Above and Beyond the Segments : Experimental linguistics and phonetics.
Caspers, Johanneke.
Above and Beyond the Segments : Experimental linguistics and phonetics. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (375 pages)
Above and Beyond the Segments -- Title page -- LCC data -- Dedication page -- Table of contents -- Foreword -- Tone and stress in North-West Indo-Aryan: A survey -- Introduction -- Hindi-Urdu -- Punjabi-type tone languages -- Shina-type languages -- Kalami-type languages -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Whose voice is that? Challenges in forensic phonetics -- 1. Introduction: Methodology in forensic speaker recognition (FSR) -- 2. The domain of phonetics -- 3. The relevance of voice and voice quality -- 4. Voice recognition in the human brain -- 5. The challenge -- 6. "Blind grouping" -- 6.1 Set-up of blind grouping -- 6.2 Discussion of blind grouping -- 7. Conclusion -- Final note -- References -- Appendix -- Pitch accent placement in Dutch as a second language: An exploratory investigation -- Introduction -- Background -- Plastic versus non-plastic accentuation -- The relevance of appropriate pitch accent locations for speech processing -- Non-native prosody: Accentuation in L2 speech -- Research question and approach -- L2 Speakers -- Labeling procedure -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- The problems of adverbs in Zulu -- 1. Introduction -- Preliminaries -- Focus and IAV -- Conjoint-disjoint verb forms -- Relative clauses (Cheng & -- Downing, 2007) -- 2. Adverbs in neutral contexts -- Single adverb -- Multiple adverbs -- Ordering between the adverbs -- 3. Prosodic phrasing in Zulu -- 4. Focus and adverbs -- The syntax of IAV -- The conjoint-disjoint distinction -- 5. Towards an analysis -- Adverbs following conjoint verbs -- Non-focused adverbs -- Focused adverbs -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Meaningful grammar is binary, local, anti-symmetric, recursive and incomplete -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The mean machine runs on grammar. 3. Binarity, locality and anti-symmetry converge in meaningful analysis -- 3.1 Binarity computes discontinuity and complexity -- 3.2 Locality favours conservation of information -- 3.3 Anti-symmetry accounts for semantic composition -- 3.4 Binarity, Locality and Anti-symmetry are independent -- 4. Grammar is recursive and of course incomplete -- 4.1 Recursion stands for computable meaning -- 4.2 Grammar is incomplete in its own way -- 5. Grammar is not language but knowledge of language -- Acknowledgements -- References -- How prosody is both mandatory and optional -- Introduction -- The case of lexical stress -- The case of focal accent -- Prosody - a separate dimension? -- Acknowledgements -- References -- No stress typology -- Introduction -- Merger, and a sneak preview -- On the absence of stress in Austronesian languages -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- The effect of pause insertion on the intelligibility of Danish among Swedes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Research on the effects of pause insertion on the intelligibility of low-quality speech -- 3. Danish -- 4. Method and materials -- 4.1 Sentences -- 4.2 Recordings -- 4.3 Subjects -- 4.4 Experiment -- 4.5 Analysis -- 5. Results -- 6. Conclusions and discussion -- References -- Intonation, bias and Greek NPIs: A perception experiment -- Introduction -- Experiment -- Stimulus material -- Subjects -- Procedure -- Results -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Information status and L2 prosody: A study of reference maintenance in Chinese learners of Dutch -- Introduction -- A three-way distinction in information status -- Intonation and information status in Dutch -- L2 intonation and information status -- L2 intonation and language proficiency -- The goals of the current study -- Method -- Participants -- Materials -- Procedure -- Phonetic analysis -- Results. Native speakers of Chinese -- Duration -- Pitch -- Chinese learners of Dutch -- Intermediate Chinese learners of Dutch -- Advanced Chinese learners of Dutch -- Discussion and concluding remarks -- Future research -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Does boundary tone production in whispered speech depend on its bearer? Exploring a case of tonal crowding in whisper -- Introduction -- Method -- Materials -- Participants and procedure -- Annotation, data extraction and analysis -- Results -- Relative vowel duration -- Intensity -- Formant frequencies and levels -- Normalized spectral energy within bands, and centre of gravity -- General discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Appendix -- The primacy of the weak in Carib prosody -- 1. Iambs and trochees -- 2. Rhythmic regularities and the location of accent-lending pitch movements -- Prosodic rules that refer to phonology and grammar -- 3. Pitch movement occurring predominantly outside the first foot -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- The effects of age and level of education on the ability of adult native speakers of Dutch to segment speech into words -- Introduction -- Method -- Participants -- Tasks and materials -- Segmentation -- The Count Task -- The Dictation Task -- Stimulus materials -- Control tasks -- Data handling and statistical analyses -- Results -- Dictation Task (response accuracy) -- Count Task (response accuracy) -- Count Task (speed) -- Analyses of errors in the Dictation Task -- Correlations within and between tasks -- Discussion -- Summary of the findings -- Interpretation of the findings -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Doing grammatical semantics as if it were phonetics -- 1. A chemical introduction -- 2. Referential distance and referential processes in the Dutch demonstrative adjectives. 