Tsunamis : Causes, Characteristics, Warnings and Protection.
Veitch, Neil.
Tsunamis : Causes, Characteristics, Warnings and Protection. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (277 pages) - Natural Disaster Research, Prediction and Mitigation . - Natural Disaster Research, Prediction and Mitigation .
Intro -- TSUNAMIS: CAUSES, CHARACTERISTICS, WARNINGS AND PROTECTION -- TSUNAMIS: CAUSES, CHARACTERISTICS, WARNINGS AND PROTECTION -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1TSUNAMIS AND POISONOUS GASES GENERATEDBY ASTEROID IMPACT IN THE BLACK SEA -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Contemporary Black Sea Conditions -- 3. Recent Black Sea Tsunami Run-Up Events -- 4. Asteroid Impacts on Earth -- 5. Frequency of Asteroid Impacts in Black Sea -- 6. Effects of an Asteroid Impacting the Black Sea -- 7. Tsunami Dynamics -- 7.1. Numerical Approach -- 7.2. General Features of Tsunamiclaw -- 7.3. Results -- 8. Hydrogen Sulfide Cloud Dynamics -- 8.1. Information about Hydrogen Sulfide -- 8.2. Hydrogen Sulfide Cloud Generation -- 8.3. Model of Hydrogen Sulfide Down-Wind Dispersion -- 8.4. Model Implementation -- 8.4.1. Population Distribution -- 8.4.2. Wind Data -- 8.4.3. Results and Discussions -- 9. Risks for Nuclear Explosions -- 10. Possible Social Impacts and Prevention -- 11. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2TSUNAMI SIMULATION RESEARCH AND MITIGATIONPROGRAMS IN MALAYSIA POST 2004 ANDAMANTSUNAMI -- Abstract -- Introduction: 26 December 2004 Tsunami -- Post Tsunami Research Activities in Malaysia -- Arrival Time, Runup and Inundation -- Damage along Malaysian Coasts -- Shallow Water Equations -- Numerical Model Tuna -- Tuna vs. Comcot -- Simulation Results -- Beach Runup -- Manham -- Role of Mangrove -- Numerical Algorithm -- An Illustrative Example -- Penang Case Study -- Forest Width 1000 M -- Forest Width 500 M -- Towards Tsunami Resilient Communities -- SCSTW3 -- Academy of Sciences Malaysia -- MMD Established Mntews -- Tsunami Buoys in South China Sea -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 32004 - TSUNAMI CHARACTERISTICS OF WOUNDS -- Abstract -- 2004 - Tsunami Characteristics of Wounds -- 2004 - Thailand Tsunami [5,18]. Injury and Wound Mechanics -- Treatment -- Recommendation and Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 4APPLICATION OF COASTAL FOREST IN TSUNAMIDISASTER MITIGATION -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Tsunami and Coastal Forest: Problems and Prospects -- 3. The General Role of Coastal Forest in the Reduction ofTsunami Disaster and Important Factors in Their Interaction -- 4. Survival Capacity of a Coastal Forest against Tsunami -- Minimum Trunk Diameter -- Wave Thrust and Tree Breaking Moment -- 5. Effect of Forest Density on the Reduction of Tsunami Flow -- Forest Density for Low-Inundation -- Forest Density for High-Inundation -- The Importance of Variation in the Forest Components -- Effect of Trees Arrangement in the Forest -- 6. Effect of Forest Width on the Reduction of Tsunami Flow -- 7. Effects of Forest Ground Topography -- 8. Implementation -- 9. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5COASTAL PROTECTION MEASURES FOR TSUNAMIDISASTER REDUCTION -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Tsunami Run-Up Height -- General -- Estimation of Tsunami Run-Up Height -- Coastal Protection Measures against Tsunami -- Hard Structures -- Seawalls and Groins -- Breakwaters -- Natural Barriers -- Mangrove -- Other Natural Barriers -- Effect of Coastal Forests on Tsunami Run-Up Height -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6RESPONSE OF COASTAL VEGETATIONAND THE NEED FOR GREEN BELTSALONG THE TAMIL NADU COAST, INDIA:THE DECEMBER 2004 TSUNAMI EXPERIENCE -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Vegetation along Tamil Nadu Coast -- Methods -- Response of Coastal Vegetation to the Tsunami Attack -- Role of Sheltered Coasts Compared to Built-Up