Prehension and Hafting Traces on Flint Tools : A Methodology.
Rots, Veerle.
Prehension and Hafting Traces on Flint Tools : A Methodology. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (296 pages)
Intro -- Prehension and Hafting Traceson Flint Tools A methodology V eerle ROTS -- CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- LIST OF FIGURES -- LIST OF PLATES -- LIST OF TABLES (CD-ROM) -- GLOSSARY -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 BACKGROUND -- 1.1.1 Prehension -- 1.1.2 Hafting -- 1.2 IMPORTANCE FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION -- 2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY -- 2.1 RESEARCH STRATEGY -- 2.1.1 Experimental programme -- 2.1.2 Blind Test -- 2.1.3 Archaeological analyses -- 2.2 HAFTING ARRANGEMENTS: TERMINOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION -- 2.2.1 Juxtaposed hafting -- 2.2.1.1 Terminal Tool Placement -- 2.2.1.2 Latero-Distal Tool Placement -- 2.2.1.3 Lateral Tool Placement -- 2.2.2 Male hafting -- 2.2.2.1 Terminal Tool Placement -- 2.2.2.2 Latero-Distal Tool Placement -- 2.2.2.3 Lateral Tool Placement -- 2.2.3 Female hafting -- 2.2.4 Criteria determining choice -- 2.3 HAFTING MATERIALS -- 2.3.1 Hafts -- 2.3.1.1 Wood -- 2.3.1.2 Osseous material -- 2.3.1.3 Soft animal and vegetal material -- 2.3.1.4 Adhesives -- 2.3.2 Fixation -- 2.3.2.1 Bindings -- 2.3.2.2 Adhesives -- 2.3.3 Design theory and hafting materials -- 2.3.3.1 Reliability -- 2.3.3.2 Maintainability -- 2.3.3.3 Flexibility -- 2.3.3.4 Versatility -- 2.3.3.5 Transportability -- 2.3.3.6 Longevity -- 2.4 EXPERIMENTATION -- 2.4.1 Procedure -- 2.4.2 Variables -- 2.4.2.1 Raw material (Flint Origin and Grain Size) -- 2.4.2.2 Knapping details -- 2.4.2.3 Retouch details -- 2.4.2.4 Tool type (Tooltype) -- 2.4.2.5 Worked material (Wmat and WM Specif.) -- 2.4.2.6 Activities (Activity) -- 2.4.2.7 Haft (Haft Nr) -- 2.4.2.8 Hafting arrangement -- 2.4.2.9 Use duration (H:min:sec and Rel.Dur.) -- 2.4.2.10 Number of resharpenings (Nr. Resharpening) -- 2.4.2.11 Experimenter (Ex) -- 2.4.2.12 Tool efficiency -- 2.4.2.13 Friction -- 2.4.3 Experimental programme -- 2.4.3.1 Summary of experiments -- 2.5 METHOD OF ANALYSIS -- 2.5.1 Recording. 2.5.1.1 Terminology -- 2.5.1.2 Procedure -- 2.5.2 Macroscopic Description -- 2.5.2.1 Cortex -- 2.5.2.2 Inclusions -- 2.5.2.3 Retouch -- 2.5.2.4 Size -- 2.5.2.5 Morphology -- 2.5.2.6 Morphological adaptations -- 2.5.2.7 Macroscopic damage -- 2.5.2.8 Fractures -- 2.5.3 Analytical Levels -- 2.5.3.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 2.5.3.2 Low Power analysis -- 2.5.3.3 High Power analysis -- 2.5.4 Practical issues regarding data presentation -- 3. PREHENSION AND HAFTING TRACES: DREAM OR REALITY? -- 3.1 ARE PREHENSION AND HAFTING TRACES FORMED? -- 3.1.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 3.1.2 Microscopic analysis -- 3.1.3 Conclusion -- 3.2 AT WHICH STAGE ARE HAFTING TRACES FORMED? -- 3.2.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 3.2.1.1 Before hafting -- 3.2.1.2 After hafting -- 3.2.2 Microscopic analysis -- 3.2.2.1 Before hafting -- 3.2.2.2 After hafting -- 3.2.3 Conclusion -- 3.3 CAN HAFTING WEAR BE DISTINGUISHED FROM WEAR PRODUCED BY EXTERNAL FACTORS? -- 3.3.1 Production -- 3.3.1.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 3.3.1.2 Microscopic analysis -- 3.3.2 Transport -- 3.3.2.