Neurobiology of Language.
Hickok, Gregory.
Neurobiology of Language. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (1188 pages)
Front Cover -- Neurobiology of Language -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Acknowledgement -- A. Introduction -- 1 The Neurobiology of Language -- 1.1 History -- 1.2 Lesion Analysis -- 1.3 From Neuropsychology to Cognitive Neuroscience -- 1.4 The Neurobiology of Language -- 1.5 Some Common Fallacies -- 1.6 Humans in Particular -- 1.7 Cognition and the Neurobiology of Language -- 1.8 Brain Disease, Treatment, and the Neurobiology of Language -- 1.9 Summary -- References -- B. Neurobiological Foundations -- 2 A Molecular Genetic Perspective on Speech and Language -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Discovery of FOXP2 -- 2.3 FOXP2 Mutations in Speech and Language Disorders -- 2.4 Functions of FOXP2: The View from the Bench -- 2.5 Insights from Animal Models -- 2.6 FOXP2 in Human Evolution -- 2.7 Conclusions -- References -- 3 The Ventrolateral Frontal Region -- 3.1 Cytoarchitectonic Areas of the Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex -- 3.2 Parietal and Temporal Cortico-Cortical Connection Patterns of the Language Production Areas in the Ventrolateral Fronta... -- 3.3 Functional Implications -- 3.4 Non-Ventrolateral Prefrontal Areas and Their Possible Role in Language -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 On the Neuroanatomy and Functional Role of the Inferior Parietal Lobule and Intraparietal Sulcus -- 4.1 Gross Anatomy of the IPL and IPS -- 4.2 Modern Parcellation of the IPL and IPS -- 4.2.1 Human -- 4.2.2 Monkey -- 4.3 Connectivity of the IPL and IPS -- 4.3.1 Human -- 4.3.2 Monkey -- 4.4 Anatomical Differences Between Humans and Monkeys -- 4.5 Functions and Functional Connectivity of the IPL and IPS -- 4.5.1 Language and Speech -- 4.5.2 Motor Functions and Interaction with Objects -- 4.5.3 Spatial Functions -- 4.6 Summary -- References -- 5 Human Auditory Cortex -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Cortical Field Maps. 5.3 Tonotopy: The First Dimension of AFMs -- 5.4 Cortical Organization of the Monkey Auditory System -- 5.5 Cortical Organization of the Human Auditory System -- 5.6 Periodotopy: The Second Dimension of AFMs -- 5.7 Similarities to AFM Organization in the Human Visual System -- 5.8 "Clover Leaf" Clusters Across Senses -- 5.9 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Motor Cortex and Mirror System in Monkeys and Humans -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Anatomy of the Monkey Motor Cortex -- 6.2.1 The Agranular Frontal Cortex -- 6.2.2 Cortical Connections of the Motor Areas -- 6.2.3 Area F5: Anatomical Subdivisions -- 6.2.4 Motor Properties of Area F5: The Vocabulary of Motor Acts -- 6.2.5 Canonical Neurons and the Visuomotor Transformation for Grasping -- 6.2.6 Mirror Neurons and Action Understanding -- 6.2.7 Mirror Neurons in the Parietal and the Primary Motor Cortex -- 6.2.7.1 Primary Motor Cortex -- 6.2.7.2 Parietal Cortex -- 6.3 The Human Motor Cortex -- 6.3.1 The Mirror Mechanism in Humans -- 6.3.2 Imitation -- 6.4 Motor System and Communication -- 6.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 7 Cerebellar Contributions to Speech and Language -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Macroscopic and Microscopic Anatomy of the Human Cerebellum -- 7.3 Comparative Anatomic Perspectives on Size and Composition of the Cerebellum -- 7.4 Cerebellar Support of Motor Control in Humans: Upper Limb Movements -- 7.5 Contributions of the Cerebellum to Speech Motor Control -- 7.5.1 The Profile of Ataxic Dysarthria: Auditory-Perceptual and Instrumental Studies -- 7.5.2 The Syndrome of Cerebellar Mutism: Impaired Initiation of Speech Production? -- 7.5.3 Functional Imaging Data Related to Speech Production -- 7.6 Engagement of the Cerebellum in Nonmotor Functions -- 7.6.1 The Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome -- 7.6.2 Lexical-Semantic and Syntactic Disorders of Spoken Language. 