Coasts -- Post Tsunami Restoration Efforts -- Need for Functional Green Belts -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 72004 TSUNAMI INUNDATION AND EVIDENCEFOR EARLIER EVENTS -A CASE STUDYFROM SRI LANKA -- Abstract. Introduction -- Methods of Study -- Identification of Recent Tsunami Sediments -- Paleo-Tsunami Sediments from Sri Lanka -- Assemblages of Microfossils in Tsunami Sediments -- Distribution Of Microfossils In Tsunami Sediments -- a. Recent Tsunami Sediment -- b. Paleo-Tsunami Sediment - 30 cm below the Present Ground Level -- c. Paleo-Tsunami Sediment - 75 cm below the Present Ground Level -- Ages of Tsunami Sediments -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Web References -- Chapter 8INDIAN OCEAN EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI:HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCEAND RELIEF OPERATIONS* -- Abstract -- Contributing Authors and Subject Areas -- Most Recent Developments -- Legislation [3] -- Early Warning -- Recent Developments on Selected Countries -- Indonesia -- Sri Lanka -- Maldives -- Malaysia -- India -- Thailand -- Background [12] -- Introduction -- Comparisons to Past Disasters [14] -- Current Situation [16] -- Health -- Relief Operations and Aid Delivery -- Protection for Children and Separated Orphans [22] -- Background -- Tsunami Orphans: The Tsunami Generation -- Humanitarian Response: U.S. and International Assistance [26] -- U.S. Emergency Assistance to the Region -- The U.S. Emergency Response Mechanism -- Legislation [40] -- International Emergency Assistance to the Region -- International Donor Conferences -- Situation Report on Countries Affected by the Tsunami -- Indonesia [47] -- Sri Lanka [49] -- India [63] -- Thailand [79] -- Burma [86] -- The Maldives [87] -- Diego Garcia [95] -- Malaysia [97] -- Bangladesh [102] -- Somalia [106] -- Kenya -- Tanzania -- Seychelles -- Madagascar -- Mauritius -- Reunion (French Territory) -- South Africa -- Issues for Congress [117] -- Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction Issues -- Burdensharing -- Competing Aid and Budget Priorities [122] -- Transparency -- Debt Relief. Implications for Other U.S. Foreign Policy Interests -- The War on Terrorism -- Countering Negative Images of the United States -- Early Warning Systems: International Scientific, Technologicaland Other Challenges [129] -- Aid to Indonesia and the Leahy Amendment -- Appendix 1. U.S. Assistance to Selected Countries Affectedby the Indian Ocean Tsunami -- List of Aid-Related Abbreviations -- Appendix 2. Child Protection Issuesin Tsunami- Affected Countries -- Indonesia -- Thailand -- Sri Lanka -- India -- Malaysia -- References -- Chapter 9TSUNAMIS: MONITORING, DETECTION,AND EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS* -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Proposals for International Tsunami Early Warning Systems -- Challenges -- Proposals -- U.S. Tsunami Programs -- Tsunami Warnings -- U.S. Operations and Research -- Related U.S. Programs -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter10TSUNAMIS,GENERATIONANDMATHEMATICALMODELING -- Abstract -- 1.Introduction -- GenerationofTsunamis -- 2.Preliminary -- 3.MovingBottom -- 4.TsunamisfromPhysicalPointofView -- 5.SomeImportantConceptsandIllustrativeQuestions -- 5.1.SomeConceptsaboutTsunamis -- 5.2.IllustrativeAnswersfortheMostFrequentlyAskedQuestions -- 6.TheGreatestHistoricalCatastrophes -- 7.VisualizationCollectionsofTsunamis -- MathematicalModelling -- 8.LinearTheoryofTsunamisGeneratedbyMovingBottom -- 9.Non-linearMathematicalModelingofTsunamis -- 10.TsunamiandtheBoussinesqEquation -- 11.SolutionofNonlinearBoussinesqEquation -- 11.1.UsingthetanhMethod -- 11.2.UsingAdomianDecompositionMethod -- 12.NumericalApplications -- Conclusion -- References -- GeneralBibliography -- INDEX -- Blank Page.
9781611225709
Tsunamis -- Environmental aspects.
Tidal waves -- Environmental aspects.
Electronic books.
