Earth's Climate Evolution.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Author Biography -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- References -- Chapter 2 The Great Cooling -- 2.1 The Founding Fathers -- 2.2 Charles Lyell, 'Father of Palaeoclimatology' -- 2.3 Agassiz Discovers the Ice Age -- 2.4 Lyell Defends Icebergs -- References -- Chapter 3 Ice Age Cycles -- 3.1 The Astronomical Theory of Climate Change -- 3.2 James Croll Develops the Theory -- 3.3 Lyell Responds -- 3.4 Croll Defends his Position -- 3.5 Even More Ancient Ice Ages -- 3.6 Not Everyone Agrees -- References -- Chapter 4 Trace Gases Warm the Planet -- 4.1 De Saussure's Hot Box -- 4.2 William Herschel's Accidental Discovery -- 4.3 Discovering Carbon Dioxide -- 4.4 Fourier, the 'Newton of Heat', Discovers the 'Greenhouse Effect' -- 4.5 Tyndall Shows How the 'Greenhouse Effect' Works -- 4.6 Arrhenius Calculates How CO2 Affects Air Temperature -- 4.7 Chamberlin's Theory of Gases and Ice Ages -- References -- Chapter 5 Moving Continents and Dating Rocks -- 5.1 The Continents Drift -- 5.2 The Seafloor Spreads -- 5.3 The Dating Game -- 5.4 Base Maps for Palaeoclimatology -- 5.5 The Evolution of the Modern World -- References -- Chapter 6 Mapping Past Climates -- 6.1 Climate Indicators -- 6.2 Palaeoclimatologists Get to Work -- 6.3 Palaeomagneticians Enter the Field -- 6.4 Oxygen Isotopes to the Rescue -- 6.5 Cycles and Astronomy -- 6.6 Pangaean Palaeoclimates (Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic) -- 6.7 Post-Break-Up Palaeoclimates (Jurassic, Cretaceous) -- 6.8 Numerical Models Make their Appearance -- 6.9 From Wegener to Barron -- References -- Chapter 7 Into the Icehouse -- 7.1 Climate Clues from the Deep Ocean -- 7.2 Palaeoceanography -- 7.3 The World's Freezer -- 7.4 The Drill Bit Turns -- 7.5 Global Cooling -- 7.6 Arctic Glaciation -- References.

Chapter 8 The Greenhouse Gas Theory Matures -- 8.1 CO2 in the Atmosphere and Ocean (1930-1955) -- 8.2 CO2 in the Atmosphere and Ocean (1955-1979) -- 8.3 CO2 in the Atmosphere and Ocean (1979-1983) -- 8.4 Biogeochemistry: The Merging of Physics and Biology -- 8.5 The Carbon Cycle -- 8.6 Oceanic Carbon -- 8.7 Measuring CO2 in the Oceans -- 8.8 A Growing International Emphasis -- 8.9 Reflection on Developments -- References -- Chapter 9 Measuring and Modelling CO2 Back through Time -- 9.1 CO2: The Palaeoclimate Perspective -- 9.2 Fossil CO2 -- 9.3 Measuring CO2 Back through Time -- 9.4 Modelling CO2 and Climate -- 9.5 The Critics Gather -- References -- Chapter 10 The Pulse of the Earth -- 10.1 Climate Cycles and Tectonic Forces -- 10.2 Ocean Chemistry -- 10.3 Black Shales -- 10.4 Sea Level -- 10.5 Biogeochemical Cycles, Gaia and Cybertectonic Earth -- 10.6 Meteorite Impacts -- 10.7 Massive Volcanic Eruptions -- References -- Chapter 11 Numerical Climate Models and Case Histories -- 11.1 CO2 and General Circulation Models -- 11.2 CO2 and Climate in the Early Cenozoic -- 11.3 The First Great Ice Sheet -- 11.4 Hyperthermal Events -- 11.5 Case History: The Palaeocene-Eocene Boundary -- 11.6 CO2 and Climate in the Late Cenozoic -- 11.7 Case History: The Pliocene -- References -- Chapter 12 Solving the Ice Age Mystery: The Deep-Ocean Solution -- 12.1 Astronomical Drivers -- 12.2 An Ice Age Climate Signal Emerges from the Deep Ocean -- 12.3 The Ice Age CO2 Signal Hidden on the Deep-Sea Floor -- 12.4 Flip-Flops in the Conveyor -- 12.5 A Surprise Millennial Signal Emerges -- 12.6 Ice Age Productivity -- 12.7 Observations on Deglaciation and Past Interglacials -- 12.8 Sea Level -- References -- Chapter 13 Solving the Ice Age Mystery: The Ice Core Tale -- 13.1 The Great Ice Sheets -- 13.2 The Greenland Story -- 13.3 Antarctic Ice -- 13.4 Seesaws.

13.5 CO2 in the Ice Age Atmosphere -- 13.6 The Ultimate Climate Flicker: The Younger Dryas Event -- 13.7 Problems in the Milankovitch Garden -- 13.8 The Mechanics of Change -- References -- Chapter 14 The Holocene Interglacial -- 14.1 Holocene Climate Change -- 14.2 The Role of Greenhouse Gases: Carbon Dioxide and Methane -- 14.3 Climate Variability -- References -- Chapter 15 Medieval Warming, the Little Ice Age and the Sun -- 15.1 Solar Activity and Cosmic Rays -- 15.2 Solar Cycles in the Geological Record -- 15.3 The Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age -- 15.4 The End of the Little Ice Age -- 15.5 The Hockey Stick Controversy -- 15.6 Sea Level -- References -- Chapter 16 Putting It All Together -- 16.1 A Fast-Evolving Subject -- 16.2 Natural Envelopes of Climate Change -- 16.3 Evolving Knowledge -- 16.4 Where is Climate Headed? -- 16.5 Some Final Remarks -- 16.6 What Can Be Done? -- References -- Appendix A: Further Reading -- Appendix B: List of Figure Sources and Attributions -- Index -- EULA.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.