Lipase : Functions, Synthesis and Role in Disease.
Sassi, Hamdi.
Lipase : Functions, Synthesis and Role in Disease. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (237 pages) - Biochemistry Research Trends . - Biochemistry Research Trends .
Intro -- LIPASE -- LIPASE -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- ACQUISITION OF NEW PROPERTIES UNDER THE ACTION OF LIPASES AS A BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TOOL -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. LIPASE-CATALYZED MODIFICATION OF NATURAL PRODUCTS -- 2.1. Lipase-Catalyzed Production of Lysophospholipids -- A. Natural Sources of Phospholipids -- B. Lipase-Mediated Production of LPLs -- C. Characterization of Produced LPLs -- 2.2. Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Waxes -- A. What Is Wax? -- B. Ester Composition of Waxes -- C. Wax Ester Production -- 3. LIPASE-CATALYZED SYNTHESIS OF NEW DERIVATIVES -- 3.1. Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Triglycerides in Solvent Free Media -- A. Triolein Synthesis -- B. Synthesis of Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT) -- C. Synthesis of N-3 Rich Triglycerides -- D. Trierucin Synthesis -- E. TG Synthesis: Effect of Chain Length and Unsaturation -- 3.2. Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Fatty Acid Sugar Esters (FASEs) -- A. Effect of the Initial Fatty Acid Concentration -- B. Effect of the Initial Fructose Concentration -- C. Effect of the Fatty Acid Chain Length -- D. Effect of the Water Content -- E. Effect of the Initial Hydrophobicity -- 3.3. Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Polyphenol Derivatives -- A. Effect of the Polyphenol Structure -- B. Effect of the Solvent -- C. Effect of the Acyl Donor -- E. Effect of Temperature and Reduced Pressure -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- SYNTHESIS OF ACYL SACCHARIDES AND ASCORBATES USING IMMOBILIZED LIPASE IN AN ORGANIC SOLVENT AND THEIR FUNCTIONALITIES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. FACTORS AFFECTING THE REACTION EQUILIBRIUM OF LIPASE-CATALYZED CONDENSATION -- 2.1. Equilibrium Constants for the Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Acyl Hexoses -- 2.2. Effect of the Solvent on the Reaction Equilibrium in Tertiary Alcohol and Nitrile -- 2.3. Addition of Desiccant. 2.4. Improvement of the Product Concentration by the Use of a Sugar Derivative -- 3. KINETICS FOR THE LIPASE-CATALYZED CONDENSATION -- 3.1. Reactivity of Substrates for the Lipase-Catalyzed Condensation -- 3.2. Kinetics of the Lipase-Catalyzed Condensation of Fatty Acid and Alkyl Glucoside -- 3.3. Thermostability of Immobilized Lipase in 1-Alcohol -- 4. CONTINUOUS OR SEMI-CONTINUOUS REACTOR SYSTEMS FOR LIPASE-CATALYZED CONDENSATION -- 4.1. Continuous Reactor Systems of Plug Flow Type -- 4.2. Continuous Production of Acyl Ascorbate by a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor -- 4.3. Semi-Continuous Production of Kojic Acid Ester -- 5. FUNCTIONALITIES OF THE PRODUCTS -- 5.1. Surfactant Properties of Acyl Saccharides, Ascorbates and Sugar Alcohols -- 5.2. Bacteriostatic Activities of Acyl Saccharides and Sugar Alcohols -- 5.3. Antioxidative Properties of Acyl Ascorbates and Alkyl Ferulates -- 5.4. Oxidation of Linoleoyl Residue of its Trehalose Ester in a Micelle System -- 5.5. Stability of Acyl Ascorbates -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SOLVENT-FREE BIOCATALYTIC SYNTHESIS OF POLYGLYCEROL POLYRICINOLEATE (PGPR) USING IMMOBILISED CANDIDA RUGOSA AND RHIZOPUS ARRHIZUS LIPASES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 2.1. Materials -- 2.1.1. Enzymes -- 2.1.2. Substrates -- 2.1.3. Immobilisation Reagents and Activators -- 2.1.4. Immobilisation Supports -- 2.2. Methods -- 2.2.1. Immobilisation by Covalent Binding -- 2.2.2. Immobilisation by Physical Adsorption -- 2.2.3. Synthesis of Polyricinoleic Acid, PR -- 2.2.3.1. With Free Candida rugosa Lipase -- Preliminary Studies -- Open Air Reactor Experiments -- 2.2.3.2. With Immobilised Candida rugosa Lipase vv -- Open