Rheumatoid Arthritis : Prevalence, Risk Factors and Health Effects.
Madsen, Michael H.
Rheumatoid Arthritis : Prevalence, Risk Factors and Health Effects. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (202 pages) - Immunology and Immune System Disorders . - Immunology and Immune System Disorders .
Intro -- RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS AND HEALTH EFFECTS -- RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS AND HEALTH EFFECTS -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Pathogenesis Mechanism and Cardiovascular Risk Factors for Arteriosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Importance and Implications of Early Diagnosis -- 1. The Impact of Cardiovascular Disease on Morbimortality in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 2. The Pathogenesis of Accelerated Arteriosclerosis in RA -- 2.1. Inflammatory Mechanisms in the Formation of Atheromatous Plaques -- Endothelial Dysfunction -- 2.2. The Metabolic and Vascular Effects of Systemic Inflammation in RA -- 2.2.1. Endothelial Dysfunction In RA -- 2.2.2. CD4+/CD28null Lymphocytes -- 2.2.3. Haemostasis -- 2.3. Classic Vascular Risk Factors -- 2.3.1. Arterial Hypertension (AHT) -- 2.3.2. Smoking -- 2.3.3. Obesity -- 2.3.4. Dyslipidemia -- 2.3.5. Insulin Resistance -- 2.4. New Vascular Risk Factors -- 2.4.1. Homocysteine -- 2.4.2. Lipoprotein(a) -- 2.4.3. Fibrinogen -- 2.4.4. Microalbuminuria -- 2.4.5. Oxidative Stress -- 2.4.6. Type B Natriuretic Peptide -- 2.5. The Effects of Antirheumatic Drugs on Vascular Disease -- 2.5.1. Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatories -- 2.5.2. Steroids -- 2.5.3. Disease-Modifying Drugs -- 2.5.3.1. Methotrexate -- 2.5.3. Other Disease-Modifying Drugs -- 2.5.4. Anti-TNF -- 2.5.4.1. Antitnfα And Its Involvement In Advanced Cardiac Insufficiency -- 2.5.4.2. The Beneficial Effect Of Anti-Tnfα In Endothelial Dysfunction -- 2.5.4.3. Changes In The Pro-Atherogenic Lipid Profile Brought About By Anti-Tnfα -- 2.5.4.3 Reduced Insulin Resistance After Treatment With Anti-Tnfα -- 2.6. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Statins in RA -- 3. Subclinical Arteriosclerosis. The Importance of Its Diagnosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 4. Diagnostic Methods for Subclinical Arteriosclerosis. 4.1. Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) -- 4.2. Carotid Ultrasound -- 4.3. Quantification of Coronary Calcium by Computerised Axial Tomography -- 5. Research into Subclinical Arteriosclerosis in AR -- 5.1. Peripheral Vascular Disease -- 5.2. Carotid Disease -- 5.3. Coronary Heart Disease -- 5.4. Electrocardiographic Alterations -- References -- Chapter 2 A Review on Neurobiomechanical Changes in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 1.1. Rheumatoid Arthritis- A General Perspective -- 1.2. Pathophysiology -- 1.3. Symptoms -- 1.4. Factors Contributing to Functional Loss in Arthritis -- 1.4.1. Muscle Function in Joint Disorders -- 1.4.2. Joint Distension and Muscle Weakness -- 1.4.3. Arthrogenic Muscle Inhibition -- 1.4.4. Muscle Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 1.4.5. Joint Stiffness as a Contributor to Disability in Arthritis -- 1.4.6. Pain as a Contributor to Disability In RA -- 1.5. Current Methods for Assessment of Functional Disability in RA -- 1.5.1. Components of Joint Stiffness -- 1.5.2. Joint Stiffness in RA -- 1.6. Contribution of Structures Other than the Joint -- 1.7. Quantification of Stiffness -- 1.8. Reflex Contribution to Joint Stiffness -- 1.9. Anatomy of the Stretch Reflex -- 1.10. Reflex Studies Employing a Phasic Stretch Stimulus -- 1.11. Reflex Studies Employing Tonic Stretch Stimulus -- 1.12. Joint Dynamics -- 1.13. Task Dependent Modulation of Stretch Reflexes -- 1.14. Contribution of Intrinsic Muscle Properties to Joint Stiffness -- 1.15. Thixotropy and Joint Stiffness -- 1.16. Modification of Sensory Perception at the Joint -- 1.17. Peripheral Nociceptive Mechanisms in RA -- 1.18. Pain and Reflexes -- 1.19. Summary -- References -- Chapter 3 Hand Involvement and Its Effects on Quality of Life in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Pathogenesis -- 1) Tendinitis-Tenosynovitis -- 2) Tendon Rupture. 