7.6.3 Contributions of the Cerebellum to Nonmotor Functions: Speech and Nonspeech Auditory Perception -- 7.7 Conclusion -- References -- 8 The Anatomy of the Basal Ganglia -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Historical Background -- 8.3 Overview of Basal Ganglia Anatomy -- 8.3.1 Inputs to the Basal Ganglia -- 8.3.2 Outputs from the Basal Ganglia -- 8.3.3 Pathways Through the Basal Ganglia -- 8.3.4 Dopamine in the Basal Ganglia -- 8.3.5 Functional Circuits Through the Basal Ganglia -- 8.3.6 Disorders of the Basal Ganglia -- 8.3.7 Learning and Memory and the Basal Ganglia -- 8.3.8 Summary -- 8.4 The Role of the Basal Ganglia in Speech Motor Control -- 8.5 The Role of the Basal Ganglia in Language -- 8.6 Segregated Functional Loops for Speech and Language -- 8.7 Summary -- References -- 9 The Thalamus and Language -- 9.1 Overview of Thalamic Organization -- 9.2 Defining the Role of the Thalamus in Language -- 9.3 A Thalamic "Locus" for Language? -- 9.4 Imaging of the Thalamus in Language Tasks -- 9.4.1 Models of the Role of the Thalamus in Language -- 9.5 Thalamic Circuitry and Physiology -- 9.6 Models of Thalamus and Language -- 9.7 Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 The Insular Cortex -- 10.1 Gross Anatomy -- 10.2 Cytoarchitecture -- 10.3 Vasculature -- 10.4 Connectivity -- 10.5 Insular Cortex and Behavior -- 10.6 Association with Speech-Language Behavior -- References -- 11 White Matter Pathways in the Human -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Projection Pathways -- 11.2.1 Motor Corticospinal Tract and Somatosensory Thalamocortical Pathways -- 11.2.2 Optic Radiations -- 11.3 Long-Distance Association Pathways -- 11.3.1 The Dorsal Superior Longitudinal Fascicle/Arcuate Fascicle Complex -- 11.3.1.1 Anatomy -- 11.3.1.2 Structural-Functional Correlations -- 11.3.2 The Ventral Stream -- 11.3.2.1 Anatomy. 11.3.2.2 Structural-Functional Correlations -- 11.4 Implication of a Hodotopical View of Brain Organization in Humans: Rethinking the Connectivity of Language and Its Rel... -- 11.5 The Limiting Role of Axonal Connectivity in Brain Plasticity -- 11.6 Conclusion -- References -- C. Behavioral Foundations -- 12 Phonology -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Speech Sounds and the MAP Loop -- 12.2.1 Action or Articulation of Speech -- 12.2.2 Perception or Audition of Speech -- 12.2.3 Memory or the Long-Term Storage of Speech -- 12.3 Features or the Internal Composition of Sounds -- 12.4 Local Sound Combinations and Chunking -- 12.5 Nonlocal Sound Combinations -- 12.6 Summary -- References -- 13 Morphology -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Why Morphology? -- 13.3 What Makes Morphology, Morphology -- 13.4 Types of Morphemes, Types of Morphologies, Types of Morphological Theories -- 13.5 The View from Above -- 13.6 Words and Rules: The Modern Consensus on Decomposition -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 14 Syntax and the Cognitive Neuroscience of Syntactic Structure Building -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 A Brief History of Syntactic Theory -- 14.3 Two Concrete Examples of Syntactic Structure-Building Computations -- 14.4 Additional Properties of Syntactic Theories That One Would Expect from a Theory of Cognitive Computations -- 14.5 The Collaboration Necessary to Engage in This Program -- 14.6 Challenges to This Research Program -- 14.7 Conclusion -- References -- 15 Speech Perception as a Perceptuo-Motor Skill -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.1.1 Perception and Action are Inextricably Integrated -- 15.1.2 Parity in Speech -- 15.2 Research Findings -- 15.2.1 Speech -- 15.2.2 Nonspeech -- 15.2.2.1 Nonlanguage -- 15.2.2.2 Language, Not Speech -- 15.3 Conclusion -- References -- 16 Speech Perception -- 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Effects of Auditory