3. The Dutch verb-stem imperative and the infinitivus pro imperativo -- 4. Closing remarks -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Phonetic aspects of polar questions in Sienese: An experimental approach -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background -- 3. The experiment -- 3.1 Analysis -- 3.1.1 Results -- 3.2 Statistical processing of the data -- 3.2.1 Presence of a pause -- 3.2.2 Duration of the ISI -- 3.2.3 Duration, mean intensity and peak intensity of che and fare -- 3.3 Discriminant function analysis -- 3.3.1 Discriminant function analysis 1 -- 3.3.2 Discriminant function analysis 2 -- 3.3.3 Discriminant function analysis 3 -- 3.3.4 Discriminant function analysis 4 -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Etymological sub-lexicons constrain the graphematic solution space -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The recoding model of graphematics -- 3. The subset view on sub-lexicons -- 4. Vocabulary levels defined on the basis of linguistic filters -- 5. More than two vocabulary levels -- 6. Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Do speakers try to distract attention from their speech errors? The prosody of self-repairs -- Introduction -- Materials -- Acoustic study -- Measurements -- Results -- Duration -- Maximum pitch -- Average pitch -- Maximum intensity -- Average intensity -- Spectral slope -- Offset-to-repair time -- Summary of the acoustic measurements -- A listening experiment -- Stimuli -- Participants -- Procedure -- Results -- Binary response -- Response times -- Summary of the listening experiment -- Discussion -- References -- Field notes from a phonetician on Tundra Yukaghir orthography -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Phoneme /รถ/ -- 3. Short vowels vs. long vowels vs. diphthongs -- 4. TY Orthography -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Cross-regional differences in the perception of fricative devoicing -- Introduction -- Method. Listeners -- Stimuli -- Source recordings -- The /vi/-/fi/ continuum -- Manipulation -- Procedure -- Hypotheses -- Results -- Perceptual patterns within regions -- Regional variation in perceptual patterns -- Degree of consistency -- Discussion and conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Evidence for three-level vowel length in Ageer Dinka -- Introduction -- Background on three-level vowel length in Dinka -- Alternative hypothesis -- Methods -- Target words -- Contexts -- Speakers -- Procedure -- Processing and analysis -- Results -- Vowel duration -- Coda duration -- Vowel quality -- Discussion and conclusion -- Summary of main findings -- Comparison with earlier findings -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Phonetic accounts of timed responses in syllable monitoring experiments -- Introduction -- The experiment -- Method -- Participants -- Materials -- Procedure -- Design -- Results -- Monitoring latencies -- Discussion and conclusion -- References -- Appendix -- The independent effects of prosodic structure and information status on tonal coarticulation: Evidence from Wenzhou Chinese -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Tonal coarticulation -- 1.2 Effects of prosodic structure on coarticulation -- 1.3 Effects of information status on tonal coarticulation -- 1.4 Current experimental design and hypotheses -- 2. Method -- 2.1 Materials -- 2.2 Subjects -- 2.3 Recording procedure -- 2.4 Data analysis -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion and conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- The acoustics of English vowels in the speech of Dutch learners before and after pronunciation training -- Introduction -- Pronunciation as a specialised skill -- English pronunciation in the Netherlands -- Vowel pronunciation issues of Dutch learners -- Research questions and operationalisation -- Method -- Overview -- The speakers -- Speech material. Acoustic measurements.
This paper investigates the role of affricates in the phonotactics of English, and notes that these segments behave differently from stops and differently from fricatives. This is taken as evidence against the proposal that affricates cannot form a natural class by themselves, which is inherent in the so-called "Stop Approach" to the representation of affricates. Two other cases from the literature, from Pengo and Cimbrian German, provide additional evidence against this approach.
9789027269065
Linguistics, Experimental.
Phonetics, Experimental.
Electronic books.
