Clinical Neurophysiology in Pediatrics : A Practical Approach to Neurodiagnostic Testing and Management.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Share Clinical Neurophysiology in Pediatrics: A Practical Approach to Neurodiagnostic Testing and Management -- Chapter 1: EEG Monitoring in Neonatal Epilepsies -- Neonatal EEG Background -- Background Patterns -- Excessive Sharps -- Excessive Discontinuity -- Brief Ictal/Interictal Rhythmic/Repetitive Discharges -- Depressed/Undifferentiated or Low Voltage -- Seizure Detection -- Subclinical Seizures -- Neonatal Seizure Semiology -- Role of Amplitude-Integrated EEG -- Transient or "Benign" Neonatal Seizures -- Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy -- Benign Familial Neonatal Convulsions -- Stroke -- Hypoglycemia and Other Reversible Causes -- Catastrophic Epileptic Encephalopathies -- Ohtahara Syndrome -- Early Myoclonic Epilepsy of Infancy -- Malignant Migrating Partial Seizures of Infancy -- Other Epilepsy Syndromes Presenting in Neonates -- Metabolic Epilepsies -- References -- Chapter 2: Pediatric Febrile Seizures -- Etiology -- Should Children with Febrile Seizures be Vaccinated? Do Vaccinations Cause Febrile Seizures? -- Evaluation of Febrile Seizures -- Febrile Status Epilepticus -- Prognosis of Febrile Seizures -- Management of Simple and Complex Febrile Seizures -- Febrile Seizures as the Presenting Feature of Other Epilepsies -- FEBSTAT Study -- Controversy: Do Febrile Seizures Cause Temporal Lobe Epilepsy? -- References -- Chapter 3: Epileptic and Nonepileptic Paroxysmal Events in Childhood -- Events with Motor Manifestations as the Main Clinical Feature -- Benign Neonatal Sleep Myoclonus -- Jitteriness -- Benign Myoclonus of Early Infancy -- Shuddering Attacks -- Stereotypies -- Tics -- Paroxysmal Dyskinesias -- Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures -- Sandiffer Syndrome -- Hyperekplexia -- Self-Gratification Disorder.

Events with Sensory Manifestations as the Main Clinical Feature -- Migraine -- Panic Attacks -- Hallucinations -- Events Associated with Changes in the Level of Consciousness or Alertness as the Main Clinical Feature -- Staring Events -- Breath-Holding Spells -- Syncope -- Narcolepsy/Cataplexy -- Sleep-Related Events -- References -- Chapter 4: EEG Interpretation in Childhood Epilepsies -- Paroxysmal Discharges and Seizure Diagnosis -- The Epilepsies -- Localized (Focal) Epilepsies and Syndromes -- Generalized Epilepsies -- Symptomatic Generalized, Multifocal Seizures or Syndromes -- References -- Chapter 5: The Evaluation of Pediatric Sleep Disorders -- History -- Physical Examination -- Polysomnography -- Specific Sleep Disorders -- Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders -- Obstructive Sleep Apnea -- Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence -- Narcolepsy -- Parasomnias -- NREM-Related Parasomnias -- REM-Related Parasomnias -- Sleep-Related Movement Disorders -- Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep -- Sleep-Related Bruxism -- Sleep-Related Rhythmic Movement Disorder -- Sleep-Related Medical and Neurological Disorders -- Sleep-Related Epilepsy -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: Pediatric Muscular Dystrophies and Myopathies: The Role of Neurophysiology, Genetics, and Ancillary Testing -- Clinical Evaluation/Examination -- Ancillary Studies -- Creatine Kinase -- Clinical Neurophysiology -- Muscle Biopsy -- Muscle Imaging -- Imaging Findings in Specific Disorders -- Genetic Testing -- Complications of Genetic Testing in Neuromuscular Disorders -- Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy -- Congenital Myopathies -- Congenital Muscular Dystrophies -- Next-Generation Sequencing -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Clinical Evaluation in Pediatric Peripheral Neuropathies -- Clinical Approach.

