HVDC Power Transmission Systems.
Padiyar, K.R.
HVDC Power Transmission Systems. - 2nd ed. - 1 online resource (419 pages)
Cover -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Chapter 1 DC Power Transmission Technology -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Comparison of AC and DC Transmission -- 1.2.1 Economics of Power Transmission -- 1.2.2 Technical Performance -- 1.2.3 Reliability -- 1.3 Application of DC Transmission -- 1.4 Description of DC Transmission System -- 1.4.1 Types of DC Links -- 1.4.2 Converter Station -- 1.5 Planning For HVDC Transmission -- 1.6 Modern Trends in HVDC Technology -- 1.7 Some Operating Problems -- 1.8 HVDC Transmission Based on Voltage Source Converters -- References and Bibliography -- Chapter 2 Line Commutated and Voltage Source Converters -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 LINE COMMUTATED CONVERTER -- 2.2.1 Analysis of Graetz Bridge Neglecting Overlap -- 2.2.2 Choice of Converter Configuration for any Pulse Number -- 2.2.3 Analysis of a 12 Pulse Converters -- 2.2.4 Effect of Finite Smoothing Reactor -- 2.3 Voltage Source Converter -- 2.3.1 Basic Two Level (Graetz Bridge) Converter -- 2.3.2 A Three Level Voltage Source Converter -- 2.3.3 Pulse Width Modulation -- References and Bibliograpy -- Chapter 3 Analysis of HVDC Converters -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Analysis of Line Commutated Converter -- 3.3 LCC Bridge Characteristics -- 3.4 Characteristics of a Twelve Pulse Converter -- 3.5 Detailed Analysis of Converters -- 3.6 Capacitor Commutated Converter -- 3.7 Analysis of a Voltage Source Converter -- References and Bibliography -- Chapter 4 Converter and HVDC System Control -- 4.1 General -- 4.2 Principles of DC Link Control -- 4.3 Converter Control Characteristics -- 4.3.1 Basic Characteristics -- 4.3.2 Modification of the Control Characteristics -- 4.4 System Control Hierarchy -- 4.5 Firing Angle Control -- 4.5.1 Individual Phase Control -- 4.5.2 Equidistant Pulse Control (EPC). 4.5.3 Control Hardware -- 4.6 Current and Extinction Angle Control -- 4.7 Starting and Stopping of DC Link -- 4.7.1 Energization and Deenergization of a Bridge -- 4.7.2 Start-up of DC Link -- 4.8 Power Control -- 4.9 Higher Level Controllers -- 4.9.1 Frequency and Power/Frequency Control -- 4.9.2 Stabilization of AC Ties -- 4.9.3 Emergency Control -- 4.9.4 Reactive Power Control -- 4.9.5 Subsynchronous Damping Control -- 4.10 Telecommunication Requirements -- 4.11 Control of Voltage Source Convertor -- References and Bibliography -- Chapter 5 Converter Faults and Protection -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Converter Faults -- 5.2.1 General -- 5.2.2 Commutation Failure -- 5.2.3 Arc Through -- 5.2.4 Misfire -- 5.2.5 Current Extinction -- 5.2.6 Short Circuit in a Bridge -- 5.3 Protection against Overcurrents -- 5.4 Overvoltages in a Converter Station -- 5.4.1 General -- 5.4.2 Disturbances on the AC Side -- 5.4.3 Disturbances on the DC Side -- 5.4.4 Overvoltage Caused by Internal Converter Disturbances -- 5.5 Surge Arresters -- 5.6 Protection Against Overvoltages -- 5.6.1 General -- 5.6.2 Overvoltage Protection in a Converter Station -- 5.7 Protection Against Faults in a Voltage Source Converter -- References and Bibliography -- Chapter 6 Smoothing Reactor and DC Line -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Smoothing Reactors -- 6.3 DC Line -- 6.3.1 Corona Effects -- 6.3.2 DC Line Insulators -- 6.4 Transient Overvoltages in DC Line -- 6.5 Protection of DC Line -- 6.5.1 Detection of Line Faults -- 6.5.2 Protection Against DC Line Faults with VSC -- 6.6 DC Breakers -- 6.6.1 