Cross-Border Juridical VAT Double Taxation in the Framework of European Law.
Streicher, Annika.
Cross-Border Juridical VAT Double Taxation in the Framework of European Law. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (285 pages) - WU - Tax Law and Policy Series . - WU - Tax Law and Policy Series .
Cover page -- Title -- Copyright -- Preface -- List of Abbreviations -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1. Setting the scene -- 1.2. The economic impact of VAT disputes -- 1.3. EU Commission action on VAT double taxation -- 1.4. VAT double taxation in ECJ jurisprudence -- 1.5. Aim of the book -- 1.6. Structure of the book -- Chapter 2: The Concept of VAT Double Taxation -- 2.1. Outline -- 2.2. Definition of VAT double taxation -- 2.2.1. Definition of double taxation in the direct tax sphere -- 2.2.2. Juridical and economic double taxation in VAT -- 2.2.3. The term "double taxation" in the VAT Directive -- 2.2.4. VAT double non-taxation -- 2.3. Constellations in which VAT double taxation can arise -- 2.4. Causes of juridical VAT double taxation -- 2.4.1. Underlying concepts causing double taxation in direct tax and VAT -- 2.4.2. Intra-EU constellations -- 2.4.2.1. Two categories of causes for VAT double taxation -- 2.4.2.2. Double taxation due to divergent rules -- 2.4.2.2.1. Diverging domestic implementation of VAT rules -- 2.4.2.2.2. Limits to harmonization -- 2.4.2.3. Double taxation despite identical rules -- 2.4.2.3.1. Diverging interpretation of identical rules -- 2.4.2.3.2. Differing assessments of the facts of a case -- 2.4.3. Mixed constellations -- 2.4.3.1. Double taxation due to divergent rules -- 2.4.3.2. Double taxation despite identical rules -- 2.4.4. Interim conclusion -- Chapter 3: Existing VAT Dispute Resolution Mechanisms -- 3.1. Outline -- 3.2. Dispute prevention and dispute resolution -- 3.3. Mechanisms in domestic law -- 3.3.1. Unilateral waiver of taxing rights -- 3.3.2. Domestic court proceedings -- 3.3.3. Domestic arbitration -- 3.4. Mechanisms in EU law -- 3.4.1. Preliminary ruling procedure -- 3.4.2. Infringement procedure. 3.4.3. Regulation (EU) No 904/2010 on administrative cooperation and combating fraud in the field of VAT -- 3.4.4. SOLVIT -- 3.5. Mechanisms based in EU and international law inapplicable in VAT -- 3.6. Interim conclusion -- Chapter 4: Prohibition of VAT Double Taxation under Article 110 of the TFEU and the EU Fundamental Freedoms -- 4.1. Outline -- 4.2. Putting VAT double taxation into boxes -- 4.2.1. Category 1: Provisions in the VAT Directive -- 4.2.2. Category 2: Diverging domestic implementation of provisions of the VAT Directive through an incorrect domestic implementation of the Directive -- 4.2.3. Category 3: Differing interpretations of the same provision, relevant concepts or differing assessments of factual circumstances -- 4.2.4. Category 4: Limits to harmonization - differing use of options granted by the Directive -- 4.2.5. Category 5: VAT double taxation in mixed constellations -- 4.3. Prohibition of juridical VAT double taxation under the fundamental freedoms and article 110 of the TFEU -- 4.3.1. Article 110 of the TFEU -- 4.3.1.1. Aim and scope -- 4.3.1.2. Article 110(1) of the TFEU: Discrimination of similar products -- 4.3.1.3. Article 110(2) of the TFEU: Protectionism in favour of domestic products -- 4.3.2. The free movement of goods and the freedom to provide services -- 4.3.2.1. Free movement of goods: Articles 30, 34 and 35 of the TFEU -- 4.3.2.2. Freedom to provide services: Article 56 of the TFEU -- 4.3.3. Relationship between article 110 of the TFEU and the free movement of goods and the freedom to provide services -- 4.3.4. VAT double taxation as an infringement of article 110 of the TFEU? -- 4.3.4.1. ECJ Schul I -- 4.3.4.2. ECJ Schul II -- 4.3.4.3. Schul jurisprudence in later case law -- 4.3.4.4. Can a prohibition of juridical