Linguistic Issues in Machine Translation.

Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. Machine translation and linguistic motivation -- 1. Bilingual and monolingual information -- 2. Four methods for reducing transfer -- 2.1. Word order -- 2.2. Articles -- 2.3. Lexical ambiguity -- 2.4. Normalisation and abstraction -- 3. On the (in)dispensability of transfer -- 3.1. A typology of bilingual operations -- 3.1.1. Structure preserving operations on lexical elements -- 3.1.2. Structure changing operations on lexical elements -- 3.1.3. Structure preserving operations on grammatical elements -- 3.1.4. Structure changing operations on grammatical elements -- 3.2. A hierarchy of transfer systems -- 4. Interlingual information and semantic universals -- 4.1. Three classical approaches -- 4.2. A new approach to interlinguality -- 5. Conclusions -- Notes -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2. Co-description and translation -- 1. The transfer model -- 1.1. Unification formalisms and translation -- 1.2. Test cases for translation -- 2. Projections and co-description -- 3. Incorporation -- 3.1. Argument incorporation -- 3.2. Modifier incorporation -- 3.3. Some extensions -- 4. Head-switching -- 4.1. Head-switching by r equations -- 4.2 Alternatives -- 4.3. Functional uncertainty -- 4.4. Conclusion -- 5. General conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 3. The interaction of syntax and morphology in machine translation -- 1. The linguistic and translational background -- 2. Inflection -- 3. Derivation -- 4. Compounding -- 5. Two issues -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 4. Dependency and machine translation -- 1. Two sorts of linguistic phenomena -- 2. Lexical selection in transfer -- 3. A dependency structure -- 4. Level of depth of dependency structures -- 5. A dependency grammar -- 6. Conditions on dependency structures.

7. Some problems and difficulties in defining interface structures as dependency constructions -- 8. A particular proposal of dependency grammar and some application examples -- 9. Conclusion -- References -- 5. On the translation of prepositions in multilingual MT -- 1. A methodological preliminary -- 2. Which prepositional phrases? -- 3. Two approaches to the meaning of prepositions -- 4. An example of semantic relations -- 5. The representational problem: some possible treatments -- 6. On the robustness of semantic relations -- 7. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 6. Translation fills the gaps: a new approach to unbounded dependencies -- 1. Goals and methodology -- 2. A characterization of unbounded dependencies -- 2.1 Top, middle and bottom -- 2.2 Trace theory and grammatical frameworks -- 2.3 Structural uncertainty and the subjacency condition -- 3. From linguistics to machine translation -- 3.1 Relaxed compositional translation -- 3.2 Compositionality and unbounded dependencies -- 3.3 Co-indexations in translation -- 4. Towards a formalization -- 4.1 A grammatical formalism for 'translation machines' -- 4.2 A sample treatment of UDCs in a fragment of English -- 4.3 A 'translator' notation -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- References -- Index.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.