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 3.3.2.2 Microscopic analysis -- 3.3.3 Sheath wear -- 3.3.4 Trampling -- 3.3.5 Post-depositional processes -- 3.3.6 (Post-)excavation processes -- 3.3.7 Intentional fl int-on-fl int rubbing -- 3.3.8 Conclusion -- 3.4 CAN HAFTING WEAR BE DISTINGUISHED FROM USE-WEAR? -- 3.5 CAN HAFTING WEAR BE DISTINGUISHED FROM OTHER PREHENSILE WEAR? -- 3.5.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 3.5.2 Microscopic analysis -- 3.5.2.1 Hafted tools s.s. -- 3.5.2.2 Wrapped tools -- 3.5.2.3 Hand-held tools -- 3.5.3 Conclusion: proposal of distinctive criteria -- 3.6 DOES HAND-HELD USE RESULT IN PREHENSION WEAR WITH A RECURRENT PATTERN? -- 3.6.1 Grooving wood -- 3.6.1.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 3.6.1.2 Microscopic analysis -- 3.6.2 Perforating bone -- 3.6.2.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 3.6.2.2 Microscopic analysis. 3.6.3 Conclusion: prehensile wear is recurrent -- 3.7 DOES HAFTED USE RESULT IN HAFTING WEAR WITH A RECURRENT PATTERN? -- 3.7.1 Grooving wood -- 3.7.1.1 Juxtaposed direct hafting (wood) -- 3.7.1.2 Male split direct hafting (antler) -- 3.7.1.3 Male split indirect hafting (wood) -- 3.7.1.4 Standard leather bindings -- 3.7.1.5 Conclusion -- 3.7.2 Perforating bone -- 3.7.2.1 Male split indirect hafting -- 3.7.2.2 Male direct hafting -- 3.7.2.3 Male indirect hafting -- 3.7.2.4 Conclusion -- 3.7.3 Cutting cereals -- 3.7.3.1 Male indirect hafting (wood) -- 3.7.3.2 Male indirect hafting (antler) -- 3.7.4 Conclusion: hafting wear is recurrent -- 3.8 ARE PREHENSION AND HAFTING TRACES INTERPRETABLE? -- 3.8.1 Preliminary blind test -- 3.8.1.1 Results -- 3.8.1.2 Discussion -- 3.8.1.3 Conclusion -- 3.8.2 What is the minimum use duration to allow interpretation? -- 3.9 CONCLUSION: ARE PREHENSION AND HAFTING TRACES A REALITY? -- 4. PREHENSION TRACES - DOMINANT VARIABLE: MATERIAL WORKED -- 4.1 SCHIST WORKING -- 4.1.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 4.1.2 Microscopic analysis -- 4.1.2.1 Polish -- 4.1.2.2 Scarring -- 4.1.2.3 Bright spots -- 4.1.2.4 Striations -- 4.1.2.5 Rounding and smoothing -- 4.2 FIRE MAKING -- 4.2.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 4.2.2 Microscopic analysis -- 4.3 HIDE WORKING -- 4.3.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 4.3.2 Microscopic analysis -- 4.4 CONCLUSION -- 5. HAFTING TRACES - DOMINANT VARIABLES I: USE MOTION AND MATERIAL WORKED -- 5.1 INFLUENCE OF USE MOTION ON THE FORMATION PROCESS OF HAFTING TRACES -- 5.1.1 Exploration and identifi cation of use motion impact -- 5.1.1.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 5.1.1.2 Microscopic analysis -- 5.1.1.3 Conclusion -- 5.1.2 Systematic verifi cation of use motion impact:material worked -- 5.1.2.1 High-pressure use motions: adzing and chiselling -- 5.1.2.2 Medium-pressure use motion: scraping. 5.1.2.3 Medium-pressure use motion: grooving -- 5.1.3 Systematic verifi cation of use motion impact: hafting material -- 5.1.3.1 High-pressure use motions: adzing and chiselling -- 5.1.3.2 Moderate-pressure use motions: scraping and grooving -- 5.1.4 Systematic verifi cation of use motion impact: hafting arrangement -- 5.1.4.1 High-pressure use motions: adzing and chiselling -- 5.1.4.2 Moderate-pressure use motions: scraping and grooving -- 5.1.5 Extrapolation to other use motions -- 5.1.6 Conclusion: proposal of distinctive criteria -- 5.2 INFLUENCE OF THE MATERIAL WORKED ON THE FORMATION PROCESS OF HAFTING