P128.E94 -- A26 2014eb
414
Above and Beyond the Segments : Experimental linguistics and phonetics. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (375 pages)
Above and Beyond the Segments -- Title page -- LCC data -- Dedication page -- Table of contents -- Foreword -- Tone and stress in North-West Indo-Aryan: A survey -- Introduction -- Hindi-Urdu -- Punjabi-type tone languages -- Shina-type languages -- Kalami-type languages -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Whose voice is that? Challenges in forensic phonetics -- 1. Introduction: Methodology in forensic speaker recognition (FSR) -- 2. The domain of phonetics -- 3. The relevance of voice and voice quality -- 4. Voice recognition in the human brain -- 5. The challenge -- 6. "Blind grouping" -- 6.1 Set-up of blind grouping -- 6.2 Discussion of blind grouping -- 7. Conclusion -- Final note -- References -- Appendix -- Pitch accent placement in Dutch as a second language: An exploratory investigation -- Introduction -- Background -- Plastic versus non-plastic accentuation -- The relevance of appropriate pitch accent locations for speech processing -- Non-native prosody: Accentuation in L2 speech -- Research question and approach -- L2 Speakers -- Labeling procedure -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- The problems of adverbs in Zulu -- 1. Introduction -- Preliminaries -- Focus and IAV -- Conjoint-disjoint verb forms -- Relative clauses (Cheng & -- Downing, 2007) -- 2. Adverbs in neutral contexts -- Single adverb -- Multiple adverbs -- Ordering between the adverbs -- 3. Prosodic phrasing in Zulu -- 4. Focus and adverbs -- The syntax of IAV -- The conjoint-disjoint distinction -- 5. Towards an analysis -- Adverbs following conjoint verbs -- Non-focused adverbs -- Focused adverbs -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Meaningful grammar is binary, local, anti-symmetric, recursive and incomplete -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The mean machine runs on grammar. 3. Binarity, locality and anti-symmetry converge in meaningful analysis -- 3.1 Binarity computes discontinuity and complexity -- 3.2 Locality favours conservation of information -- 3.3 Anti-symmetry accounts for semantic composition -- 3.4 Binarity, Locality and Anti-symmetry are independent -- 4. Grammar is recursive and of course incomplete -- 4.1 Recursion stands for computable meaning -- 4.2 Grammar is incomplete in its own way -- 5. Grammar is not language but knowledge of language -- Acknowledgements -- References -- How prosody is both mandatory and optional -- Introduction -- The case of lexical stress -- The case of focal accent -- Prosody - a separate dimension? -- Acknowledgements -- References -- No stress typology -- Introduction -- Merger, and a sneak preview -- On the absence of stress in Austronesian languages -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- The effect of pause insertion on the intelligibility of Danish among Swedes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Research on the effects of pause insertion on the intelligibility of low-quality speech -- 3. Danish -- 4. Method and materials -- 4.1 Sentences -- 4.2 Recordings -- 4.3 Subjects -- 4.4 Experiment -- 4.5 Analysis -- 5. Results -- 6. Conclusions and discussion -- References -- Intonation, bias and Greek NPIs: A perception experiment -- Introduction -- Experiment -- Stimulus material -- Subjects -- Procedure -- Results -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Information status and L2 prosody: A study of reference maintenance in Chinese learners of Dutch -- Introduction -- A three-way distinction in information status -- Intonation and information status in Dutch -- L2 intonation and information status -- L2 intonation and language proficiency -- The goals of the current study -- Method -- Participants -- Materials -- Procedure -- Phonetic analysis -- Results. Native speakers of Chinese -- Duration -- Pitch -- Chinese learners of Dutch -- Intermediate Chinese learners of Dutch -- Advanced Chinese learners of Dutch -- Discussion and concluding remarks -- Future research -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Does boundary tone production in whispered speech depend on its bearer? Exploring a case of tonal crowding in whisper -- Introduction -- Method -- Materials -- Participants and procedure -- Annotation, data extraction and analysis -- Results -- Relative vowel duration -- Intensity -- Formant frequencies and levels -- Normalized spectral energy within bands, and centre of gravity -- General discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Appendix -- The primacy of the weak in Carib prosody -- 1. Iambs and trochees -- 2. Rhythmic regularities and the location of accent-lending pitch movements -- Prosodic rules that refer to phonology and grammar -- 3. Pitch movement occurring predominantly outside the first foot -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- The effects of age and level of education on the ability of adult native speakers of Dutch to segment speech into words -- Introduction -- Method -- Participants -- Tasks and materials -- Segmentation -- The Count Task -- The Dictation Task -- Stimulus materials -- Control tasks -- Data handling and statistical analyses -- Results -- Dictation Task (response accuracy) -- Count Task (response accuracy) -- Count Task (speed) -- Analyses of errors in the Dictation Task -- Correlations within and between tasks -- Discussion -- Summary of the findings -- Interpretation of the findings -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- Doing grammatical semantics as if it were phonetics -- 1. A chemical introduction -- 2. Referential distance and referential processes in the Dutch demonstrative adjectives. 