Basic Concepts of DC Circuit Interruption -- 6.6.2 Characteristics and Types of DC Breakers -- 6.6.3 Applications of DC Breakers -- 6.7 Monopolar Operation -- 6.7.1 Ground Electrodes -- 6.8 Effects of Proximity of AC and DC Transmission Lines -- References and Bibliography. Chapter 7 Reactive Power Control -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Reactive Power Requirements in Steady State -- 7.2.1 Conventional Control Strategies -- 7.2.2 Alternate Control Strategies -- 7.2.3 Forced Commutation -- 7.3 Sources of Reactive Power -- 7.4 SVC and STATCOM -- 7.4.1 Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR) -- 7.4.2 STATCOM -- 7.4.3 Comparison between SVC and STATCOM -- 7.5 Reactive Power Control During Transients -- References and Bibliography -- Chapter 8 Harmonics and Filters -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Generation of Harmonics -- 8.2.1 Characteristic Harmonics -- 8.2.2 Non-characteristic Harmonics -- 8.3 Design of AC Filters -- 8.3.1 Criteria of Design -- 8.3.2 Types of Filters -- 8.4 Passive AC Filters -- 8.5 DC Filters -- 8.5.1 Criteria of Design -- 8.5.2 Passive DC Filters -- 8.6 Active Filters -- 8.7 Carrier Frequency and RI Noise -- References and Bibliography -- Chapter 9 Multiterminal and Multi-Infeed DC Systems -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Potential Applications of MTDC Systems -- 9.3 Types of MTDC Systems -- 9.3.1 Series MTDC System -- 9.3.2 Parallel MTDC System -- 9.3.3 Comparison of Series and Parallel MTDC Systems -- 9.4 Control and Protection of MTDC Systems -- 9.4.1 Current Margin Method -- 9.4.2 Voltage Limiting Control -- 9.4.3 Decentralized Current Reference Balancing -- 9.4.4 Two ACR Method -- 9.4.5 Protection of MTDC Systems -- 9.5 Study of MTDC Systems -- 9.6 Multi-Infeed DC Systems -- 9.7 MTDC Systems Using Voltage Source Converters -- 9.8 Summary -- References and Bibliography -- Chapter 10 Power Flow Analysis in AC/DC Systems -- 10.1 General -- 10.2 Power Flow Analysis-An Overview -- 10.3 DC System Model -- 10.3.1 Basic Model of the Converter -- 10.3.2 Converter Equations -- 10.3.3 A Flexible Per Unit System -- 10.3.4 DC Network Equations -- 10.3.5 DC Control Equations -- 10.4 Solution Procedure. 10.5 Inclusion of Constraints -- 10.6 A Case Study -- 10.7 On-Line Power Flow Analysis for Security Control -- 10.8 Power Flow Analysis Under Dynamic Conditions -- 10.9 Power Flow Analysis with VSC Based HVDC System -- References and Bibliography -- Chapter 11 Modeling and Analysis of AC-DC System Interactions -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 System Models -- 11.2.1 General -- 11.2.2 Converter Models -- 11.2.3 Model of Converter Controller -- 11.2.4 Modeling of DC Network -- 11.2.5 Modeling of AC Network -- 11.3 Application of Switching Functions -- 11.4 System Simulation -- 11.4.1 General -- 11.4.2 System Simulation: Philosophy, Tools and Applications -- 11.4.3 System Studies -- 11.4.4 Physical Model (HVDC Simulator) -- 11.4.5 Parity Simulator [35] -- 11.4.6 Digital Dynamic Simulation -- 11.4.7 Modeling of DC Systems for Digital Dynamic Simulation -- 11.4.8 Transient Simulation of DC and AC Networks -- 11.5 Torsional Interactions with HVDC System -- 11.5.1 General -- 11.5.2 Factors Affecting the Phenomenon -- 11.5.3 Analysis of HVDC-Turbine Generator Torsional Interactions -- 11.5.4 A Case Study -- 11.5.5 Control of Torsional Interaction -- 11.5.6 Torsional Interactions with MTDC Systems -- 11.5.7 Torsional Interactions with VSC-HVDC -- 11.6 Harmonic Interactions -- 11.6.1 General -- 11.6.2 Harmonic Instability with IPC Scheme of Firing Pulse Generation -- 11.6.3 Core Saturation