TRACES -- 5.2.1 Exploration and identifi cation of the impact of the material worked -- 5.2.1.1 Adzing tools -- 5.2.1.2 Scraping tools -- 5.2.1.3 Conclusion -- 5.2.2 Systematic verifi cation of the impact of material worked: use motion -- 5.2.3 Systematic verifi cation of the impact of material worked: hafting material -- 5.2.3.1 Adzing tools -- 5.2.3.2 Scraping tools -- 5.2.4 Systematic verifi cation of the impact of material worked: hafting arrangement -- 5.2.4.1 Adzing tools -- 5.2.4.2 Scraping tools -- 5.2.5 Extrapolation to other materials worked -- 5.2.6 Conclusion -- 5.3 DISCUSSION -- 5.3.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 5.3.1.1 Hafting -- 5.3.1.2 Haft limit -- 5.3.1.3 Relative hardness of the hafting material -- 5.3.1.4 Hafting method -- 5.3.2 Low Power analysis -- 5.3.2.1 Hafting -- 5.3.2.2 Haft limit -- 5.3.2.3 Hafting material -- 5.3.2.4 Hafting method -- 5.3.3 High Power analysis -- 5.3.3.1 Hafting -- 5.3.3.2 Haft limit -- 5.3.3.3 Hafting material -- 5.3.3.4 Hafting method -- 5.3.4 Conclusion -- 5.4 CONCLUSION -- 6. HAFTING TRACES - DOMINANT VARIABLES II: HAFTING MATERIAL AND HAFTING ARRANGEMENT -- 6.1 INFLUENCE OF HAFT MATERIAL ON THE PROCESS OF HAFTING TRACE FORMATION -- 6.1.1 Exploration and identifi cation of the impact of haft material. 6.1.1.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 6.1.1.2 Microscopic analysis -- 6.1.1.3 Conclusion -- 6.1.2 Systematic verifi cation of the impact of haft material: dorsal haft contact -- 6.1.2.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 6.1.2.2 Microscopic analysis -- 6.1.3 Systematic verifi cation of the impact of haft material: use motion and material worked -- 6.1.3.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 6.1.3.2 Microscopic analysis -- 6.1.4 Systematic verifi cation of haft material impact: haft type -- 6.1.4.1 Polish -- 6.1.4.2 Scarring -- 6.1.4.3 Bright spots -- 6.1.4.4 Striations and rounding/smoothing -- 6.1.5 Extrapolation to other haft materials -- 6.1.5.1 Polish -- 6.1.5.2 Scarring -- 6.1.5.3 Bright spots -- 6.1.5.4 Striations -- 6.1.5.5 Rounding/smoothing -- 6.1.6 Conclusion: proposal of distinctive criteria -- 6.2 INFLUENCE OF BINDING MATERIAL ON THE FORMATION PROCESS OF HAFTING TRACES -- 6.2.1 Exploration and identifi cation of binding material impact -- 6.2.1.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 6.2.1.2 Microscopic analysis -- 6.2.2 Systematic verifi cation of binding material impact: dorsal haft contact -- 6.2.2.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 6.2.2.2 Microscopic analysis -- 6.2.3 Systematic verifi cation of binding material impact: use motion and material worked -- 6.2.3.1 Polish -- 6.2.3.2 Scarring -- 6.2.4 Systematic verifi cation of binding material impact: hafting arrangement -- 6.2.5 Conclusion: proposal of distinctive criteria -- 6.3 INFLUENCE OF HAFTING ARRANGEMENT ON THE FORMATION PROCESS OF HAFTING TRACES -- 6.3.1 Exploration and identifi cation of hafting arrangement impact -- 6.3.1.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 6.3.1.2 Microscopic analysis -- 6.3.1.3 Conclusion -- 6.3.2 Systematic verifi cation of hafting arrangement impact : use motion -- 6.3.2.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 6.3.2.2 Microscopic analysis -- 6.3.2.3 Conclusion -- 6.3.3 Conclusion: proposal of distinctive criteria. 6.4 INFLUENCE OF USE OF WRAPPING ON THE FORMATION PROCESS OF HAFTING TRACES.
