International Handbook of Migration and Population Distribution.

Intro -- Contents -- 1: Introduction: Contemporary Insights on Migration and Population Distribution -- Part I: Perspectives on Theory for Internal and International Migration -- 2: Perspectives on Migration Theory: Geography -- The Intensity of Migration: Distance Decay and the Gravity Model -- The Causes of Migration: Economics as the Main Driving Force -- Taking the Economy More Seriously -- Linking Internal and International Migration -- The Direction of Migration: ``Development´´ and Mass Migration -- Telecommunications and Migration -- The Scaling of Migration Control -- The Mobilities Paradigm -- The Variety of Migration: Circulation and Transnationalism -- Gender and Migration -- The Channelization of Migration: Migration Fields and Networked Flows -- Conclusions -- References -- 3: Perspectives on Migration Theory - Economics -- Introduction -- The Disequilibrium Perspective -- The Gravity Model -- Present Discounted Values -- Job-Search Models -- Microdata Approaches -- Selectivity Issues -- The Equilibrium Perspective -- Consequences of Migration and Conclusions -- References -- 4: Perspectives on Migration Theory-Anthropology -- Research Methodologies and Units of Analysis -- Transnationalism, Diaspora, and Cosmopolitanism -- Immigrants, Citizenship, and Political Mobilization -- Inclusion and Exclusion: The Reception of Immigrants, Discourses of Immigration, and Racism -- Immigrants, the State, the Law, and Multiculturalism -- Conclusion -- References -- 5: Perspectives on Migration Theory - Sociology and Political Science -- A Brief Nod to History -- The Migrant: Individual, Community Member, Node in a Network -- Migration and the Family -- Non-pecuniary Factors in Micro-level Migration -- Migration, Social Networks and Community -- Migration and Destination Adaptation -- Migration and Political Structures -- New Directions.

Data and Methods -- Substantive Horizons and Challenges -- Political and Social Contexts -- References -- 6: Conceptualizing Migration: From Internal/International to Kinds of Membership -- The Cleavage Between International and Internal Migration -- Bridging the Gap Between Internal and International Migration -- Emphasis on a Different Cleavage -- References -- Part II: Data and Methods for Migration Study -- 7: Concepts, Definitions and Data Collection Approaches -- Introduction -- Conceptual and Definitional Issues and Conundra -- Definitions -- Further Observations -- Questions to Identify Migrants -- Typology Conundra -- Common Existing Sources of Data, Limitations and Prospects for Making them More Useful -- Population Censuses and Continuous Population Registers -- Existing Household Surveys to Which Questions on Migration May Be Added (?) -- The Crucial Issues of Sample Size and Prevalence of Migrants -- Major Existing Types of Household Surveys that Could Provide Data on Migrants if Modified -- Aspects of Survey Design for Specialized Surveys of Migration -- Sampling in Surveys of Migration -- Stratification and Disproportionate Sampling -- Two-Phase Sampling to Select Households at the Last Stage -- Other Approaches to Sampling -- Some Special Examples of Migration Surveys -- Questionnaire Content and Design -- Some Special Methodological Issues Related to Migration Data Collection -- Conclusions -- Appendix A. Example of ``Last Move´´ Questionnaire (Adapted from Survey on International Migration in Tajikistan, 2013 -- Englis... -- APPENDIX B. Adapted from ``Survey on Migration and Natural Resources, Ecuador, 2008´´ (developed by Clark Gray and Richard Bil... -- References -- 8: Data Prospects: IPUMS-International -- The IPUMS Projects -- Census Microdata -- Scope of the IPUMS Database -- Geographic Harmonization.

