Vaccinations : A History : From Lady Montagu to Jenner and Genetic Engineering.
Bazin, Hervé.
Vaccinations : A History : From Lady Montagu to Jenner and Genetic Engineering. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (551 pages) - Médecine Sciences/Sélection . - Médecine Sciences/Sélection .
Vaccination: a History -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction -- I - Prehistory -- 1 - Smallpox or Variola -- The Arrival of Smallpox in the Western World -- Ordinary Smallpox -- Various Forms of Smallpox -- Treatments -- Extent of Mortality Due to Smallpox -- 2 - Lady Montagu Brings Variolation from Turkey: 1721... -- Announcement of Variolation in the Western World: circa 1700 -- Lady Mary Wortley Montagu -- The Entry of Smallpox Inoculation in the Western World -- The First Wave of Inoculations in England: 1722-1730, and on the Continent -- Revival of Inoculation in Anglo Saxon Countries, circa 1738 -- The Situation in Continental Europe, Particularly in France -- In France, Excesses, Prohibition and Clamour -- Improvement of the Variolation Technique by the Suttons: 1760 - 1763 -- Variolation Gains Ground Gradually: the Period after the Suttons -- Was it Wise to Be Variolated in the Eighteenth Century? -- Smallpox Inoculation: a Medical Revolution -- 3 - Smallpox Vaccination and its Uses from Jenner to Pasteur: 1796... to 1880-1900 -- The Birth of Vaccination -- The First Vaccination, May 14, 1796 -- The Remarkable Speed of Dissemination of the Jennerian Vaccination -- Arrival of Jennerian Vaccination in Napoleonic France, from 1800 to 1815 -- The Vaccination Technique -- Arm-to-arm Jennerian Vaccination, 1815 to 1864... or until the End of the Century! -- Vaccination and its (Major) Problems -- Are Cowpox, Horsepox, Sheeppox, Vaccinia and Smallpox the Same Disease due to a Single Agent? -- Does Vaccination Confer Permanent Protection? Is Revaccination Necessary? -- The Search for Cowpox or Horsepox to Regenerate Vaccine Strains -- Transport and Conservation of the Vaccine -- Animal Vaccine: Solution to Vaccinal Syphilis? -- How to Encourage the Population to Be Vaccinated? -- The Medical Professions and Vaccination. 4 - Inoculation (Variolation) Reaches an Impasse -- The Cattle Plague: 1744... -- Clavelisation, about 1800 -- Louis Willems and Bovine Pleuropneumonia: 1852... -- Syphilisation or Vaccination against Syphilis: 1844... -- Humans and Animals Are Inoculated (Variolated) with Almost Anything -- In Animals -- In Humans -- Conclusion -- II - Pasteur and Vaccines -- 5 - The Chicken Cholera Vaccine -- The Culture of the Chicken Cholera Germ: 1879 -- The Extraordinary Discovery of the Chicken Cholera Vaccine: 1879- -- Pasteur's Discovery and Related Controversies -- Was Pasteur Secretive and a Fraud, or a Selfless Genius? -- 6 - Cattle Anthrax and Splenic Fever in Sheep: 1880-1881... -- The History of Ruminant Anthrax -- Pasteur Investigates Ruminant Anthrax -- Henry Toussaint: an Intruder in the Field of Vaccines -- Pasteur Mounts a Counter-Attack, without Amunition -- Toussaint's Work as Seen by his Contemporaries -- The Wind Shifts: Toussaint Loses Favour -- Why the Change of Attitude among Pasteurians? -- Toussaint's Meanderings -- Toussaint Has Good Intentions but Is Overwhelmed -- Pasteur Races against Time: the Search for an Anthrax Vaccine -- The Pouilly-le-Fort Experiment (1881): Fortune Smiles upon the Daring -- Immediate Application of Anthrax Prevention -- Pasteur's Search for Human Subjects to Vaccinate: a Difficult Task -- A Forgotten Competitor: Symptomatic Anthrax Vaccine, 1882 -- 7 - The Swine Erysipelas Vaccine: 1883 -- 8 - Rabies or Hydrophobia Vaccine -- Spontaneous or Transmitted Origin of Rabies -- Clinical Signs of Rabies -- Is There a Rabies