Which Systems and Nerve Fiber Size are Involved? -- What is the Distribution of Motor Weakness? -- Is There Evidence for Upper Motor Neuron Involvement and/or Other Associated Clinical Features? -- What Is the Age of Onset and Temporal Evolution? -- Is There Evidence for Hereditary Neuropathy? -- Is the Neuropathic Process Superimposed on a Preexisting Asymptomatic Hereditary Neuropathy? -- Illustrative Case Report -- Electrodiagnostic Testing -- Nerve Biopsy -- References -- Chapter 8: EMG Considerations in the Pediatric Patient -- Fear and Discomfort -- Myopathic Disorders -- The Role of Genetic Testing -- EMG in Clinical Trials -- Use of Sedation -- Disease Etiologies -- Clinical Course, Electrodiagnosis, and Outcome -- References -- Chapter 9: Clinical Neurophysiology in Pediatric Peripheral Neuropathy -- Inherited Peripheral Neuropathies -- Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathies -- Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies -- Acquired Peripheral Neuropathies -- Guillain-Barré Syndrome -- Nutritional and Malabsorption Syndromes -- Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy -- Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy -- References -- Chapter 10: EMG in Pediatric Brachial Plexopathy -- Anatomy -- Roots -- Trunks -- Divisions -- Cords -- Terminal Nerves -- Brachial Plexopathy Classification -- Pathophysiology -- Axonal Degeneration and Axon Loss -- Focal Demyelination -- Causes of Brachial Plexopathies -- Electrodiagnostic Study of the Brachial Plexus -- Motor NCSs -- Sensory NCSs -- Electromyography -- Specific Disorders of the Brachial Plexus -- Trauma -- Idiopathic Brachial Plexopathy -- Hereditary Brachial Plexus Neuropathy -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Intraoperative Considerations in the Pediatric Patient -- CNS Myelination -- Multimodality Monitoring -- Somatosensory Evoked Potentials -- Transcranial Electric Motor Stimulation.

Brainstem Auditory Evoked Responses -- Cortical Stimulation -- EMG Monitoring -- EEG Monitoring -- References -- Chapter 12: Evoked Potentials in Pediatric Brainstem Lesions -- Technical Factors in the Assessment of Baers -- Click Intensity and Repetition Rate -- MLS Technique -- Measurement of BAER Variables -- BAER Abnormalities in Brainstem Lesions -- Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy -- Bilirubin Encephalopathy -- Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia -- Brainstem Gliomas -- Supratentorial Mass Lesions -- Cerebral Palsy (CP) -- Other Disorders -- Leigh's Syndrome -- Gaucher's Disease -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: Evoked Potentials in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring -- Somatosensory Evoked Potentials -- Physiological Basis -- Monitoring Setup -- Anesthesia -- Motor Evoked Potentials -- Physiological Basis -- Monitoring Setup -- Safety -- Anesthesia -- Interpretation -- Preoperative Evaluation -- Intraoperative Interpretation -- Example Case -- References -- Chapter 14: Autonomic Disorders in Children -- Special Considerations for Autonomic Testing in Children -- Rationale for Autonomic Testing in Pediatrics -- Test Descriptions -- Cardiovagal -- Adrenergic -- Sudomotor -- Pupillography -- Enteric -- Urologic -- Vascular -- Other Clinical Applications -- Identification of Risk Factors for Autonomic Dysregulation -- Early Detection and Monitoring of Complications of Systemic Disease -- Diabetes -- Screening for Other Systemic Illnesses -- Identifying Underlying Pathophysiology of Clinical Disorders -- Harlequin Syndrome/Flushing -- Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome -- Syncope/Orthostatic Intolerance -- Characterization of Fiber-Type Involvement in Peripheral Neuropathies -- Detecting Small-Fiber Dysfunction-Particularly as Cause of Pain Syndromes in Children and Adolescents -- Abdominal Pain or GI Dysmotility.

Future Directions -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 15: Clinical Neurophysiology: Future Role in Pediatric Neurologic Disorders -- Historical Perspective -- Better Technique, Better Analysis, Better Interpretation -- Quantification of Data -- Improved Temporal Resolution -- Expanding the Sphere of Clinical Neurophysiology -- New Diseases, Better Assessments -- Neurophysiology as a Biomarker -- Nonscientific Influences -- Conclusions -- References -- Index.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.