3) Deformities and Subluxation -- A. The Wrist Joint -- B. Metacarpophalangeal Joint -- C. Finger Joint -- D. The Thumb -- 4) Entrapment Neuropathy -- 5) Nodule -- The Evaluation of the Hand Functions -- Rehabilitation of the Rheumatoid Hand -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Relevance of Genetic Risk Factors in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Genetic Risk Factors -- First-Degree Relatives -- Twin Studies -- The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) -- Application of Candidate Gene/Region Studies -- Expanding List of Known Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk Variants: Genome-Wide Association Studies -- Subsets of Disease -- Ethnic Differences -- Implicated Pathways in Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk? -- Common Variants/Multiple Diseases -- Structural Variants -- Take-Home Messages -- References -- Chapter 5 Long-Term Results of Computer-Assisted Cervical Reconstruction for Cervical Disorders in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Navigation and Surgical Procedures -- X-Ray Assessment -- Results -- Case Presentations -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 The Impact of Rheumatic Arthritis on Sexual Function -- Introduction -- The Sexual Function in RA Patients -- Impact of Physical and Psychological Variables in Sexual Function in RA Patients -- Impact of RA in Couple's Relationship -- Treatment Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 7 Role of T Cells in Human Osteoclastogenesis - Bone Destruction of Rheumatoid Arthritis via Cytokines from T Cells -- Abstract -- Introduction -- 1. Osteoclasts -- 2. T Cells Producing RANKL -- 3. Th17 Cells Producing IL-17 -- 1) IL-17 -- 2) Th17 -- 4. Th1 Cells Producing IFN-γ -- 5. Regulatory T Cells -- 6. Cell-Cell Fusion in Osteoclastogenesis -- 7. Dexamethasone -- 8. Tacrolimus -- 9. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP). Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8 Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients with Rheumatoid and Psoriatic Arthritis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Population -- IMT of the Common Carotid Arteries -- Serum Ox-LDL and NO Levels -- Statistical Analysis -- Results -- Serum Ox-LDL Levels in RA and PsA Patients -- Serum NO Levels in RA and PsA Patients -- Association of Serum Ox-LDL and NO Levels with Baseline Characteristics of Patients -- Conclusion -- References -- Index -- Blank Page.
9781611222869
Rheumatoid arthritis.
Autoimmune diseases.
Electronic books.
RC933 -- .R42874 2011eb
616.7/227
Rheumatoid Arthritis : Prevalence, Risk Factors and Health Effects. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (202 pages) - Immunology and Immune System Disorders . - Immunology and Immune System Disorders .
Intro -- RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS AND HEALTH EFFECTS -- RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS AND HEALTH EFFECTS -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Pathogenesis Mechanism and Cardiovascular Risk Factors for Arteriosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Importance and Implications of Early Diagnosis -- 1. The Impact of Cardiovascular Disease on Morbimortality in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 2. The Pathogenesis of Accelerated Arteriosclerosis in RA -- 2.1. Inflammatory Mechanisms in the Formation of Atheromatous Plaques -- Endothelial Dysfunction -- 2.2. The Metabolic and Vascular Effects of Systemic Inflammation in RA -- 2.2.1. Endothelial Dysfunction In RA -- 2.2.2. CD4+/CD28null Lymphocytes -- 2.2.3. Haemostasis -- 2.3. Classic Vascular Risk Factors -- 2.3.1. Arterial Hypertension (AHT) -- 2.3.2. Smoking -- 2.3.3. Obesity -- 2.3.4. Dyslipidemia -- 2.3.5. Insulin Resistance -- 2.4. New Vascular Risk Factors -- 2.4.1. Homocysteine -- 2.4.2. Lipoprotein(a) -- 2.4.3. Fibrinogen -- 2.4.4. Microalbuminuria -- 2.4.5. Oxidative Stress -- 2.4.6. Type B Natriuretic Peptide -- 2.5. The Effects of Antirheumatic Drugs on Vascular Disease -- 2.5.1. Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatories -- 2.5.2. Steroids -- 2.5.3. Disease-Modifying Drugs -- 2.5.3.1. Methotrexate -- 2.5.3. Other Disease-Modifying Drugs -- 2.5.4. Anti-TNF -- 2.5.4.1. Antitnfα And Its Involvement In Advanced Cardiac Insufficiency -- 2.5.4.2. The Beneficial Effect Of Anti-Tnfα In Endothelial Dysfunction -- 2.5.4.3. Changes In The Pro-Atherogenic Lipid Profile Brought About By Anti-Tnfα -- 2.5.4.3 Reduced Insulin Resistance After Treatment With Anti-Tnfα -- 2.6. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Statins in RA -- 3. Subclinical Arteriosclerosis. The Importance of Its Diagnosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 4. Diagnostic Methods for Subclinical Arteriosclerosis. 