The capacity to mount stone tools in or on a handle is considered an important innovation in past human behaviour. The insight to assemble two different materials (organic and inorganic) into a better functioning entity indicates the presence of the required mental capacity and technological expertise. Although the identification of stone tool use based on microscopic analysis was introduced in the 1960s, distinguishing between hand-held and hafted tool use has remained a more difficult issue. This volume introduces a methodology, based on a systematic, in-depth study of prehension and hafting traces on experimental stone artefacts, which allows their recognition in archaeological assemblages. The author proposes a number of distinctive macro- and microscopic wear traits for identifying hand-held and hafted stone tools and for identifying the exact hafting arrangement. Tested hafting arrangements vary according to the articulation between stone tool and handle, and to the raw materials and fixation agents used. Tool uses include various motions and worked materials. This largely experimental investigation concludes in a blind testing of the reliability of the method itself, showing that a wider application of the designed method has the potential to contribute significantly to our understanding of technological changes and evolutions and past human behaviour.
9789461660060
Flintknapping.
Tools, Prehistoric.
Stone implements.
Flintwork.
Electronic books.
GN799.T6 -- R68 2010eb
930.1
Prehension and Hafting Traces on Flint Tools : A Methodology. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (296 pages)
Intro -- Prehension and Hafting Traceson Flint Tools A methodology V eerle ROTS -- CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- LIST OF FIGURES -- LIST OF PLATES -- LIST OF TABLES (CD-ROM) -- GLOSSARY -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 BACKGROUND -- 1.1.1 Prehension -- 1.1.2 Hafting -- 1.2 IMPORTANCE FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION -- 2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY -- 2.1 RESEARCH STRATEGY -- 2.1.1 Experimental programme -- 2.1.2 Blind Test -- 2.1.3 Archaeological analyses -- 2.2 HAFTING ARRANGEMENTS: TERMINOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION -- 2.2.1 Juxtaposed hafting -- 2.2.1.1 Terminal Tool Placement -- 2.2.1.2 Latero-Distal Tool Placement -- 2.2.1.3 Lateral Tool Placement -- 2.2.2 Male hafting -- 2.2.2.1 Terminal Tool Placement -- 2.2.2.2 Latero-Distal Tool Placement -- 2.2.2.3 Lateral Tool Placement -- 2.2.3 Female hafting -- 2.2.4 Criteria determining choice -- 2.3 HAFTING MATERIALS -- 2.3.1 Hafts -- 2.3.1.1 Wood -- 2.3.1.2 Osseous material -- 2.3.1.3 Soft animal and vegetal material -- 2.3.1.4 Adhesives -- 2.3.2 Fixation -- 2.3.2.1 Bindings -- 2.3.2.2 Adhesives -- 2.3.3 Design theory and hafting materials -- 2.3.3.1 Reliability -- 2.3.3.2 Maintainability -- 2.3.3.3 Flexibility -- 2.3.3.4 Versatility -- 2.3.3.5 Transportability -- 2.3.3.6 Longevity -- 2.4 EXPERIMENTATION -- 2.4.1 Procedure -- 2.4.2 Variables -- 2.4.2.1 Raw material (Flint Origin and Grain Size) -- 2.4.2.2 Knapping details -- 2.4.2.3 Retouch details -- 2.4.2.4 Tool type (Tooltype) -- 2.4.2.5 Worked material (Wmat and WM Specif.) -- 2.4.2.6 Activities (Activity) -- 2.4.2.7 Haft (Haft Nr) -- 2.4.2.8 Hafting arrangement -- 2.4.2.9 Use duration (H:min:sec and Rel.Dur.) -- 2.4.2.10 Number of resharpenings (Nr. Resharpening) -- 2.4.2.11 Experimenter (Ex) -- 2.4.2.12 Tool efficiency -- 2.4.2.13 Friction -- 2.4.3 Experimental programme -- 2.4.3.1 Summary of experiments -- 2.5 METHOD OF ANALYSIS -- 2.5.1 Recording. 