Instability [2] -- 11.6.4 A Generalized Analysis of Harmonic Instability -- 11.6.5 Harmonic Interactions in VSC-HVDC Systems -- 11.7 Control Interactions -- References and Bibliography -- Chapter 12 Stability Analysis and Power Modulation -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Power System Stability-Basic Concepts -- 12.3 Power Modulation: Basic Principles -- 12.3.1 Synchronous Link -- 12.3.2 Asynchronous Link. 12.4 Practical Considerations in the Application of Power Modulation Controllers -- 12.4.1 General -- 12.4.2 Selection of Control Signals -- 12.4.3 Controller Design -- 12.4.4 Communication Requirements -- 12.4.5 Examples of Power Modulation -- 12.4.6 Gamma or Reactive Power Modulation -- 12.4.7 Power Modulation in MTDC Systems -- 12.5 Voltage Stability in AC/DC Systems -- 12.5.1 General -- 12.5.2 Explanation of Voltage Stability Problem -- 12.5.3 Analysis of Voltage Stability in Asynchronous AC-DC System -- 12.6 Simulation of Electromechanical Transients -- 12.6.1 Converter Model -- 12.6.2 Converter Controller Models -- 12.6.3 DC Network Models -- 12.6.4 AC/DC System Interface: Simplified Converter Model -- 12.6.5 Interface Using Detailed Converter Model -- 12.7 Direct Methods for Stability Evaluation -- 12.8 Transient Stability Improvement Using DC Link Control -- References and Bibliography -- APPENDICES -- A: Thyristor and IGBT Valves -- B: Derivation of Converter Equations for Transient Simulation -- C: Analysis of a Bipolar DC Line -- D: Modelling of Synchronous Generator -- E: Subsynchronous Resonance -- F: Cigre Benchmark Models -- G: Design of DC and AC Voltage Controllers for VSC-HVDC Links -- H: Abbreviations -- Index.
9781781830482
Electric power transmission -- Direct current.
Electric power transmission -- Alternating current.
Electronic books.
TK3111 -- .P335 2013eb
621.31912
HVDC Power Transmission Systems. - 2nd ed. - 1 online resource (419 pages)
Cover -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Chapter 1 DC Power Transmission Technology -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Comparison of AC and DC Transmission -- 1.2.1 Economics of Power Transmission -- 1.2.2 Technical Performance -- 1.2.3 Reliability -- 1.3 Application of DC Transmission -- 1.4 Description of DC Transmission System -- 1.4.1 Types of DC Links -- 1.4.2 Converter Station -- 1.5 Planning For HVDC Transmission -- 1.6 Modern Trends in HVDC Technology -- 1.7 Some Operating Problems -- 1.8 HVDC Transmission Based on Voltage Source Converters -- References and Bibliography -- Chapter 2 Line Commutated and Voltage Source Converters -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 LINE COMMUTATED CONVERTER -- 2.2.1 Analysis of Graetz Bridge Neglecting Overlap -- 2.2.2 Choice of Converter Configuration for any Pulse Number -- 2.2.3 Analysis of a 12 Pulse Converters -- 2.2.4 Effect of Finite Smoothing Reactor -- 2.3 Voltage Source Converter -- 2.3.1 Basic Two Level (Graetz Bridge) Converter -- 2.3.2 A Three Level Voltage Source Converter -- 2.3.3 Pulse Width Modulation -- References and Bibliograpy -- Chapter 3 Analysis of HVDC Converters -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Analysis of Line Commutated Converter -- 3.3 LCC Bridge Characteristics -- 3.4 Characteristics of a Twelve Pulse Converter -- 3.5 Detailed Analysis of Converters -- 3.6 Capacitor Commutated Converter -- 3.7 Analysis of a Voltage Source Converter -- References and Bibliography -- Chapter 4 Converter and HVDC System Control -- 4.1 General -- 4.2 Principles of DC Link Control -- 4.3 Converter Control Characteristics -- 4.3.1 Basic Characteristics -- 4.3.2 Modification of the Control Characteristics -- 4.4 System Control Hierarchy -- 4.5 Firing Angle Control -- 4.5.1 Individual Phase Control -- 4.5.2 Equidistant Pulse Control (EPC). 