3. The Dutch verb-stem imperative and the infinitivus pro imperativo -- 4. Closing remarks -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Phonetic aspects of polar questions in Sienese: An experimental approach -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background -- 3. The experiment -- 3.1 Analysis -- 3.1.1 Results -- 3.2 Statistical processing of the data -- 3.2.1 Presence of a pause -- 3.2.2 Duration of the ISI -- 3.2.3 Duration, mean intensity and peak intensity of che and fare -- 3.3 Discriminant function analysis -- 3.3.1 Discriminant function analysis 1 -- 3.3.2 Discriminant function analysis 2 -- 3.3.3 Discriminant function analysis 3 -- 3.3.4 Discriminant function analysis 4 -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Etymological sub-lexicons constrain the graphematic solution space -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The recoding model of graphematics -- 3. The subset view on sub-lexicons -- 4. Vocabulary levels defined on the basis of linguistic filters -- 5. More than two vocabulary levels -- 6. Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Do speakers try to distract attention from their speech errors? The prosody of self-repairs -- Introduction -- Materials -- Acoustic study -- Measurements -- Results -- Duration -- Maximum pitch -- Average pitch -- Maximum intensity -- Average intensity -- Spectral slope -- Offset-to-repair time -- Summary of the acoustic measurements -- A listening experiment -- Stimuli -- Participants -- Procedure -- Results -- Binary response -- Response times -- Summary of the listening experiment -- Discussion -- References -- Field notes from a phonetician on Tundra Yukaghir orthography -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Phoneme /รถ/ -- 3. Short vowels vs. long vowels vs. diphthongs -- 4. TY Orthography -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Cross-regional differences in the perception of fricative devoicing -- Introduction -- Method. Listeners -- Stimuli -- Source recordings -- The /vi/-/fi/ continuum -- Manipulation -- Procedure -- Hypotheses -- Results -- Perceptual patterns within regions -- Regional variation in perceptual patterns -- Degree of consistency -- Discussion and conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Evidence for three-level vowel length in Ageer Dinka -- Introduction -- Background on three-level vowel length in Dinka -- Alternative hypothesis -- Methods -- Target words -- Contexts -- Speakers -- Procedure -- Processing and analysis -- Results -- Vowel duration -- Coda duration -- Vowel quality -- Discussion and conclusion -- Summary of main findings -- Comparison with earlier findings -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Phonetic accounts of timed responses in syllable monitoring experiments -- Introduction -- The experiment -- Method -- Participants -- Materials -- Procedure -- Design -- Results -- Monitoring latencies -- Discussion and conclusion -- References -- Appendix -- The independent effects of prosodic structure and information status on tonal coarticulation: Evidence from Wenzhou Chinese -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Tonal coarticulation -- 1.2 Effects of prosodic structure on coarticulation -- 1.3 Effects of information status on tonal coarticulation -- 1.4 Current experimental design and hypotheses -- 2. Method -- 2.1 Materials -- 2.2 Subjects -- 2.3 Recording procedure -- 2.4 Data analysis -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion and conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- The acoustics of English vowels in the speech of Dutch learners before and after pronunciation training -- Introduction -- Pronunciation as a specialised skill -- English pronunciation in the Netherlands -- Vowel pronunciation issues of Dutch learners -- Research questions and operationalisation -- Method -- Overview -- The speakers -- Speech material. Acoustic measurements.
This paper investigates the role of affricates in the phonotactics of English, and notes that these segments behave differently from stops and differently from fricatives. This is taken as evidence against the proposal that affricates cannot form a natural class by themselves, which is inherent in the so-called "Stop Approach" to the representation of affricates. Two other cases from the literature, from Pengo and Cimbrian German, provide additional evidence against this approach.
9789027269065
Linguistics, Experimental.
Phonetics, Experimental.
Electronic books.
P128.E94 -- A26 2014eb
414