2.5.1.1 Terminology -- 2.5.1.2 Procedure -- 2.5.2 Macroscopic Description -- 2.5.2.1 Cortex -- 2.5.2.2 Inclusions -- 2.5.2.3 Retouch -- 2.5.2.4 Size -- 2.5.2.5 Morphology -- 2.5.2.6 Morphological adaptations -- 2.5.2.7 Macroscopic damage -- 2.5.2.8 Fractures -- 2.5.3 Analytical Levels -- 2.5.3.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 2.5.3.2 Low Power analysis -- 2.5.3.3 High Power analysis -- 2.5.4 Practical issues regarding data presentation -- 3. PREHENSION AND HAFTING TRACES: DREAM OR REALITY? -- 3.1 ARE PREHENSION AND HAFTING TRACES FORMED? -- 3.1.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 3.1.2 Microscopic analysis -- 3.1.3 Conclusion -- 3.2 AT WHICH STAGE ARE HAFTING TRACES FORMED? -- 3.2.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 3.2.1.1 Before hafting -- 3.2.1.2 After hafting -- 3.2.2 Microscopic analysis -- 3.2.2.1 Before hafting -- 3.2.2.2 After hafting -- 3.2.3 Conclusion -- 3.3 CAN HAFTING WEAR BE DISTINGUISHED FROM WEAR PRODUCED BY EXTERNAL FACTORS? -- 3.3.1 Production -- 3.3.1.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 3.3.1.2 Microscopic analysis -- 3.3.2 Transport -- 3.3.2.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 3.3.2.2 Microscopic analysis -- 3.3.3 Sheath wear -- 3.3.4 Trampling -- 3.3.5 Post-depositional processes -- 3.3.6 (Post-)excavation processes -- 3.3.7 Intentional fl int-on-fl int rubbing -- 3.3.8 Conclusion -- 3.4 CAN HAFTING WEAR BE DISTINGUISHED FROM USE-WEAR? -- 3.5 CAN HAFTING WEAR BE DISTINGUISHED FROM OTHER PREHENSILE WEAR? -- 3.5.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 3.5.2 Microscopic analysis -- 3.5.2.1 Hafted tools s.s. -- 3.5.2.2 Wrapped tools -- 3.5.2.3 Hand-held tools -- 3.5.3 Conclusion: proposal of distinctive criteria -- 3.6 DOES HAND-HELD USE RESULT IN PREHENSION WEAR WITH A RECURRENT PATTERN? -- 3.6.1 Grooving wood -- 3.6.1.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 3.6.1.2 Microscopic analysis -- 3.6.2 Perforating bone -- 3.6.2.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 3.6.2.2 Microscopic analysis. 3.6.3 Conclusion: prehensile wear is recurrent -- 3.7 DOES HAFTED USE RESULT IN HAFTING WEAR WITH A RECURRENT PATTERN? -- 3.7.1 Grooving wood -- 3.7.1.1 Juxtaposed direct hafting (wood) -- 3.7.1.2 Male split direct hafting (antler) -- 3.7.1.3 Male split indirect hafting (wood) -- 3.7.1.4 Standard leather bindings -- 3.7.1.5 Conclusion -- 3.7.2 Perforating bone -- 3.7.2.1 Male split indirect hafting -- 3.7.2.2 Male direct hafting -- 3.7.2.3 Male indirect hafting -- 3.7.2.4 Conclusion -- 3.7.3 Cutting cereals -- 3.7.3.1 Male indirect hafting (wood) -- 3.7.3.2 Male indirect hafting (antler) -- 3.7.4 Conclusion: hafting wear is recurrent -- 3.8 ARE PREHENSION AND HAFTING TRACES INTERPRETABLE? -- 3.8.1 Preliminary blind test -- 3.8.1.1 Results -- 3.8.1.2 Discussion -- 3.8.1.3 Conclusion -- 3.8.2 What is the minimum use duration to allow interpretation? -- 3.9 CONCLUSION: ARE PREHENSION AND HAFTING TRACES A REALITY? -- 4. PREHENSION TRACES - DOMINANT VARIABLE: MATERIAL WORKED -- 4.1 SCHIST WORKING -- 4.1.