4.5.3 Control Hardware -- 4.6 Current and Extinction Angle Control -- 4.7 Starting and Stopping of DC Link -- 4.7.1 Energization and Deenergization of a Bridge -- 4.7.2 Start-up of DC Link -- 4.8 Power Control -- 4.9 Higher Level Controllers -- 4.9.1 Frequency and Power/Frequency Control -- 4.9.2 Stabilization of AC Ties -- 4.9.3 Emergency Control -- 4.9.4 Reactive Power Control -- 4.9.5 Subsynchronous Damping Control -- 4.10 Telecommunication Requirements -- 4.11 Control of Voltage Source Convertor -- References and Bibliography -- Chapter 5 Converter Faults and Protection -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Converter Faults -- 5.2.1 General -- 5.2.2 Commutation Failure -- 5.2.3 Arc Through -- 5.2.4 Misfire -- 5.2.5 Current Extinction -- 5.2.6 Short Circuit in a Bridge -- 5.3 Protection against Overcurrents -- 5.4 Overvoltages in a Converter Station -- 5.4.1 General -- 5.4.2 Disturbances on the AC Side -- 5.4.3 Disturbances on the DC Side -- 5.4.4 Overvoltage Caused by Internal Converter Disturbances -- 5.5 Surge Arresters -- 5.6 Protection Against Overvoltages -- 5.6.1 General -- 5.6.2 Overvoltage Protection in a Converter Station -- 5.7 Protection Against Faults in a Voltage Source Converter -- References and Bibliography -- Chapter 6 Smoothing Reactor and DC Line -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Smoothing Reactors -- 6.3 DC Line -- 6.3.1 Corona Effects -- 6.3.2 DC Line Insulators -- 6.4 Transient Overvoltages in DC Line -- 6.5 Protection of DC Line -- 6.5.1 Detection of Line Faults -- 6.5.2 Protection Against DC Line Faults with VSC -- 6.6 DC Breakers -- 6.6.1 Basic Concepts of DC Circuit Interruption -- 6.6.2 Characteristics and Types of DC Breakers -- 6.6.3 Applications of DC Breakers -- 6.7 Monopolar Operation -- 6.7.1 Ground Electrodes -- 6.8 Effects of Proximity of AC and DC Transmission Lines -- References and Bibliography. Chapter 7 Reactive Power Control -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Reactive Power Requirements in Steady State -- 7.2.1 Conventional Control Strategies -- 7.2.2 Alternate Control Strategies -- 7.2.3 Forced Commutation -- 7.3 Sources of Reactive Power -- 7.4 SVC and STATCOM -- 7.4.1 Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR) -- 7.4.2 STATCOM -- 7.4.3 Comparison between SVC and STATCOM -- 7.5 Reactive Power Control During Transients -- References and Bibliography -- Chapter 8 Harmonics and Filters -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Generation of Harmonics -- 8.2.1 Characteristic Harmonics -- 8.2.2 Non-characteristic Harmonics -- 8.3 Design of AC Filters -- 8.3.1 Criteria of Design -- 8.3.2 Types of Filters -- 8.4 Passive AC Filters -- 8.5 DC Filters -- 8.5.1 Criteria of Design -- 8.5.2 Passive DC Filters -- 8.6 Active Filters -- 8.7 Carrier Frequency and RI Noise -- References and Bibliography -- Chapter 9 Multiterminal and Multi-Infeed DC Systems -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Potential Applications of MTDC Systems -- 9.3 Types of MTDC Systems -- 9.3.1 Series MTDC System -- 9.3.2 Parallel MTDC System -- 9.3.3 Comparison of Series and Parallel MTDC Systems -- 9.4 Control and Protection of MTDC Systems -- 9.4.1 Current Margin Method -- 9.4.2 Voltage Limiting Control -- 9.4.3 Decentralized Current Reference Balancing -- 9.4.4 Two ACR Method -- 9.4.5 Protection of MTDC Systems -- 9.5 Study of MTDC Systems -- 9.6 Multi-Infeed DC Systems -- 9.7 MTDC Systems Using Voltage Source Converters -- 9.8 Summary -- References and Bibliography -- Chapter 10 Power Flow Analysis in AC/DC Systems -- 10.1 General -- 10.2 Power Flow Analysis-An Overview -- 10.3 DC System Model -- 10.3.1 Basic Model of the Converter -- 10.3.2 Converter Equations -- 10.3.3 A Flexible Per Unit System -- 10.3.4 DC Network Equations -- 10.3.5 DC Control Equations -- 10.4 Solution Procedure. 