General Topical Coverage -- Migration Data -- Data Quality -- Research Directions -- References -- 9: Micro Methods: Longitudinal Surveys and Analyses -- Introduction -- Longitudinal Surveys -- Prospective vs. Retrospective Data -- Biographic Data -- Panel Data -- Pros, Cons and Alternatives -- Collecting Multi-level and Longitudinal Data to Study Migration -- Individual Level -- Social Circle -- Local Context -- Macro Context -- Longitudinal Analyses -- Dealing with Time: Data Structure and Conceptual Issues -- Data Files and Data Organization -- Time of Exposure -- Beginning of Time -- Censoring -- Other Time Issues -- Repeated or Single Events -- Time-Fixed Variables, Time-Varying Variables and Time Lags -- Descriptive Methods -- Migration Histories as Careers: Sequence Analysis -- Explaining Migration with Discrete-Time Event History Models -- A Simple Illustration -- Alternative Analyses on the Determinants of Migration -- The Role of Others: Linking Mobility Histories from Different People -- Multi-level Approaches -- Integrating Data on Destination Places -- Desires, Intentions, Attempts and Effective Migrations -- Using Migration Histories to Explain Other Phenomena -- Conclusion -- References -- 10: Migration Analysis Using Demographic Surveys and Surveillance Systems -- Introduction -- Criteria to Evaluate Data Sources as Regard to Migration Analysis -- Sampling Procedures -- Data Collection Tools -- The Case for the Demographic and Health Survey -- Questions on Migration and Residences -- Limitations -- Existing and Potential Analyzes -- The Case for Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems -- Migration Registration System and Their Limitations -- Questions on the Circumstances of Migration -- Existing and Potential Analyzes -- Conclusions -- References -- 11: Migration Flows: Measurement, Analysis and Modeling -- Introduction.

Issues in the Measurement and Analysis of Migration -- Migration Measures and Migration Models -- Modeling Migration Flows by Origin and Destination -- Modeling Migration Age Profiles -- Migration, Population Growth and Population Distribution -- Conclusion: Issues for the Future -- References -- Part III: Regional Perspectives -- 12: African Migration and Population Distribution: Recent Trends, Methodological Challenges and Policy Issues -- Introduction -- Dimensions and Trends in Africa´s Migration System -- Internal Migration and Urbanization of Poverty -- Migration Circulation -- Feminization of Migration -- Forced Migration: IDPs, Refugees, Asylum Seekers -- Emigration, Brain Drain and Brain Gain -- Trafficking and Smuggling of Migrants -- Chinese Immigration to Africa -- International Organizations and Africa´s Migration and Population Distribution -- The Methodological Challenges of Studying Migration in Africa -- The Complexity of Africa´s Migration Context -- Undocumented Migrants and Inadequate Official Records -- The Overall Paucity of African Migration Data -- Policy Issues Relating to Migration and Population Distribution in Africa -- Enhancing Returns from Emigration -- Implementing Political and Citizenship Reforms -- Human Trafficking Policy Measures -- Responding to the Challenge of Skilled Migration -- Refugee and IDP Policies -- Execution of Protocols of Regional Groupings on Integration -- Expanding the Share and Enhanced Use of Remittances -- Making Remittances Cheaper -- Diaspora Engagement Beyond Remittances -- Database of Africans Outside the Region -- References -- 13: Migration in Asia -- Introduction -- Conceptual Framework -- International Migration in Asia -- Internal Migration in the Countries of Asia -- Conclusion -- References -- 14: Migration in China -- Introduction -- Internal Migration.

Overview of Historical Patterns -- Market Transition and Rise of Migration in China -- Migration, Hukou, and Life Chances -- The Impact of Migration on Children -- Migration and the Transformation of Rural China -- Emigration from China -- Periods of Emigration from China -- Period of Restriction: 1949-1977 -- 1978-Present: New Migrants () from China -- Changing Patterns of Emigration -- Family Reunion -- Student Migration -- Clandestine Labor Emigration -- Emigrants from Fujian and Zhejiang -- Emigrants from Other Parts of China -- Recent Trends in Emigration -- Upper Middle Class and Super-Rich Emigration -- Children of the Wealthy Studying Abroad -- Driving Forces of Emigrants -- Local Contexts -- Global Contexts -- Networks -- Emigration and Development -- Community Level -- Regional and National Level -- Conclusions and Future Research -- References -- 15: Changing Patterns of Migration in India: A Perspective on Urban Exclusion -- Introduction -- Policies and Programmes Pertaining to Migration and Their Impact -- Stabilization of Regional Economies and Promoting Globally Linked Cities -- Welfare Programmes for Migrant Families -- Trends and Patterns of Migration in India: A Macro Overview -- Migration Pattern of Adult Men and Employment Structure Before and After Migration -- Social and Economic Characteristics of Adult Male Migrants in a Comparative Framework -- Population Mobility and Urbanisation: A Macro Overview -- A Perspective for Future Urban Strategy -- References -- 16: Migration in Australia and New Zealand -- Introduction -- Some Data Issues -- The Demographic and Economic Context -- Conceptualising Australian-New Zealand International Migration -- Permanent Settlement -- Refugee-Humanitarian Migration -- Emigration -- Temporary Migration -- Transitions -- Some International Migration Issues in Australia and New Zealand.

Internal Migration.

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