Air Reactor Experiments -- Vacuum Reactor Experiments -- 2.2.4. Synthesis of Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate, PGPR -- 2.2.4.1. With Free Lipase -- Selection Studies. Open Air Reactor Experiments -- 2.2.4.2. With Immobilised Lipase -- Open Air Reactor Experiments -- Vacuum Reactor Experiments -- 2.2.5. Measurement of the Reaction Extension -- 2.2.6. Measurement of the Water Content -- 2.2.7. Recovery of the Immobilised Derivative -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 3.1. Condensation of Ricinoleic Acid to Obtain Polyricinoleic Acid by Candida rugosa Lipase -- 3.1.1. Preliminary Studies with Free Candida rugosa Lipase -- 3.1.2. Immobilisation of Candida rugosa Lipase -- 3.1.2.1. Choice of the Immobilised Derivative -- 3.1.2.2. Choice of Support Activator -- 3.1.2.3. Influence of Enzyme Concentration and pH -- 3.1.2.4. Effect of Mixing in the Immobilisation Process -- 3.1.2.5. Comparison of Free and Immobilised Lipase -- 3.1.2.6. Reuse of the Immobilised Derivative -- 3.1.3. Production of Polyricinoleic Acid with Immobilised Candida rugosa Lipase -- 3.1.3.1. Influence of the Amount of Enzyme -- 3.1.3.2. Influence of the Temperature -- 3.1.3.3. Influence of the Initial Water Content -- 3.1.3.3. Influence of Pressure and Water Content -- 3.2. Esterification of Polyricinoleic Acid with Polyglycerol to Obtain PGPR -- 3.2.1. Screening and Selection of Lipases for the Enzymatic Production of PGPR -- 3.2.1.1. Selection of Lipases -- 3.2.1.2. Immobilisation of the Selected Lipases -- 3.2.2. Synthesis of Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate with Rhizopus arrhizus Lipase -- 3.2.2.1. Influence of Initial Water Content -- 3.2.2.2. Influence of Temperature -- 3.2.2.3. Influence of the Amount of Enzyme -- 3.2.2.4. Lipase Immobilisation and Comparison with Free Enzyme -- 3.2.2.5. Reuse of the Immobilised Derivative -- 3.2.2.6. Obtaining PGPR in the Vacuum Reactor -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- FUNGAL LIPASES: VERSATILE TOOLS FOR BIOCATALYSIS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGAL LIPASES. BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF FUNGAL LIPASES -- 1. Food Industry -- Fats and Oil Industry -- Dairy Industry -- Flavor Production -- Bakery Industry -- 2. Detergent Industry -- 3. Agrochemicals -- 4. Biopolymers -- 5. Biodiesel Production -- 6. Environmental Management -- 7. Biomedical Applications -- 8. Cosmetics -- 9. Biosensors -- 10. Pulp and Paper Industry -- 11. Textile Industry -- 12. Leather Industry -- REFERENCES -- SECRETED PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 INHIBITORS FROM CYNARA CARDUNCULUS L.AND ALOE VERA EXTRACTS AS POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC DRUG FOR INFLAMMATORY DISEASES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIAL AND METHODS -- Enzymes and Reagents -- Extractions -- Fractionation of Compounds -- Assay of sPLA2 Activity -- Total Phenols Determination -- Assays of Antioxidant Activity -- DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay -- Reducing Power Assay -- Statistical Analysis and Correlation Study -- RESULTS -- Extraction Yields of Cynara Cardunculus and Aloe Vera -- Total Phenolic Contents of Aloe Vera -- Antioxidant Activity of Aloe Vera -- DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity -- Reducing Power Assay -- Evaluation of the PLA2 Inhibitory Effect -- Leaves of Cynara Cardunculus -- Stems of Cynara Cardunculus L. -- Leaf Skin of Aloe Vera -- Correlation Significance Study -- DISCUSSION -- Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cynara Cardunculus L -- Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Aloe Vera -- REFERENCES -- LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE ACTIVITY IN SICKLE CELL NEPHROPATHY: A REVIEW -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- RENAL CHANGES IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE -- RATE OF SYNTHESIS OF LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE -- Subclass -- EFFECT OF RACE, ENVIROMENT AND SEX ON LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE -- Effect of Race and Environment -- Effect of Sex -- LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE -- EFFECTS OF ALTERED LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE ON LIPOPROTEINS IN SICKLE CELL NEPHROPATHY. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DYSLIPIDAEMIA IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE -- EFFECT OF INFLAMMATION AND ANTIOXIDANTS ON LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE -- POLYMORPHISM IN GENES THAT CODE FOR LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE AND ASSOCIATION WITH LIPID METABOLISM -- REFERENCES -- LIPASES IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: AN APPROACH FOR RACEMIC DRUGS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MICROBIAL LIPASES -- Production of Microbial Lipases -- Purification, Characterization and Immobilization of Microbial Lipases -- RACEMIC DRUGS -- General Aspects -- LIPASES ON RACEMIC DRUGS -- Hydrolysys Reactions -- Esterification Reactions -- Transesterification Reactions -- Amidation Reactions -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- YEAST CELL SURFACE DISPLAY OF LIPASES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DEVELOPED SYSTEMS FOR YEAST SURFACE DISPLAY OF PROTEINS -- C-Terminal System of Cell Surface Display -- N-Terminal System of Cell Surface Display -- LIPASE CELL SURFACE DISPLAY -- Display of Lip2 on the Cell Surface of Y. Lipolytica -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- MICROBIAL LIPASES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN STRUCTURED LIPIDS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MICROBIAL LIPASES -- STRUCTURED LIPIDS -- Generic Aspects -- BIOCHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS OF STRUCTURED LIPIDS -- OBTAINING STRUCTURED LIPIDS USING MICROBIAL LIPASES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.
9781620813942
Lipase -- Industrial applications.
Lipase -- Therapeutic use.
Electronic books.
QP609.L5 -- L55 2012eb
572.757
Lipase : Functions, Synthesis and Role in Disease. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (237 pages) - Biochemistry Research Trends . - Biochemistry Research Trends .
Intro -- LIPASE -- LIPASE -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- ACQUISITION OF NEW PROPERTIES UNDER THE ACTION OF LIPASES AS A BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TOOL -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. LIPASE-CATALYZED MODIFICATION OF NATURAL PRODUCTS -- 2.1. Lipase-Catalyzed Production of Lysophospholipids -- A. Natural Sources of Phospholipids -- B. Lipase-Mediated Production of LPLs -- C. Characterization of Produced LPLs -- 2.2. Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Waxes -- A. What Is Wax? -- B. Ester Composition of Waxes -- C. Wax Ester Production -- 3. LIPASE-CATALYZED SYNTHESIS OF NEW DERIVATIVES -- 3.1. Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Triglycerides in Solvent Free Media -- A. Triolein Synthesis -- B. Synthesis of Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT) -- C. Synthesis of N-3 Rich Triglycerides -- D. Trierucin Synthesis -- E. TG Synthesis: Effect of Chain Length and Unsaturation -- 3.2. Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Fatty Acid Sugar Esters (FASEs) -- A. Effect of the Initial Fatty Acid Concentration -- B. Effect of the Initial Fructose Concentration -- C. Effect of the Fatty Acid Chain Length -- D. Effect of the Water Content -- E. Effect of the Initial Hydrophobicity -- 3.3. Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Polyphenol Derivatives -- A. Effect of the Polyphenol Structure -- B. Effect of the Solvent -- C. Effect of the Acyl Donor -- E. Effect of Temperature and Reduced Pressure -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- SYNTHESIS OF ACYL SACCHARIDES AND ASCORBATES USING IMMOBILIZED LIPASE IN AN ORGANIC SOLVENT AND THEIR FUNCTIONALITIES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. FACTORS AFFECTING THE REACTION EQUILIBRIUM OF LIPASE-CATALYZED CONDENSATION -- 2.1. Equilibrium Constants for the Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Acyl Hexoses -- 2.2. Effect of the Solvent on the Reaction Equilibrium in Tertiary Alcohol and Nitrile -- 2.3. Addition of Desiccant. 