10.5 Inclusion of Constraints -- 10.6 A Case Study -- 10.7 On-Line Power Flow Analysis for Security Control -- 10.8 Power Flow Analysis Under Dynamic Conditions -- 10.9 Power Flow Analysis with VSC Based HVDC System -- References and Bibliography -- Chapter 11 Modeling and Analysis of AC-DC System Interactions -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 System Models -- 11.2.1 General -- 11.2.2 Converter Models -- 11.2.3 Model of Converter Controller -- 11.2.4 Modeling of DC Network -- 11.2.5 Modeling of AC Network -- 11.3 Application of Switching Functions -- 11.4 System Simulation -- 11.4.1 General -- 11.4.2 System Simulation: Philosophy, Tools and Applications -- 11.4.3 System Studies -- 11.4.4 Physical Model (HVDC Simulator) -- 11.4.5 Parity Simulator [35] -- 11.4.6 Digital Dynamic Simulation -- 11.4.7 Modeling of DC Systems for Digital Dynamic Simulation -- 11.4.8 Transient Simulation of DC and AC Networks -- 11.5 Torsional Interactions with HVDC System -- 11.5.1 General -- 11.5.2 Factors Affecting the Phenomenon -- 11.5.3 Analysis of HVDC-Turbine Generator Torsional Interactions -- 11.5.4 A Case Study -- 11.5.5 Control of Torsional Interaction -- 11.5.6 Torsional Interactions with MTDC Systems -- 11.5.7 Torsional Interactions with VSC-HVDC -- 11.6 Harmonic Interactions -- 11.6.1 General -- 11.6.2 Harmonic Instability with IPC Scheme of Firing Pulse Generation -- 11.6.3 Core Saturation Instability [2] -- 11.6.4 A Generalized Analysis of Harmonic Instability -- 11.6.5 Harmonic Interactions in VSC-HVDC Systems -- 11.7 Control Interactions -- References and Bibliography -- Chapter 12 Stability Analysis and Power Modulation -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Power System Stability-Basic Concepts -- 12.3 Power Modulation: Basic Principles -- 12.3.1 Synchronous Link -- 12.3.2 Asynchronous Link. 12.4 Practical Considerations in the Application of Power Modulation Controllers -- 12.4.1 General -- 12.4.2 Selection of Control Signals -- 12.4.3 Controller Design -- 12.4.4 Communication Requirements -- 12.4.5 Examples of Power Modulation -- 12.4.6 Gamma or Reactive Power Modulation -- 12.4.7 Power Modulation in MTDC Systems -- 12.5 Voltage Stability in AC/DC Systems -- 12.5.1 General -- 12.5.2 Explanation of Voltage Stability Problem -- 12.5.3 Analysis of Voltage Stability in Asynchronous AC-DC System -- 12.6 Simulation of Electromechanical Transients -- 12.6.1 Converter Model -- 12.6.2 Converter Controller Models -- 12.6.3 DC Network Models -- 12.6.4 AC/DC System Interface: Simplified Converter Model -- 12.6.5 Interface Using Detailed Converter Model -- 12.7 Direct Methods for Stability Evaluation -- 12.8 Transient Stability Improvement Using DC Link Control -- References and Bibliography -- APPENDICES -- A: Thyristor and IGBT Valves -- B: Derivation of Converter Equations for Transient Simulation -- C: Analysis of a Bipolar DC Line -- D: Modelling of Synchronous Generator -- E: Subsynchronous Resonance -- F: Cigre Benchmark Models -- G: Design of DC and AC Voltage Controllers for VSC-HVDC Links -- H: Abbreviations -- Index.
9781781830482
Electric power transmission -- Direct current.
Electric power transmission -- Alternating current.
Electronic books.
TK3111 -- .P335 2013eb
621.31912