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 4.1.2 Microscopic analysis -- 4.1.2.1 Polish -- 4.1.2.2 Scarring -- 4.1.2.3 Bright spots -- 4.1.2.4 Striations -- 4.1.2.5 Rounding and smoothing -- 4.2 FIRE MAKING -- 4.2.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 4.2.2 Microscopic analysis -- 4.3 HIDE WORKING -- 4.3.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 4.3.2 Microscopic analysis -- 4.4 CONCLUSION -- 5. HAFTING TRACES - DOMINANT VARIABLES I: USE MOTION AND MATERIAL WORKED -- 5.1 INFLUENCE OF USE MOTION ON THE FORMATION PROCESS OF HAFTING TRACES -- 5.1.1 Exploration and identifi cation of use motion impact -- 5.1.1.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 5.1.1.2 Microscopic analysis -- 5.1.1.3 Conclusion -- 5.1.2 Systematic verifi cation of use motion impact:material worked -- 5.1.2.1 High-pressure use motions: adzing and chiselling -- 5.1.2.2 Medium-pressure use motion: scraping. 5.1.2.3 Medium-pressure use motion: grooving -- 5.1.3 Systematic verifi cation of use motion impact: hafting material -- 5.1.3.1 High-pressure use motions: adzing and chiselling -- 5.1.3.2 Moderate-pressure use motions: scraping and grooving -- 5.1.4 Systematic verifi cation of use motion impact: hafting arrangement -- 5.1.4.1 High-pressure use motions: adzing and chiselling -- 5.1.4.2 Moderate-pressure use motions: scraping and grooving -- 5.1.5 Extrapolation to other use motions -- 5.1.6 Conclusion: proposal of distinctive criteria -- 5.2 INFLUENCE OF THE MATERIAL WORKED ON THE FORMATION PROCESS OF HAFTING TRACES -- 5.2.1 Exploration and identifi cation of the impact of the material worked -- 5.2.1.1 Adzing tools -- 5.2.1.2 Scraping tools -- 5.2.1.3 Conclusion -- 5.2.2 Systematic verifi cation of the impact of material worked: use motion -- 5.2.3 Systematic verifi cation of the impact of material worked: hafting material -- 5.2.3.1 Adzing tools -- 5.2.3.2 Scraping tools -- 5.2.4 Systematic verifi cation of the impact of material worked: hafting arrangement -- 5.2.4.1 Adzing tools -- 5.2.4.2 Scraping tools -- 5.2.5 Extrapolation to other materials worked -- 5.2.6 Conclusion -- 5.3 DISCUSSION -- 5.3.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 5.3.1.1 Hafting -- 5.3.1.2 Haft limit -- 5.3.1.3 Relative hardness of the hafting material -- 5.3.1.4 Hafting method -- 5.3.2 Low Power analysis -- 5.3.2.1 Hafting -- 5.3.2.2 Haft limit -- 5.3.2.3 Hafting material -- 5.3.2.4 Hafting method -- 5.3.3 High Power analysis -- 5.3.3.1 Hafting -- 5.3.3.2 Haft limit -- 5.3.3.3 Hafting material -- 5.3.3.4 Hafting method -- 5.3.4 Conclusion -- 5.4 CONCLUSION -- 6. HAFTING TRACES - DOMINANT VARIABLES II: HAFTING MATERIAL AND HAFTING ARRANGEMENT -- 6.1 INFLUENCE OF HAFT MATERIAL ON THE PROCESS OF HAFTING TRACE FORMATION -- 6.1.1 Exploration and identifi cation of the impact of haft material. 6.1.1.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 6.1.1.2 Microscopic analysis -- 6.1.1.3 Conclusion -- 6.1.2 Systematic verifi cation of the impact of haft material: dorsal haft contact -- 6.1.2.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 6.1.2.2 Microscopic analysis -- 6.1.3 Systematic verifi cation of the impact of haft material: use motion and material worked -- 6.1.3.