2.4. Improvement of the Product Concentration by the Use of a Sugar Derivative -- 3. KINETICS FOR THE LIPASE-CATALYZED CONDENSATION -- 3.1. Reactivity of Substrates for the Lipase-Catalyzed Condensation -- 3.2. Kinetics of the Lipase-Catalyzed Condensation of Fatty Acid and Alkyl Glucoside -- 3.3. Thermostability of Immobilized Lipase in 1-Alcohol -- 4. CONTINUOUS OR SEMI-CONTINUOUS REACTOR SYSTEMS FOR LIPASE-CATALYZED CONDENSATION -- 4.1. Continuous Reactor Systems of Plug Flow Type -- 4.2. Continuous Production of Acyl Ascorbate by a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor -- 4.3. Semi-Continuous Production of Kojic Acid Ester -- 5. FUNCTIONALITIES OF THE PRODUCTS -- 5.1. Surfactant Properties of Acyl Saccharides, Ascorbates and Sugar Alcohols -- 5.2. Bacteriostatic Activities of Acyl Saccharides and Sugar Alcohols -- 5.3. Antioxidative Properties of Acyl Ascorbates and Alkyl Ferulates -- 5.4. Oxidation of Linoleoyl Residue of its Trehalose Ester in a Micelle System -- 5.5. Stability of Acyl Ascorbates -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SOLVENT-FREE BIOCATALYTIC SYNTHESIS OF POLYGLYCEROL POLYRICINOLEATE (PGPR) USING IMMOBILISED CANDIDA RUGOSA AND RHIZOPUS ARRHIZUS LIPASES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 2.1. Materials -- 2.1.1. Enzymes -- 2.1.2. Substrates -- 2.1.3. Immobilisation Reagents and Activators -- 2.1.4. Immobilisation Supports -- 2.2. Methods -- 2.2.1. Immobilisation by Covalent Binding -- 2.2.2. Immobilisation by Physical Adsorption -- 2.2.3. Synthesis of Polyricinoleic Acid, PR -- 2.2.3.1. With Free Candida rugosa Lipase -- Preliminary Studies -- Open Air Reactor Experiments -- 2.2.3.2. With Immobilised Candida rugosa Lipase vv -- Open Air Reactor Experiments -- Vacuum Reactor Experiments -- 2.2.4. Synthesis of Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate, PGPR -- 2.2.4.1. With Free Lipase -- Selection Studies. Open Air Reactor Experiments -- 2.2.4.2. With Immobilised Lipase -- Open Air Reactor Experiments -- Vacuum Reactor Experiments -- 2.2.5. Measurement of the Reaction Extension -- 2.2.6. Measurement of the Water Content -- 2.2.7. Recovery of the Immobilised Derivative -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 3.1. Condensation of Ricinoleic Acid to Obtain Polyricinoleic Acid by Candida rugosa Lipase -- 3.1.1. Preliminary Studies with Free Candida rugosa Lipase -- 3.1.2. Immobilisation of Candida rugosa Lipase -- 3.1.2.1. Choice of the Immobilised Derivative -- 3.1.2.2. Choice of Support Activator -- 3.1.2.3. Influence of Enzyme Concentration and pH -- 3.1.2.4. Effect of Mixing in the Immobilisation Process -- 3.1.2.5. Comparison of Free and Immobilised Lipase -- 3.1.2.6. Reuse of the Immobilised Derivative -- 3.1.3. Production of Polyricinoleic Acid with Immobilised Candida rugosa Lipase -- 3.1.3.1. Influence of the Amount of Enzyme -- 3.1.3.2. Influence of the Temperature -- 3.1.3.3. Influence of the Initial Water Content -- 3.1.3.3. Influence of Pressure and Water Content -- 3.2. Esterification of Polyricinoleic Acid with Polyglycerol to Obtain PGPR -- 3.2.1. Screening and Selection of Lipases for the Enzymatic Production of PGPR -- 3.2.1.1. Selection of Lipases -- 3.2.1.2. Immobilisation of the Selected Lipases -- 3.2.2. Synthesis of Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate with Rhizopus arrhizus Lipase -- 3.2.2.1. Influence of Initial Water Content -- 3.2.2.2. Influence of Temperature -- 3.2.2.3. Influence of the Amount of Enzyme -- 3.2.2.4. Lipase Immobilisation and Comparison with Free Enzyme -- 3.2.2.5. Reuse of the Immobilised Derivative -- 3.2.2.6. Obtaining PGPR in the Vacuum Reactor -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- FUNGAL LIPASES: VERSATILE TOOLS FOR BIOCATALYSIS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGAL LIPASES. BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF FUNGAL LIPASES -- 1. Food Industry -- Fats and Oil Industry -- Dairy Industry -- Flavor Production -- Bakery Industry -- 2. Detergent Industry -- 3. Agrochemicals -- 4. Biopolymers -- 5. Biodiesel Production -- 6. Environmental Management -- 7. Biomedical Applications -- 8. Cosmetics -- 9. Biosensors -- 10. Pulp and Paper Industry -- 11. Textile Industry -- 12. Leather Industry -- REFERENCES -- SECRETED PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 INHIBITORS FROM CYNARA CARDUNCULUS L.AND ALOE VERA EXTRACTS AS POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC DRUG FOR INFLAMMATORY DISEASES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIAL AND METHODS -- Enzymes and Reagents -- Extractions -- Fractionation of Compounds -- Assay of sPLA2 Activity -- Total Phenols Determination -- Assays of Antioxidant Activity -- DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay -- Reducing Power Assay -- Statistical Analysis and Correlation Study -- RESULTS -- Extraction Yields of Cynara Cardunculus and Aloe Vera -- Total Phenolic Contents of Aloe Vera -- Antioxidant Activity of Aloe Vera -- DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity -- Reducing Power Assay -- Evaluation of the PLA2 Inhibitory Effect -- Leaves of Cynara Cardunculus -- Stems of Cynara Cardunculus L. -- Leaf Skin of Aloe Vera -- Correlation Significance Study -- DISCUSSION -- Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cynara Cardunculus L -- Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Aloe Vera -- REFERENCES -- LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE ACTIVITY IN SICKLE CELL NEPHROPATHY: A REVIEW -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- RENAL CHANGES IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE -- RATE OF SYNTHESIS OF LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE -- Subclass -- EFFECT OF RACE, ENVIROMENT AND SEX ON LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE -- Effect of Race and Environment -- Effect of Sex -- LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE -- EFFECTS OF ALTERED LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE ON LIPOPROTEINS IN SICKLE CELL NEPHROPATHY. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DYSLIPIDAEMIA IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE -- EFFECT OF INFLAMMATION AND ANTIOXIDANTS ON LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE -- POLYMORPHISM IN GENES THAT CODE FOR LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE AND ASSOCIATION WITH LIPID METABOLISM -- REFERENCES -- LIPASES IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: AN APPROACH FOR RACEMIC DRUGS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MICROBIAL LIPASES -- Production of Microbial Lipases -- Purification, Characterization and Immobilization of Microbial Lipases -- RACEMIC DRUGS -- General Aspects -- LIPASES ON RACEMIC DRUGS -- Hydrolysys Reactions -- Esterification Reactions -- Transesterification Reactions -- Amidation Reactions -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- YEAST CELL SURFACE DISPLAY OF LIPASES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- DEVELOPED SYSTEMS FOR YEAST SURFACE DISPLAY OF PROTEINS -- C-Terminal System of Cell Surface Display -- N-Terminal System of Cell Surface Display -- LIPASE CELL SURFACE DISPLAY -- Display of Lip2 on the Cell Surface of Y. Lipolytica -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- MICROBIAL LIPASES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN STRUCTURED LIPIDS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MICROBIAL LIPASES -- STRUCTURED LIPIDS -- Generic Aspects -- BIOCHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS OF STRUCTURED LIPIDS -- OBTAINING STRUCTURED LIPIDS USING MICROBIAL LIPASES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.
9781620813942
Lipase -- Industrial applications.
Lipase -- Therapeutic use.
Electronic books.
QP609.L5 -- L55 2012eb
572.757