VAT double taxation be derived from ECJ case law on article 110 of the TFEU?. 4.3.4.5. Practical application of Schul principles to juridical VAT double taxation -- 4.3.5. VAT double taxation as an infringement of the free movement of goods and the freedom to provide services? -- 4.3.5.1. Infringements of articles 34, 35 and 56 of the TFEU -- 4.3.5.1.1. Infringements of the fundamental freedoms in the tax sphere: Non-restriction or non-discrimination? -- 4.3.5.2. Double taxation as an infringement of the fundamental freedoms -- 4.3.5.3. Justification -- 4.3.5.3.1. Rule of reason (Cassis de Dijon rule) -- 4.3.5.3.2. Rule of reason in the direct tax area -- 4.3.5.3.3. Rule of reason in the indirect tax area -- 4.3.5.4. Proportionality -- 4.4. The hierarchy of EU legal norms -- 4.4.1. The shielding effect of secondary law -- 4.4.2. The method of consistent interpretation -- 4.5. Consequences for juridical VAT double taxation -- 4.5.1. Category 1: Provisions in the VAT Directive -- 4.5.2. Category 2: Diverging or incorrect domestic implementation of provisions of the VAT Directive -- 4.5.3. Category 3: Differing interpretations of the same provision, relevant concepts or differing assessments of factual circumstances -- 4.5.4. Category 4: Limits to harmonization - differing use of options granted by the Directive -- 4.5.5. Category 5: VAT double taxation in mixed constellations -- 4.6. Interim conclusion -- Chapter 5: Prohibition of VAT Double Taxation under the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union -- 5.1. Outline -- 5.2. Applicability of the CFR in VAT -- 5.3. Article 20 of the CFR: Equality before the law -- 5.4. Article 16 of the CFR: Freedom to conduct a business -- 5.5. Article 17 of the CFR: Right to property -- 5.5.1. Personal scope -- 5.5.2. Substantive scope -- 5.5.2.1. The concept of property -- 5.5.2.2. Is taxation covered by the scope of article 17 of the CFR? -- 5.5.3. Infringement. 5.5.4. Justification -- 5.5.4.1. Testing scheme -- 5.5.4.2. Lawfulness -- 5.5.4.3. Public or general interest -- 5.5.4.4. Fair compensation -- 5.5.4.5. Proportionality -- 5.5.5. VAT double taxation as a violation of the right to property? -- 5.5.5.1. Infringement -- 5.5.5.1.1. Expropriation -- 5.5.5.1.2. Restriction of the exercise of property rights -- 5.5.5.2. Lawfulness -- 5.5.5.2.1. Lawful and unlawful double taxation -- 5.5.5.2.2. Lawful and unlawful double taxation in VAT -- 5.5.5.3. A multitude of actors and actions leading to a single infringement -- 5.5.5.4. Public or general interest -- 5.5.5.5. Proportionality -- 5.6. Interim conclusion -- Chapter 6: Potential New VAT Dispute Resolution Mechanisms and the Competence for their Adoption -- 6.1. Outline -- 6.2. Overview: Proposals -- 6.2.1. Insertion of a MAP/arbitration clause into the VAT Directive -- 6.2.2. Introduction of an individual right to refer cases to the ECJ -- 6.2.3. Conclusion of VAT treaties -- 6.3. Rules for the use of competences under articles 4 and 5 of the TEU -- 6.3.1. Articles 4(1) and 5(2) of the TEU: Conferral of competences -- 6.3.2. Article 5(3) of the TEU: Subsidiarity principle -- 6.3.3. Article 5(4) of the TEU: Proportionality principle -- 6.4. Internal EU competences -- 6.4.1. Internal and external aspects of EU competence -- 6.4.2. Types of internal competences -- 6.4.2.1. Exclusive competences pursuant to article 3(1) of the TFEU -- 6.4.2.2. Shared competences pursuant to article 4 of the TFEU -- 6.4.2.3. Supporting competences pursuant to article 6 of the TFEU -- 6.4.3. Article 113 of the TFEU: Harmonization of indirect taxation -- 6.5. Internal competence to implement VAT dispute resolution mechanisms -- 6.5.1. Proposal: Insertion of a MAP/arbitration clause into the VAT Directive. 