Virus? -- Rabies Diagnosis -- Preventive and Curative Rabies Treatments -- If Contracted, Rabies Was Always Fatal -- Public Health Measures for Rabies Prevention -- Rabies in Europe at the Start of Pasteur's Studies -- Rabies Experiments Before Pasteur's Era -- Vaccine is the Goal. Preventive Vaccine is the Dream -- Tackling Rabies: Where to Start? -- Passage of Rabic Virus from Monkey to Monkey -- Where to House Experimental Dogs? -- Was Rabies the Only Focus? -- Pasteur Wants to Make the Leap from Animals to Humans, but he Knows the Risk -- The Ministerial Rabies Commission -- The Pasteurians Study Rabid-Animal Nervous Tissue Virulence Preservation -- A New Immunisation Method: Spinal Cord from Rabbit Stored in Dry Flask -- Success: the Roses with their Thorns -- The First Complete Rabies Treatment: Joseph Meister, July 6, 1885 -- Who Discovered the Rabies Vaccine: Pasteur or Roux? -- Summer 1885, Brief Visit to Marrault, then Stay in Arbois -- The Second Treatment, October 1885: the Shepherd Jupille -- First Official Reports -- The Anti-Rabies Pasteurian Treatment Becomes Universal -- Diversity of Immunisation Protocols -- Effectiveness of Pasteur's Anti-Rabies Treatment -- Reaction of Contemporaries -- Failures and Reactions they Provoked -- Pasteur's Ethics in the Context of his First Rabies Treatment -- National and International Dissemination of the Method -- The Last Stages of Pasteur's Active Scientific Life -- Pasteur Today... in the Field of Vaccines -- III - Vaccines Reach Maturity -- 9 - The Arrival of the Classic Vaccines: Heralding in the New Medicine -- The Invention of Dead or Chemical Vaccines: 1884, 1885, 1886... -- The Invention of Serotherapy and Its First Application to Diphteria: 1890-1894... Then to Tetanus and Many Other Diseases -- The Priority: an Anti-Cholera Vaccine. Ferran, Haffkine: 1884, 1892... -- The First Killed Microbe Vaccine "Marketed": Anti-Typhoid Fever Vaccine - 1887, 1896... -- The Plague -- Exanthematic Typhus -- Sero-Vaccination 1895-1896... -- Auto-vaccines and Vaccinotherapy: 1902... -- From Toxins to Anatoxins/Toxoids: Ramon, Glenny: 1923. Tuberculosis and the Biliated Calmette Guérin Bacillus (BCG): 1922, 1924... -- Conjugated Vaccines: 1931... -- IV - The Modern Era -- 10 - Industrialisation of Vaccine Production -- The First Mass Cultures: Bacteria, 1884... -- Virus Production: a Difficult Problem -- In Ovo Virus Cultures, 1936, 1940... -- The Influenza Vaccine -- The First Industrial In Vitro Viruses Produced in Cell Culture,1951... -- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine -- Poliomyelitis Vaccines, Inactivated or Living Virus (1948, 1951), 1954, 1960... -- Living vaccines -- Subunit Vaccines -- 11 - Yellow Fever Vaccine -- Is Yellow Fever a Microbial or a Viral Disease? -- Finally, an Animal Model, even Two! -- Progress in Immunisation -- Some False Starts -- The First Immunisation Trials (Variolation Rather than Vaccination) with Small Doses of Normal Virus -- Inactivated Virus Vaccines (Called "Killed Virus" at the Time since their Real Nature Was still Unknown) -- Serotherapy -- Serovaccination: Simultaneous Injection of Living Virus and of Specific Immune Serum -- Theiler's Neurotropic Mouse-Adapted Virus with Virulence Modified by Various Means -- Murine Vaccine with Virulence Modified in Tissue Culture -- Large-Scale Production of the 17D Yellow Fever Vaccine -- Discussion and Controversy Surrounding the Various Yellow Fever VaccineProtocols. The Neurotropic Strain Vaccine Ceased to Be Used. A ConsensusRegarding the 17D Vaccine... -- Conclusion -- Conclusion -- Overview of the Protagonists of this Story -- Glossary or Evolution of Some Medical Concepts over Time -- Bibliography -- Index.
9782742013449
Vaccination -- History.
