The Science of Climate Change.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Foreword -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Opening Statement -- 1.2 Summary -- 1.3 Chapter 2: State-of-the Art of the Climate Change Debate -- 1.4 Chapter 3: Forest Fires and Anthropogenic CO2 -- 1.5 Chapter 4: Role of Agricultural Practices on Climate Change -- 1.6 Chapter 5: Role of Biofuel Processing in Creating Global Warming -- 1.7 Chapter 6: Role of Refining on Climate Change -- 1.8 Chapter 7: Scientific Characterization of Petroleum Fluids -- 1.9 Chapter 8: Delinearized History of Climate Change Hysteria -- 1.10 Chapter 9: The Monetization the Climate Science -- 1.11 Chapter 10: The Science of Global Warming -- 1.12 Chapter 11: Conclusions -- 2 State-of-The-Art of the Climate Change Debate -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Anthropogenic Climate Change (ACC) -- 2.3 The Climate Change as a Natural Process -- 2.4 Conclusions -- 3 Forest Fires and Anthropogenic CO2 -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Science of Forest Fires -- 3.2.1 Role of Water and Carbon -- 3.2.2 Combustion and Oxidation -- 3.2.3 From Natural Energy to Natural Mass -- 3.2.4 Causes of Forest Fires -- 3.3 Climate Change and Forest Fire -- 3.4 Setting the Stage to Discover a CO2 Effect -- 3.5 Conclusions -- 4 Role of Agricultural Practices on Climate Change -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Climate-Water-Food Nexus -- 4.3 Biofuel -- 4.4 Pathway Analysis of Biofuels -- 4.4.1 Chemical Fertilizers -- 4.4.2 Pesticides -- 4.4.2.1 Toxin Related to Pesticide -- 4.4.3 The Heavy Metals -- 4.4.3.1 Lead -- 4.4.3.2 Chromium -- 4.4.3.3 Arsenic -- 4.4.3.4 Zinc -- 4.4.3.5 Cadmium -- 4.4.3.6 Copper -- 4.4.3.7 Mercury -- 4.4.3.8 Nickel -- 4.4.3.9 Overall Effect of Heavy Metals on Life Cycle and Ecosystem -- 4.4.4 The Mechanism -- 4.4.5 Bioethanol -- 4.5 Conclusions -- 5 Role of Biofuel Processing in Creating Global Warming -- 5.1 Introduction.

5.2 The Process of Biodiesel Manufacturing -- 5.2.1 Variables Affecting Transesterification Reaction -- 5.2.1.1 Effect of Free Fatty Acid and Moisture -- 5.2.1.2 Catalyst Type and Concentration -- 5.2.1.3 Molar Ratio of Alcohol to Oil and Type of Alcohol -- 5.2.1.4 Effect of Reaction Time and Temperature -- 5.2.1.5 Mixing Intensity -- 5.2.1.6 Effect of Using Organic Co-Solvents -- 5.2.2 Catalysts -- 5.2.2.1 The Effects of Homogeneous Catalyst in Biodiesel Production -- 5.2.2.2 Effect of Heterogeneous Catalysts -- 5.2.2.3 Future Trends and the Impact on the Environment -- 5.2.3 Greening of the Biodiesel Process -- 5.3 Conclusions -- 6 Role of Refining on Climate Change -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Refining Process -- 6.3 Additives and Their Functions -- 6.3.1 Platinum -- 6.3.2 Cadmium -- 6.3.3 Lead -- 6.4 Science of Nanoscale -- 6.4.1 Connection Between Subatomic and Bulk Properties -- 6.4.2 The Correct Formulation -- 6.5 Zeolite as a Refining Catalyst -- 6.5.1 Gasoline Pool -- 6.5.2 Linear Paraffin Isomerization -- 6.5.3 Isobutane-Butene Alkylation -- 6.5.4 Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) -- 6.5.5 Reforming -- 6.5.6 Hydrocracking -- 6.6 Conclusions -- 7 Scientific Characterization of Petroleum Fluids -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Organic and Mechanical Frequencies -- 7.3 Redefining Radiation and Energy -- 7.3.1 Radiation -- 7.3.2 Flames and Natural Frequencies of Flames -- 7.3.3 Energy -- 7.3.4 Conversion of Energy Into Mass -- 7.4 Role of Petroleum Sources -- 7.4.1 Organic Origin of Petroleum -- 7.4.2 Implication of the Abiogenic Theory of Hydrocarbon -- 7.4.3 Effect on Reserve -- 7.5 Scientific Ranking of Petroleum -- 7.6 Conclusions -- 8 Delinearized History of Climate Change Hysteria -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Climate Change Hysteria -- 8.3 The Energy Crisis -- 8.3.1 Are Natural Resources Finite and Human Needs Infinite?.