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 6.1.3.2 Microscopic analysis -- 6.1.4 Systematic verifi cation of haft material impact: haft type -- 6.1.4.1 Polish -- 6.1.4.2 Scarring -- 6.1.4.3 Bright spots -- 6.1.4.4 Striations and rounding/smoothing -- 6.1.5 Extrapolation to other haft materials -- 6.1.5.1 Polish -- 6.1.5.2 Scarring -- 6.1.5.3 Bright spots -- 6.1.5.4 Striations -- 6.1.5.5 Rounding/smoothing -- 6.1.6 Conclusion: proposal of distinctive criteria -- 6.2 INFLUENCE OF BINDING MATERIAL ON THE FORMATION PROCESS OF HAFTING TRACES -- 6.2.1 Exploration and identifi cation of binding material impact -- 6.2.1.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 6.2.1.2 Microscopic analysis -- 6.2.2 Systematic verifi cation of binding material impact: dorsal haft contact -- 6.2.2.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 6.2.2.2 Microscopic analysis -- 6.2.3 Systematic verifi cation of binding material impact: use motion and material worked -- 6.2.3.1 Polish -- 6.2.3.2 Scarring -- 6.2.4 Systematic verifi cation of binding material impact: hafting arrangement -- 6.2.5 Conclusion: proposal of distinctive criteria -- 6.3 INFLUENCE OF HAFTING ARRANGEMENT ON THE FORMATION PROCESS OF HAFTING TRACES -- 6.3.1 Exploration and identifi cation of hafting arrangement impact -- 6.3.1.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 6.3.1.2 Microscopic analysis -- 6.3.1.3 Conclusion -- 6.3.2 Systematic verifi cation of hafting arrangement impact : use motion -- 6.3.2.1 Macroscopic analysis -- 6.3.2.2 Microscopic analysis -- 6.3.2.3 Conclusion -- 6.3.3 Conclusion: proposal of distinctive criteria. 6.4 INFLUENCE OF USE OF WRAPPING ON THE FORMATION PROCESS OF HAFTING TRACES.
The capacity to mount stone tools in or on a handle is considered an important innovation in past human behaviour. The insight to assemble two different materials (organic and inorganic) into a better functioning entity indicates the presence of the required mental capacity and technological expertise. Although the identification of stone tool use based on microscopic analysis was introduced in the 1960s, distinguishing between hand-held and hafted tool use has remained a more difficult issue. This volume introduces a methodology, based on a systematic, in-depth study of prehension and hafting traces on experimental stone artefacts, which allows their recognition in archaeological assemblages. The author proposes a number of distinctive macro- and microscopic wear traits for identifying hand-held and hafted stone tools and for identifying the exact hafting arrangement. Tested hafting arrangements vary according to the articulation between stone tool and handle, and to the raw materials and fixation agents used. Tool uses include various motions and worked materials. This largely experimental investigation concludes in a blind testing of the reliability of the method itself, showing that a wider application of the designed method has the potential to contribute significantly to our understanding of technological changes and evolutions and past human behaviour.
9789461660060
Flintknapping.
Tools, Prehistoric.
Stone implements.
Flintwork.
Electronic books.
GN799.T6 -- R68 2010eb
930.1