Electronic books.
RA638 -- .B39 2011eb
614.47
Vaccinations : A History : From Lady Montagu to Jenner and Genetic Engineering. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (551 pages) - Médecine Sciences/Sélection . - Médecine Sciences/Sélection .
Vaccination: a History -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction -- I - Prehistory -- 1 - Smallpox or Variola -- The Arrival of Smallpox in the Western World -- Ordinary Smallpox -- Various Forms of Smallpox -- Treatments -- Extent of Mortality Due to Smallpox -- 2 - Lady Montagu Brings Variolation from Turkey: 1721... -- Announcement of Variolation in the Western World: circa 1700 -- Lady Mary Wortley Montagu -- The Entry of Smallpox Inoculation in the Western World -- The First Wave of Inoculations in England: 1722-1730, and on the Continent -- Revival of Inoculation in Anglo Saxon Countries, circa 1738 -- The Situation in Continental Europe, Particularly in France -- In France, Excesses, Prohibition and Clamour -- Improvement of the Variolation Technique by the Suttons: 1760 - 1763 -- Variolation Gains Ground Gradually: the Period after the Suttons -- Was it Wise to Be Variolated in the Eighteenth Century? -- Smallpox Inoculation: a Medical Revolution -- 3 - Smallpox Vaccination and its Uses from Jenner to Pasteur: 1796... to 1880-1900 -- The Birth of Vaccination -- The First Vaccination, May 14, 1796 -- The Remarkable Speed of Dissemination of the Jennerian Vaccination -- Arrival of Jennerian Vaccination in Napoleonic France, from 1800 to 1815 -- The Vaccination Technique -- Arm-to-arm Jennerian Vaccination, 1815 to 1864... or until the End of the Century! -- Vaccination and its (Major) Problems -- Are Cowpox, Horsepox, Sheeppox, Vaccinia and Smallpox the Same Disease due to a Single Agent? -- Does Vaccination Confer Permanent Protection? Is Revaccination Necessary? -- The Search for Cowpox or Horsepox to Regenerate Vaccine Strains -- Transport and Conservation of the Vaccine -- Animal Vaccine: Solution to Vaccinal Syphilis? -- How to Encourage the Population to Be Vaccinated? -- The Medical Professions and Vaccination. 4 - Inoculation (Variolation) Reaches an Impasse -- The Cattle Plague: 1744... -- Clavelisation, about 1800 -- Louis Willems and Bovine Pleuropneumonia: 1852... -- Syphilisation or Vaccination against Syphilis: 1844... -- Humans and Animals Are Inoculated (Variolated) with Almost Anything -- In Animals -- In Humans -- Conclusion -- II - Pasteur and Vaccines -- 5 - The Chicken Cholera Vaccine -- The Culture of the Chicken Cholera Germ: 1879 -- The Extraordinary Discovery of the Chicken Cholera Vaccine: 1879- -- Pasteur's Discovery and Related Controversies -- Was Pasteur Secretive and a Fraud, or a Selfless Genius? -- 6 - Cattle Anthrax and Splenic Fever in Sheep: 1880-1881... -- The History of Ruminant Anthrax -- Pasteur Investigates Ruminant Anthrax -- Henry Toussaint: an Intruder in the Field of Vaccines -- Pasteur Mounts a Counter-Attack, without Amunition -- Toussaint's Work as Seen by his Contemporaries -- The Wind Shifts: Toussaint Loses Favour -- Why the Change of Attitude among Pasteurians? -- Toussaint's Meanderings -- Toussaint Has Good Intentions but Is Overwhelmed -- Pasteur Races against Time: the Search for an Anthrax Vaccine -- The Pouilly-le-Fort Experiment (1881): Fortune Smiles upon the Daring -- Immediate Application of Anthrax Prevention -- Pasteur's Search for Human Subjects to Vaccinate: a Difficult Task -- A Forgotten Competitor: Symptomatic Anthrax Vaccine, 1882 -- 7 - The Swine Erysipelas Vaccine: 1883 -- 8 - Rabies or Hydrophobia Vaccine -- Spontaneous or Transmitted Origin of Rabies -- Clinical Signs of Rabies -- Is There a Rabies Virus? -- Rabies Diagnosis -- Preventive and Curative