8.3.2 The Finite/ Infinite Conundrum -- 8.3.3 Renewable vs Non-Renewable: No Boundary-As-Such -- 8.4 Conclusions -- 9 The Monetization the Climate Science -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 The Nobel Laureate Economist's Claim -- 9.3 Historical Development -- 9.3.1 Pre-Industrial -- 9.3.2 Industrial Age -- 9.3.3 Age of Petroleum -- 9.3.3.1 High-Acid Crude Oils and Opportunity Crudes -- 9.3.3.2 Oil From Tight Formations and From Shale Formations -- 9.3.3.3 Natural Gas -- 9.3.3.4 Heavy Oil -- 9.3.3.5 Tar Sand Bitumen -- 9.4 Petroleum in the Big Picture -- 9.5 Current Status of Greenhouse Gas Emissions -- 9.5.1 CO2 Release to the Atmosphere -- 9.5.2 Linking with GDP -- 9.5.3 Different Trends in the Largest Emitting Countries and Regions -- 9.6 Comments on the Copenhagen Summit -- 9.7 The Paris Agreement -- 9.7.1 Connection to Nordhaus -- 9.7.2 The Agreement -- 9.8 Carbon Tax: The Ultimate Goal of Climate Change Hysteria -- 9.9 Conclusions -- 10 The Science of Global Warming -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Current Status of Greenhouse -- 10.3 The Current Focus -- 10.3.1 Effect of Metals -- 10.3.2 Indirect Effects -- 10.4 Scientific Characterization of Greenhouse Gases -- 10.4.1 Connection to Subatomic Energy -- 10.4.2 Isotopes and Their Relation to Greenhouse Gases -- 10.5 A New Approach to Material Characterization -- 10.5.1 Removable Discontinuities: Phases and Renewability of Materials -- 10.5.2 Rebalancing Mass and Energy -- 10.5.3 Energy: Toward Scientific Modeling -- 10.5.4 The Law of Conservation of Mass and Energy -- 10.5.5 Avalanche Theory -- 10.5.6 Simultaneous Characterization of Matter and Energy -- 10.6 Classification of CO2 -- 10.6.1 Isotopic Characterization -- 10.6.2 Isotopic Features of Naturally Occurring Chemicals -- 10.6.3 Photosynthesis -- 10.6.4 The Effect on Carbon (114C and δ13C) -- 10.7 The Role of Water in Global Warming.

10.7.1 Water as the Driver of Climate Change -- 10.8 Characterization of Energy Sources -- 10.8.1 Environmental and Ecological Impact -- 10.8.2 Quality of Energy -- 10.8.3 Evaluation of Process -- 10.8.4 Final Characterization -- 11 Conclusions -- 11.1 Concluding Remarks -- 11.2 Conclusions of Chapter 2: State-of-the Art of the Climate Change Debate -- 11.3 Conclusions of Chapter 3: Forest Fires and Anthropogenic CO2 -- 11.4 Conclusions of Chapter 4: Role of Agricultureal practices on Climate Change -- 11.5 Conclusions of Chapter 5: Role of Biofuel Processing in Creating Gobal Warming -- 11.6 Conclusions of Chapetr 6: Role of Refining on Climate Change -- 11.7 Conclusions of Chapter 7: Scientific Characterization of Petroleum Fluids -- 11.8 Conclusions of Chapter 8: Delineraized History of Climate Change Hysteria -- 11.9 Conclusions of Chapter 9: The Monetization the Climate Science -- 11.10 Conclusions of Chapter 10: The Science of Global Warming -- 12 References -- Index -- EULA.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.