Distinctiveness on the Form of Speech -- 16.3 Effects of Auditory Interaction on the Form of Speech -- 16.4 Effects of Learnability on the Form of Speech -- 16.5 Moving Forward -- References -- 17 Understanding Speech in the Context of Variability -- 17.1 Speech and Speakers -- 17.2 The Lack of Invariance Problem -- 17.3 Adaptive Processing and Perceptual Learning -- 17.4 Empirical Evidence for Active Processing in Talker Normalization -- 17.5 Toward an Active Theory of Contextual Normalization -- 17.6 Neurobiological Theories of Speech Perception -- 17.7 Subcortical Structures and Adaptive Processing -- 17.8 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 18 Successful Speaking: Cognitive Mechanisms of Adaptation in Language Production -- 18.1 Language Production -- 18.1.1 Lexical Access -- 18.1.2 Grammatical Encoding -- 18.1.3 Phonological Encoding -- 18.2 Long-Term speaker Tuning: Implicit Learning -- 18.2.1 Implicit Learning of Words and Phrases -- 18.2.2 Structural Priming -- 18.2.3 Phonotactic Learning -- 18.3 Short-Term Speaker Tuning -- 18.3.1 Error Monitoring -- 18.3.2 Availability-Based Production -- 18.3.3 Information-Density Sensitivity -- 18.3.4 Audience Design -- 18.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 19 Speech Motor Control from a Modern Control Theory Perspective -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 The Role of the CNS in Processing Sensory Feedback During Speaking -- 19.3 The CNS as a Feedforward Source of Speech Motor Commands -- 19.4 Current Models of the Role of the CNS in Speech Motor Control -- 19.5 The Concept of Dynamical State -- 19.6 A Model of Speech Motor Control Based on State Feedback -- 19.7 SFC Models Motor Actions as an Optimal Control Process -- 19.8 Speaking Behaves Like an Optimal Control Process -- 19.9 SFC Explains the Task-Specific Role of the CNS in Speech Feedback Processing. 19.10 Is SFC Neurally Plausible?.
9780124078628
Language and languages -- Origin.
Electronic books.
P132
612.81046
Neurobiology of Language. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (1188 pages)
Front Cover -- Neurobiology of Language -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Acknowledgement -- A. Introduction -- 1 The Neurobiology of Language -- 1.1 History -- 1.2 Lesion Analysis -- 1.3 From Neuropsychology to Cognitive Neuroscience -- 1.4 The Neurobiology of Language -- 1.5 Some Common Fallacies -- 1.6 Humans in Particular -- 1.7 Cognition and the Neurobiology of Language -- 1.8 Brain Disease, Treatment, and the Neurobiology of Language -- 1.9 Summary -- References -- B. Neurobiological Foundations -- 2 A Molecular Genetic Perspective on Speech and Language -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Discovery of FOXP2 -- 2.3 FOXP2 Mutations in Speech and Language Disorders -- 2.4 Functions of FOXP2: The View from the Bench -- 2.5 Insights from Animal Models -- 2.6 FOXP2 in Human Evolution -- 2.7 Conclusions -- References -- 3 The Ventrolateral Frontal Region -- 3.1 Cytoarchitectonic Areas of the Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex -- 3.2 Parietal and Temporal Cortico-Cortical Connection Patterns of the Language Production Areas in the Ventrolateral Fronta... -- 3.3 Functional Implications -- 3.4 Non-Ventrolateral Prefrontal Areas and Their Possible Role in Language -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 On the Neuroanatomy and Functional Role of the Inferior Parietal Lobule and Intraparietal Sulcus -- 4.1 Gross Anatomy of the IPL and IPS -- 4.2 Modern Parcellation of the IPL and IPS -- 4.2.1 Human -- 4.2.2 Monkey -- 4.3 Connectivity of the IPL and IPS -- 4.3.1 Human -- 4.3.2 Monkey -- 4.4 Anatomical Differences Between Humans and Monkeys -- 4.5 Functions and Functional Connectivity of the IPL and IPS -- 4.5.1 Language and Speech -- 4.5.2 Motor Functions and Interaction with Objects -- 4.5.3 Spatial Functions -- 4.6 Summary -- References -- 5 Human Auditory Cortex -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Cortical Field Maps. 5.3 Tonotopy: The First Dimension of AFMs -- 5.4 Cortical Organization of the Monkey Auditory System -- 5.5 Cortical Organization of the Human Auditory System -- 5.6 Periodotopy: The Second Dimension of AFMs -- 5.7 Similarities to AFM Organization in the Human Visual System -- 5.8 "Clover Leaf" Clusters Across Senses -- 5.9 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Motor Cortex and Mirror System in Monkeys and Humans -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Anatomy of the Monkey Motor Cortex -- 6.2.1 The Agranular Frontal Cortex -- 6.2.2 Cortical Connections of the Motor Areas -- 6.2.3 Area F5: Anatomical Subdivisions -- 6.2.4 Motor Properties of Area F5: The Vocabulary of Motor Acts -- 6.2.5 Canonical Neurons and the Visuomotor Transformation for Grasping -- 6.2.6 Mirror Neurons and Action Understanding -- 6.2.7 Mirror Neurons in the Parietal and the Primary Motor Cortex -- 6.2.7.1 Primary Motor Cortex -- 6.2.7.2 Parietal Cortex -- 6.3 The Human Motor Cortex -- 6.3.1 The Mirror Mechanism in Humans -- 6.3.2 Imitation -- 6.4 Motor System and Communication -- 6.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 7 Cerebellar Contributions to Speech and Language -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Macroscopic and Microscopic Anatomy of the Human Cerebellum -- 7.3 Comparative Anatomic Perspectives on Size and Composition of the Cerebellum -- 7.4 Cerebellar Support of Motor Control in Humans: Upper Limb Movements -- 7.5 Contributions of the Cerebellum to Speech Motor Control -- 7.5.1 The Profile of Ataxic Dysarthria: Auditory-Perceptual and Instrumental Studies -- 7.5.2 The Syndrome of Cerebellar Mutism: Impaired Initiation of Speech Production? -- 7.5.3 Functional Imaging Data Related to Speech Production -- 7.6 Engagement of the Cerebellum in Nonmotor Functions -- 7.6.1 The Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome -- 7.6.2 Lexical-Semantic and Syntactic Disorders of Spoken Language. 7.6.3 Contributions of the Cerebellum to Nonmotor Functions: Speech and Nonspeech Auditory Perception -- 7.7 Conclusion -- References -- 8 The Anatomy of the Basal Ganglia -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Historical Background -- 8.3 Overview of Basal Ganglia Anatomy -- 8.3.1 Inputs to the Basal Ganglia -- 8.3.2 Outputs from the Basal Ganglia -- 8.3.3 Pathways Through the Basal Ganglia -- 8.3.4 Dopamine in the Basal Ganglia -- 8.3.5 Functional Circuits Through the Basal Ganglia -- 8.3.6 Disorders of the Basal Ganglia -- 8.3.7 Learning and Memory and the Basal Ganglia -- 8.3.8 Summary -- 8.4 The Role of the Basal Ganglia in Speech Motor Control -- 8.5 The Role of the Basal Ganglia in Language -- 8.6 Segregated Functional Loops for Speech and Language -- 8.7 Summary -- References -- 9 The Thalamus and Language -- 9.1 Overview of Thalamic Organization -- 9.2 Defining the Role of the Thalamus in Language -- 9.3 A Thalamic "Locus" for Language? -- 9.4 Imaging of the Thalamus in Language Tasks -- 9.4.1 Models of the Role of the Thalamus in Language -- 9.5 Thalamic Circuitry and Physiology -- 9.6 Models of Thalamus and Language -- 9.7 Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 The Insular Cortex -- 10.1 Gross Anatomy -- 10.2 Cytoarchitecture -- 10.3 Vasculature -- 10.4 Connectivity -- 10.5 Insular Cortex and Behavior -- 10.6 Association with Speech-Language Behavior -- References -- 11 White Matter Pathways in the Human -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Projection Pathways -- 11.2.1 Motor Corticospinal Tract and Somatosensory Thalamocortical Pathways -- 11.2.2 Optic Radiations -- 11.3 Long-Distance Association Pathways -- 11.3.1 The Dorsal Superior Longitudinal Fascicle/Arcuate Fascicle Complex -- 11.3.1.1 Anatomy -- 11.3.1.2 Structural-Functional Correlations -- 11.3.2 The Ventral Stream -- 11.3.2.1 Anatomy. 