6.5.1.1. Competence to insert a MAP/arbitration clause into the VAT Directive -- 6.5.1.1.1. Applicability of article 113 of the TFEU -- 6.5.1.1.2. Subsidiarity principle -- 6.5.1.1.3. Proportionality principle -- 6.5.1.2. Evaluation -- 6.5.2. Proposal: Introduction of an individual right to refer cases to the ECJ -- 6.5.2.1. Treaty amendment procedure -- 6.5.2.2. Evaluation -- 6.6. External EU competences -- 6.6.1. External competences pre-Lisbon: The implied powers doctrine -- 6.6.1.1. Origins of the implied powers doctrine -- 6.6.1.2. Existence of implied external competences -- 6.6.1.2.1. AETR-type competence -- 6.6.1.2.2. Opinion 1/76-type competence -- 6.6.1.3. Nature of implied external competences -- 6.6.1.3.1. AETR exclusivity -- 6.6.1.3.2. Exclusivity based on the necessity ratio of Opinion 1/76 -- 6.6.2. Codification of external competences in articles 3(2) and 216 of the TFEU -- 6.6.2.1. Relevance of pre-Lisbon case law -- 6.6.2.2. Article 216(1) of the TFEU -- 6.6.2.3. Article 3(2) of the TFEU -- 6.6.3. Shared external competences -- 6.6.4. Types of international agreements -- 6.7. External competences to implement VAT dispute resolution mechanisms -- 6.7.1. Existence of external EU competence for the conclusion of VAT treaties -- 6.7.2. Nature of the external EU competence -- 6.7.3. Evaluation -- 6.8. Interim conclusion -- Chapter 7: The Competence to Decide VAT Cases: Distribution of Competences between the ECJ and VAT Arbitration Panels -- 7.1. Outline -- 7.2. VAT arbitration in intra-EU constellations -- 7.2.1. The ECJ's exclusive jurisdiction -- 7.2.2. Balancing exclusive ECJ jurisdiction and VAT arbitration -- 7.3. VAT arbitration in mixed constellations -- 7.3.1. Opinion 1/17 and its effects on the ECJ's exclusive jurisdiction -- 7.3.2. Arbitration under the VAT treaty compatible with the ECJ's exclusive jurisdiction in VAT?. 7.4. Interim conclusion.
This book analyses VAT double taxation from the viewpoint of primary EU law and proposes mechanisms for the resolution of this issue.
9789087228439
Taxation-Law and legislation.
Double taxation.
Electronic books.
K4460 .S774 2023
343.04
Cross-Border Juridical VAT Double Taxation in the Framework of European Law. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (285 pages) - WU - Tax Law and Policy Series . - WU - Tax Law and Policy Series .
Cover page -- Title -- Copyright -- Preface -- List of Abbreviations -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1. Setting the scene -- 1.2. The economic impact of VAT disputes -- 1.3. EU Commission action on VAT double taxation -- 1.4. VAT double taxation in ECJ jurisprudence -- 1.5. Aim of the book -- 1.6. Structure of the book -- Chapter 2: The Concept of VAT Double Taxation -- 2.1. Outline -- 2.2. Definition of VAT double taxation -- 2.2.1. Definition of double taxation in the direct tax sphere -- 2.2.2. Juridical and economic double taxation in VAT -- 2.2.3. The term "double taxation" in the VAT Directive -- 2.2.4. VAT double non-taxation -- 2.3. Constellations in which VAT double taxation can arise -- 2.4. Causes of juridical VAT double taxation -- 2.4.1. Underlying concepts causing double taxation in direct tax and VAT -- 2.4.2. Intra-EU constellations -- 2.4.2.1. Two categories of causes for VAT double taxation -- 2.4.2.2. Double taxation due to divergent rules -- 2.4.2.2.1. Diverging domestic implementation of VAT rules -- 2.4.2.2.2. Limits to harmonization -- 2.4.2.3. Double taxation despite identical rules -- 2.4.2.3.1. Diverging interpretation of identical rules -- 2.4.2.3.2. Differing assessments of the facts of a case -- 2.4.3. Mixed constellations -- 2.4.3.1. Double taxation due to divergent rules -- 2.4.3.2. Double taxation despite identical rules -- 2.4.4. Interim conclusion -- Chapter 3: Existing VAT Dispute Resolution Mechanisms -- 3.1. Outline -- 3.2. Dispute prevention and dispute resolution -- 3.3. Mechanisms in domestic law -- 3.3.1. Unilateral waiver of taxing rights -- 3.3.2. Domestic court proceedings -- 3.3.3. Domestic arbitration -- 3.4. Mechanisms in EU law -- 3.4.1. Preliminary ruling procedure -- 3.4.2. Infringement procedure. 