4.1. Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) -- 4.2. Carotid Ultrasound -- 4.3. Quantification of Coronary Calcium by Computerised Axial Tomography -- 5. Research into Subclinical Arteriosclerosis in AR -- 5.1. Peripheral Vascular Disease -- 5.2. Carotid Disease -- 5.3. Coronary Heart Disease -- 5.4. Electrocardiographic Alterations -- References -- Chapter 2 A Review on Neurobiomechanical Changes in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 1.1. Rheumatoid Arthritis- A General Perspective -- 1.2. Pathophysiology -- 1.3. Symptoms -- 1.4. Factors Contributing to Functional Loss in Arthritis -- 1.4.1. Muscle Function in Joint Disorders -- 1.4.2. Joint Distension and Muscle Weakness -- 1.4.3. Arthrogenic Muscle Inhibition -- 1.4.4. Muscle Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- 1.4.5. Joint Stiffness as a Contributor to Disability in Arthritis -- 1.4.6. Pain as a Contributor to Disability In RA -- 1.5. Current Methods for Assessment of Functional Disability in RA -- 1.5.1. Components of Joint Stiffness -- 1.5.2. Joint Stiffness in RA -- 1.6. Contribution of Structures Other than the Joint -- 1.7. Quantification of Stiffness -- 1.8. Reflex Contribution to Joint Stiffness -- 1.9. Anatomy of the Stretch Reflex -- 1.10. Reflex Studies Employing a Phasic Stretch Stimulus -- 1.11. Reflex Studies Employing Tonic Stretch Stimulus -- 1.12. Joint Dynamics -- 1.13. Task Dependent Modulation of Stretch Reflexes -- 1.14. Contribution of Intrinsic Muscle Properties to Joint Stiffness -- 1.15. Thixotropy and Joint Stiffness -- 1.16. Modification of Sensory Perception at the Joint -- 1.17. Peripheral Nociceptive Mechanisms in RA -- 1.18. Pain and Reflexes -- 1.19. Summary -- References -- Chapter 3 Hand Involvement and Its Effects on Quality of Life in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Pathogenesis -- 1) Tendinitis-Tenosynovitis -- 2) Tendon Rupture. 3) Deformities and Subluxation -- A. The Wrist Joint -- B. Metacarpophalangeal Joint -- C. Finger Joint -- D. The Thumb -- 4) Entrapment Neuropathy -- 5) Nodule -- The Evaluation of the Hand Functions -- Rehabilitation of the Rheumatoid Hand -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Relevance of Genetic Risk Factors in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Genetic Risk Factors -- First-Degree Relatives -- Twin Studies -- The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) -- Application of Candidate Gene/Region Studies -- Expanding List of Known Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk Variants: Genome-Wide Association Studies -- Subsets of Disease -- Ethnic Differences -- Implicated Pathways in Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk? -- Common Variants/Multiple Diseases -- Structural Variants -- Take-Home Messages -- References -- Chapter 5 Long-Term Results of Computer-Assisted Cervical Reconstruction for Cervical Disorders in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Navigation and Surgical Procedures -- X-Ray Assessment -- Results -- Case Presentations -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 The Impact of Rheumatic Arthritis on Sexual Function -- Introduction -- The Sexual Function in RA Patients -- Impact of Physical and Psychological Variables in Sexual Function in RA Patients -- Impact of RA in Couple's Relationship -- Treatment Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 7 Role of T Cells in Human Osteoclastogenesis - Bone Destruction of Rheumatoid Arthritis via Cytokines from T Cells -- Abstract -- Introduction -- 1. Osteoclasts -- 2. T Cells Producing RANKL -- 3. Th17 Cells Producing IL-17 -- 1) IL-17 -- 2) Th17 -- 4. Th1 Cells Producing IFN-γ -- 5. Regulatory T Cells -- 6. Cell-Cell Fusion in Osteoclastogenesis -- 7. Dexamethasone -- 8. Tacrolimus -- 9. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP). Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8 Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients with Rheumatoid and Psoriatic Arthritis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Study Population -- IMT of the Common Carotid Arteries -- Serum Ox-LDL and NO Levels -- Statistical Analysis -- Results -- Serum Ox-LDL Levels in RA and PsA Patients -- Serum NO Levels in RA and PsA Patients -- Association of Serum Ox-LDL and NO Levels with Baseline Characteristics of Patients -- Conclusion -- References -- Index -- Blank Page.
9781611222869
Rheumatoid arthritis.
Autoimmune diseases.
Electronic books.
RC933 -- .R42874 2011eb
616.7/227