11.3.2.2 Structural-Functional Correlations -- 11.4 Implication of a Hodotopical View of Brain Organization in Humans: Rethinking the Connectivity of Language and Its Rel... -- 11.5 The Limiting Role of Axonal Connectivity in Brain Plasticity -- 11.6 Conclusion -- References -- C. Behavioral Foundations -- 12 Phonology -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Speech Sounds and the MAP Loop -- 12.2.1 Action or Articulation of Speech -- 12.2.2 Perception or Audition of Speech -- 12.2.3 Memory or the Long-Term Storage of Speech -- 12.3 Features or the Internal Composition of Sounds -- 12.4 Local Sound Combinations and Chunking -- 12.5 Nonlocal Sound Combinations -- 12.6 Summary -- References -- 13 Morphology -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Why Morphology? -- 13.3 What Makes Morphology, Morphology -- 13.4 Types of Morphemes, Types of Morphologies, Types of Morphological Theories -- 13.5 The View from Above -- 13.6 Words and Rules: The Modern Consensus on Decomposition -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 14 Syntax and the Cognitive Neuroscience of Syntactic Structure Building -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 A Brief History of Syntactic Theory -- 14.3 Two Concrete Examples of Syntactic Structure-Building Computations -- 14.4 Additional Properties of Syntactic Theories That One Would Expect from a Theory of Cognitive Computations -- 14.5 The Collaboration Necessary to Engage in This Program -- 14.6 Challenges to This Research Program -- 14.7 Conclusion -- References -- 15 Speech Perception as a Perceptuo-Motor Skill -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.1.1 Perception and Action are Inextricably Integrated -- 15.1.2 Parity in Speech -- 15.2 Research Findings -- 15.2.1 Speech -- 15.2.2 Nonspeech -- 15.2.2.1 Nonlanguage -- 15.2.2.2 Language, Not Speech -- 15.3 Conclusion -- References -- 16 Speech Perception -- 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Effects of Auditory Distinctiveness on the Form of Speech -- 16.3 Effects of Auditory Interaction on the Form of Speech -- 16.4 Effects of Learnability on the Form of Speech -- 16.5 Moving Forward -- References -- 17 Understanding Speech in the Context of Variability -- 17.1 Speech and Speakers -- 17.2 The Lack of Invariance Problem -- 17.3 Adaptive Processing and Perceptual Learning -- 17.4 Empirical Evidence for Active Processing in Talker Normalization -- 17.5 Toward an Active Theory of Contextual Normalization -- 17.6 Neurobiological Theories of Speech Perception -- 17.7 Subcortical Structures and Adaptive Processing -- 17.8 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 18 Successful Speaking: Cognitive Mechanisms of Adaptation in Language Production -- 18.1 Language Production -- 18.1.1 Lexical Access -- 18.1.2 Grammatical Encoding -- 18.1.3 Phonological Encoding -- 18.2 Long-Term speaker Tuning: Implicit Learning -- 18.2.1 Implicit Learning of Words and Phrases -- 18.2.2 Structural Priming -- 18.2.3 Phonotactic Learning -- 18.3 Short-Term Speaker Tuning -- 18.3.1 Error Monitoring -- 18.3.2 Availability-Based Production -- 18.3.3 Information-Density Sensitivity -- 18.3.4 Audience Design -- 18.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 19 Speech Motor Control from a Modern Control Theory Perspective -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 The Role of the CNS in Processing Sensory Feedback During Speaking -- 19.3 The CNS as a Feedforward Source of Speech Motor Commands -- 19.4 Current Models of the Role of the CNS in Speech Motor Control -- 19.5 The Concept of Dynamical State -- 19.6 A Model of Speech Motor Control Based on State Feedback -- 19.7 SFC Models Motor Actions as an Optimal Control Process -- 19.8 Speaking Behaves Like an Optimal Control Process -- 19.9 SFC Explains the Task-Specific Role of the CNS in Speech Feedback Processing. 19.10 Is SFC Neurally Plausible?.
9780124078628
Language and languages -- Origin.
Electronic books.
P132
612.81046