GC221.2 -- .T785 2010eb
363.34/94
Tsunamis : Causes, Characteristics, Warnings and Protection. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (277 pages) - Natural Disaster Research, Prediction and Mitigation . - Natural Disaster Research, Prediction and Mitigation .
Intro -- TSUNAMIS: CAUSES, CHARACTERISTICS, WARNINGS AND PROTECTION -- TSUNAMIS: CAUSES, CHARACTERISTICS, WARNINGS AND PROTECTION -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1TSUNAMIS AND POISONOUS GASES GENERATEDBY ASTEROID IMPACT IN THE BLACK SEA -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Contemporary Black Sea Conditions -- 3. Recent Black Sea Tsunami Run-Up Events -- 4. Asteroid Impacts on Earth -- 5. Frequency of Asteroid Impacts in Black Sea -- 6. Effects of an Asteroid Impacting the Black Sea -- 7. Tsunami Dynamics -- 7.1. Numerical Approach -- 7.2. General Features of Tsunamiclaw -- 7.3. Results -- 8. Hydrogen Sulfide Cloud Dynamics -- 8.1. Information about Hydrogen Sulfide -- 8.2. Hydrogen Sulfide Cloud Generation -- 8.3. Model of Hydrogen Sulfide Down-Wind Dispersion -- 8.4. Model Implementation -- 8.4.1. Population Distribution -- 8.4.2. Wind Data -- 8.4.3. Results and Discussions -- 9. Risks for Nuclear Explosions -- 10. Possible Social Impacts and Prevention -- 11. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2TSUNAMI SIMULATION RESEARCH AND MITIGATIONPROGRAMS IN MALAYSIA POST 2004 ANDAMANTSUNAMI -- Abstract -- Introduction: 26 December 2004 Tsunami -- Post Tsunami Research Activities in Malaysia -- Arrival Time, Runup and Inundation -- Damage along Malaysian Coasts -- Shallow Water Equations -- Numerical Model Tuna -- Tuna vs. Comcot -- Simulation Results -- Beach Runup -- Manham -- Role of Mangrove -- Numerical Algorithm -- An Illustrative Example -- Penang Case Study -- Forest Width 1000 M -- Forest Width 500 M -- Towards Tsunami Resilient Communities -- SCSTW3 -- Academy of Sciences Malaysia -- MMD Established Mntews -- Tsunami Buoys in South China Sea -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 32004 - TSUNAMI CHARACTERISTICS OF WOUNDS -- Abstract -- 2004 - Tsunami Characteristics of Wounds -- 2004 - Thailand Tsunami [5,18]. Injury and Wound Mechanics -- Treatment -- Recommendation and Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 4APPLICATION OF COASTAL FOREST IN TSUNAMIDISASTER MITIGATION -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Tsunami and Coastal Forest: Problems and Prospects -- 3. The General Role of Coastal Forest in the Reduction ofTsunami Disaster and Important Factors in Their Interaction -- 4. Survival Capacity of a Coastal Forest against Tsunami -- Minimum Trunk Diameter -- Wave Thrust and Tree Breaking Moment -- 5. Effect of Forest Density on the Reduction of Tsunami Flow -- Forest Density for Low-Inundation -- Forest Density for High-Inundation -- The Importance of Variation in the Forest Components -- Effect of Trees Arrangement in the Forest -- 6. Effect of Forest Width on the Reduction of Tsunami Flow -- 7. Effects of Forest Ground Topography -- 8. Implementation -- 9. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5COASTAL PROTECTION MEASURES FOR TSUNAMIDISASTER REDUCTION -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Tsunami Run-Up Height -- General -- Estimation of Tsunami Run-Up Height -- Coastal Protection Measures against Tsunami -- Hard Structures -- Seawalls and Groins -- Breakwaters -- Natural Barriers -- Mangrove -- Other Natural Barriers -- Effect of Coastal Forests on Tsunami Run-Up Height -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6RESPONSE OF COASTAL VEGETATIONAND THE NEED FOR GREEN BELTSALONG THE TAMIL NADU COAST, INDIA:THE DECEMBER 2004 TSUNAMI EXPERIENCE -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Vegetation along Tamil Nadu Coast -- Methods -- Response of Coastal Vegetation to the Tsunami Attack -- Role of Sheltered Coasts Compared to Built-Up Coasts -- Post Tsunami Restoration