Rabies Treatments -- If Contracted, Rabies Was Always Fatal -- Public Health Measures for Rabies Prevention -- Rabies in Europe at the Start of Pasteur's Studies -- Rabies Experiments Before Pasteur's Era -- Vaccine is the Goal. Preventive Vaccine is the Dream -- Tackling Rabies: Where to Start? -- Passage of Rabic Virus from Monkey to Monkey -- Where to House Experimental Dogs? -- Was Rabies the Only Focus? -- Pasteur Wants to Make the Leap from Animals to Humans, but he Knows the Risk -- The Ministerial Rabies Commission -- The Pasteurians Study Rabid-Animal Nervous Tissue Virulence Preservation -- A New Immunisation Method: Spinal Cord from Rabbit Stored in Dry Flask -- Success: the Roses with their Thorns -- The First Complete Rabies Treatment: Joseph Meister, July 6, 1885 -- Who Discovered the Rabies Vaccine: Pasteur or Roux? -- Summer 1885, Brief Visit to Marrault, then Stay in Arbois -- The Second Treatment, October 1885: the Shepherd Jupille -- First Official Reports -- The Anti-Rabies Pasteurian Treatment Becomes Universal -- Diversity of Immunisation Protocols -- Effectiveness of Pasteur's Anti-Rabies Treatment -- Reaction of Contemporaries -- Failures and Reactions they Provoked -- Pasteur's Ethics in the Context of his First Rabies Treatment -- National and International Dissemination of the Method -- The Last Stages of Pasteur's Active Scientific Life -- Pasteur Today... in the Field of Vaccines -- III - Vaccines Reach Maturity -- 9 - The Arrival of the Classic Vaccines: Heralding in the New Medicine -- The Invention of Dead or Chemical Vaccines: 1884, 1885, 1886... -- The Invention of Serotherapy and Its First Application to Diphteria: 1890-1894... Then to Tetanus and Many Other Diseases -- The Priority: an Anti-Cholera Vaccine. Ferran, Haffkine: 1884, 1892... -- The First Killed Microbe Vaccine "Marketed": Anti-Typhoid Fever Vaccine - 1887, 1896... -- The Plague -- Exanthematic Typhus -- Sero-Vaccination 1895-1896... -- Auto-vaccines and Vaccinotherapy: 1902... -- From Toxins to Anatoxins/Toxoids: Ramon, Glenny: 1923. Tuberculosis and the Biliated Calmette Guérin Bacillus (BCG): 1922, 1924... -- Conjugated Vaccines: 1931... -- IV - The Modern Era -- 10 - Industrialisation of Vaccine Production -- The First Mass Cultures: Bacteria, 1884... -- Virus Production: a Difficult Problem -- In Ovo Virus Cultures, 1936, 1940... -- The Influenza Vaccine -- The First Industrial In Vitro Viruses Produced in Cell Culture,1951... -- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine -- Poliomyelitis Vaccines, Inactivated or Living Virus (1948, 1951), 1954, 1960... -- Living vaccines -- Subunit Vaccines -- 11 - Yellow Fever Vaccine -- Is Yellow Fever a Microbial or a Viral Disease? -- Finally, an Animal Model, even Two! -- Progress in Immunisation -- Some False Starts -- The First Immunisation Trials (Variolation Rather than Vaccination) with Small Doses of Normal Virus -- Inactivated Virus Vaccines (Called "Killed Virus" at the Time since their Real Nature Was still Unknown) -- Serotherapy -- Serovaccination: Simultaneous Injection of Living Virus and of Specific Immune Serum -- Theiler's Neurotropic Mouse-Adapted Virus with Virulence Modified by Various Means -- Murine Vaccine with Virulence Modified in Tissue Culture -- Large-Scale Production of the 17D Yellow Fever Vaccine -- Discussion and Controversy Surrounding the Various Yellow Fever VaccineProtocols. The Neurotropic Strain Vaccine Ceased to Be Used. A ConsensusRegarding the 17D Vaccine... -- Conclusion -- Conclusion -- Overview of the Protagonists of this Story -- Glossary or Evolution of Some Medical Concepts over Time -- Bibliography -- Index.
9782742013449
Vaccination -- History.
Electronic books.
RA638 -- .B39 2011eb
614.47