3.4.3. Regulation (EU) No 904/2010 on administrative cooperation and combating fraud in the field of VAT -- 3.4.4. SOLVIT -- 3.5. Mechanisms based in EU and international law inapplicable in VAT -- 3.6. Interim conclusion -- Chapter 4: Prohibition of VAT Double Taxation under Article 110 of the TFEU and the EU Fundamental Freedoms -- 4.1. Outline -- 4.2. Putting VAT double taxation into boxes -- 4.2.1. Category 1: Provisions in the VAT Directive -- 4.2.2. Category 2: Diverging domestic implementation of provisions of the VAT Directive through an incorrect domestic implementation of the Directive -- 4.2.3. Category 3: Differing interpretations of the same provision, relevant concepts or differing assessments of factual circumstances -- 4.2.4. Category 4: Limits to harmonization - differing use of options granted by the Directive -- 4.2.5. Category 5: VAT double taxation in mixed constellations -- 4.3. Prohibition of juridical VAT double taxation under the fundamental freedoms and article 110 of the TFEU -- 4.3.1. Article 110 of the TFEU -- 4.3.1.1. Aim and scope -- 4.3.1.2. Article 110(1) of the TFEU: Discrimination of similar products -- 4.3.1.3. Article 110(2) of the TFEU: Protectionism in favour of domestic products -- 4.3.2. The free movement of goods and the freedom to provide services -- 4.3.2.1. Free movement of goods: Articles 30, 34 and 35 of the TFEU -- 4.3.2.2. Freedom to provide services: Article 56 of the TFEU -- 4.3.3. Relationship between article 110 of the TFEU and the free movement of goods and the freedom to provide services -- 4.3.4. VAT double taxation as an infringement of article 110 of the TFEU? -- 4.3.4.1. ECJ Schul I -- 4.3.4.2. ECJ Schul II -- 4.3.4.3. Schul jurisprudence in later case law -- 4.3.4.4. Can a prohibition of juridical VAT double taxation be derived from ECJ case law on article 110 of the TFEU?. 4.3.4.5. Practical application of Schul principles to juridical VAT double taxation -- 4.3.5. VAT double taxation as an infringement of the free movement of goods and the freedom to provide services? -- 4.3.5.1. Infringements of articles 34, 35 and 56 of the TFEU -- 4.3.5.1.1. Infringements of the fundamental freedoms in the tax sphere: Non-restriction or non-discrimination? -- 4.3.5.2. Double taxation as an infringement of the fundamental freedoms -- 4.3.5.3. Justification -- 4.3.5.3.1. Rule of reason (Cassis de Dijon rule) -- 4.3.5.3.2. Rule of reason in the direct tax area -- 4.3.5.3.3. Rule of reason in the indirect tax area -- 4.3.5.4. Proportionality -- 4.4. The hierarchy of EU legal norms -- 4.4.1. The shielding effect of secondary law -- 4.4.2. The method of consistent interpretation -- 4.5. Consequences for juridical VAT double taxation -- 4.5.1. Category 1: Provisions in the VAT Directive -- 4.5.2. Category 2: Diverging or incorrect domestic implementation of provisions of the VAT Directive -- 4.5.3. Category 3: Differing interpretations of the same provision, relevant concepts or differing assessments of factual circumstances -- 4.5.4. Category 4: Limits to harmonization - differing use of options granted by the Directive -- 4.5.5. Category 5: VAT double taxation in mixed constellations -- 4.6. Interim conclusion -- Chapter 5: Prohibition of VAT Double Taxation under the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union -- 5.1. Outline -- 5.2. Applicability of the CFR in VAT -- 5.3. Article 20 of the CFR: Equality before the law -- 5.4. Article 16 of the CFR: Freedom to conduct a business -- 5.5. Article 17 of the CFR: Right to property -- 5.5.1. Personal scope -- 5.5.2. Substantive scope -- 5.5.2.1. The concept of property -- 5.5.2.2. Is taxation covered by the scope of article 17 of the CFR? -- 5.5.3. Infringement. 