Efforts -- Need for Functional Green Belts -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 72004 TSUNAMI INUNDATION AND EVIDENCEFOR EARLIER EVENTS -A CASE STUDYFROM SRI LANKA -- Abstract. Introduction -- Methods of Study -- Identification of Recent Tsunami Sediments -- Paleo-Tsunami Sediments from Sri Lanka -- Assemblages of Microfossils in Tsunami Sediments -- Distribution Of Microfossils In Tsunami Sediments -- a. Recent Tsunami Sediment -- b. Paleo-Tsunami Sediment - 30 cm below the Present Ground Level -- c. Paleo-Tsunami Sediment - 75 cm below the Present Ground Level -- Ages of Tsunami Sediments -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Web References -- Chapter 8INDIAN OCEAN EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI:HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCEAND RELIEF OPERATIONS* -- Abstract -- Contributing Authors and Subject Areas -- Most Recent Developments -- Legislation [3] -- Early Warning -- Recent Developments on Selected Countries -- Indonesia -- Sri Lanka -- Maldives -- Malaysia -- India -- Thailand -- Background [12] -- Introduction -- Comparisons to Past Disasters [14] -- Current Situation [16] -- Health -- Relief Operations and Aid Delivery -- Protection for Children and Separated Orphans [22] -- Background -- Tsunami Orphans: The Tsunami Generation -- Humanitarian Response: U.S. and International Assistance [26] -- U.S. Emergency Assistance to the Region -- The U.S. Emergency Response Mechanism -- Legislation [40] -- International Emergency Assistance to the Region -- International Donor Conferences -- Situation Report on Countries Affected by the Tsunami -- Indonesia [47] -- Sri Lanka [49] -- India [63] -- Thailand [79] -- Burma [86] -- The Maldives [87] -- Diego Garcia [95] -- Malaysia [97] -- Bangladesh [102] -- Somalia [106] -- Kenya -- Tanzania -- Seychelles -- Madagascar -- Mauritius -- Reunion (French Territory) -- South Africa -- Issues for Congress [117] -- Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction Issues -- Burdensharing -- Competing Aid and Budget Priorities [122] -- Transparency -- Debt Relief. Implications for Other U.S. Foreign Policy Interests -- The War on Terrorism -- Countering Negative Images of the United States -- Early Warning Systems: International Scientific, Technologicaland Other Challenges [129] -- Aid to Indonesia and the Leahy Amendment -- Appendix 1. U.S. Assistance to Selected Countries Affectedby the Indian Ocean Tsunami -- List of Aid-Related Abbreviations -- Appendix 2. Child Protection Issuesin Tsunami- Affected Countries -- Indonesia -- Thailand -- Sri Lanka -- India -- Malaysia -- References -- Chapter 9TSUNAMIS: MONITORING, DETECTION,AND EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS* -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Proposals for International Tsunami Early Warning Systems -- Challenges -- Proposals -- U.S. Tsunami Programs -- Tsunami Warnings -- U.S. Operations and Research -- Related U.S. Programs -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter10TSUNAMIS,GENERATIONANDMATHEMATICALMODELING -- Abstract -- 1.Introduction -- GenerationofTsunamis -- 2.Preliminary -- 3.MovingBottom -- 4.TsunamisfromPhysicalPointofView -- 5.SomeImportantConceptsandIllustrativeQuestions -- 5.1.SomeConceptsaboutTsunamis -- 5.2.IllustrativeAnswersfortheMostFrequentlyAskedQuestions -- 6.TheGreatestHistoricalCatastrophes -- 7.VisualizationCollectionsofTsunamis -- MathematicalModelling -- 8.LinearTheoryofTsunamisGeneratedbyMovingBottom -- 9.Non-linearMathematicalModelingofTsunamis -- 10.TsunamiandtheBoussinesqEquation -- 11.SolutionofNonlinearBoussinesqEquation -- 11.1.UsingthetanhMethod -- 11.2.UsingAdomianDecompositionMethod -- 12.NumericalApplications -- Conclusion -- References -- GeneralBibliography -- INDEX -- Blank Page.
9781611225709
Tsunamis -- Environmental aspects.
Tidal waves -- Environmental aspects.
Electronic books.
GC221.2 -- .T785 2010eb
363.34/94