5.5.4. Justification -- 5.5.4.1. Testing scheme -- 5.5.4.2. Lawfulness -- 5.5.4.3. Public or general interest -- 5.5.4.4. Fair compensation -- 5.5.4.5. Proportionality -- 5.5.5. VAT double taxation as a violation of the right to property? -- 5.5.5.1. Infringement -- 5.5.5.1.1. Expropriation -- 5.5.5.1.2. Restriction of the exercise of property rights -- 5.5.5.2. Lawfulness -- 5.5.5.2.1. Lawful and unlawful double taxation -- 5.5.5.2.2. Lawful and unlawful double taxation in VAT -- 5.5.5.3. A multitude of actors and actions leading to a single infringement -- 5.5.5.4. Public or general interest -- 5.5.5.5. Proportionality -- 5.6. Interim conclusion -- Chapter 6: Potential New VAT Dispute Resolution Mechanisms and the Competence for their Adoption -- 6.1. Outline -- 6.2. Overview: Proposals -- 6.2.1. Insertion of a MAP/arbitration clause into the VAT Directive -- 6.2.2. Introduction of an individual right to refer cases to the ECJ -- 6.2.3. Conclusion of VAT treaties -- 6.3. Rules for the use of competences under articles 4 and 5 of the TEU -- 6.3.1. Articles 4(1) and 5(2) of the TEU: Conferral of competences -- 6.3.2. Article 5(3) of the TEU: Subsidiarity principle -- 6.3.3. Article 5(4) of the TEU: Proportionality principle -- 6.4. Internal EU competences -- 6.4.1. Internal and external aspects of EU competence -- 6.4.2. Types of internal competences -- 6.4.2.1. Exclusive competences pursuant to article 3(1) of the TFEU -- 6.4.2.2. Shared competences pursuant to article 4 of the TFEU -- 6.4.2.3. Supporting competences pursuant to article 6 of the TFEU -- 6.4.3. Article 113 of the TFEU: Harmonization of indirect taxation -- 6.5. Internal competence to implement VAT dispute resolution mechanisms -- 6.5.1. Proposal: Insertion of a MAP/arbitration clause into the VAT Directive. 6.5.1.1. Competence to insert a MAP/arbitration clause into the VAT Directive -- 6.5.1.1.1. Applicability of article 113 of the TFEU -- 6.5.1.1.2. Subsidiarity principle -- 6.5.1.1.3. Proportionality principle -- 6.5.1.2. Evaluation -- 6.5.2. Proposal: Introduction of an individual right to refer cases to the ECJ -- 6.5.2.1. Treaty amendment procedure -- 6.5.2.2. Evaluation -- 6.6. External EU competences -- 6.6.1. External competences pre-Lisbon: The implied powers doctrine -- 6.6.1.1. Origins of the implied powers doctrine -- 6.6.1.2. Existence of implied external competences -- 6.6.1.2.1. AETR-type competence -- 6.6.1.2.2. Opinion 1/76-type competence -- 6.6.1.3. Nature of implied external competences -- 6.6.1.3.1. AETR exclusivity -- 6.6.1.3.2. Exclusivity based on the necessity ratio of Opinion 1/76 -- 6.6.2. Codification of external competences in articles 3(2) and 216 of the TFEU -- 6.6.2.1. Relevance of pre-Lisbon case law -- 6.6.2.2. Article 216(1) of the TFEU -- 6.6.2.3. Article 3(2) of the TFEU -- 6.6.3. Shared external competences -- 6.6.4. Types of international agreements -- 6.7. External competences to implement VAT dispute resolution mechanisms -- 6.7.1. Existence of external EU competence for the conclusion of VAT treaties -- 6.7.2. Nature of the external EU competence -- 6.7.3. Evaluation -- 6.8. Interim conclusion -- Chapter 7: The Competence to Decide VAT Cases: Distribution of Competences between the ECJ and VAT Arbitration Panels -- 7.1. Outline -- 7.2. VAT arbitration in intra-EU constellations -- 7.2.1. The ECJ's exclusive jurisdiction -- 7.2.2. Balancing exclusive ECJ jurisdiction and VAT arbitration -- 7.3. VAT arbitration in mixed constellations -- 7.3.1. Opinion 1/17 and its effects on the ECJ's exclusive jurisdiction -- 7.3.2. Arbitration under the VAT treaty compatible with the ECJ's exclusive jurisdiction in VAT?. 7.4. Interim conclusion.
This book analyses VAT double taxation from the viewpoint of primary EU law and proposes mechanisms for the resolution of this issue.
9789087228439
Taxation-Law and legislation.
Double taxation.
Electronic books.
K4460 .S774 2023
343.04