Phosphorus : Removal and Recovery from Wastewater.
Schaum, Christian.
Phosphorus : Removal and Recovery from Wastewater. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (591 pages) - Integrated Environmental Technology Series . - Integrated Environmental Technology Series .
Cover -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the Editor -- Preface - Phosphorus: Curse and Blessing? -- Part I: Phosphorus - A Special Element -- Chapter 1: Phosphorus the pollutant -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Perceptions of Phosphorus as a Pollutant -- 1.3 Reactive P from Rural Environments -- 1.3.1 The phosphorus transfer continuum -- 1.4 Reactive P from Urban Environments -- 1.4.1 Urban wastewater discharges -- 1.4.2 Urban stormwater run-off -- 1.5 Are All Sources of Phosphorus Equally Polluting? -- 1.5.1 Ecological relevance of phosphorus forms -- 1.6 Control of Phosphorus Pollution -- 1.6.1 Point source controls -- 1.6.2 Diffuse source controls -- 1.7 Strategies Towards More Sustainable Phosphorus Use -- 1.8 Conclusions -- 1.9 References -- Chapter 2: Phosphate pollution: A global overview of the problem -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The European Union -- 2.3 The United States -- 2.4 Australia -- 2.5 Japan -- 2.6 South and East Asia -- 2.7 Africa -- 2.8 Antarctica -- 2.9 Conclusions -- 2.10 References -- Chapter 3: Phosphorus as a resource -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Phosphorus Flow Analysis -- 3.2.1 Phosphorus flows in Europe -- 3.2.2 Global phosphorus flows -- 3.3 Mineral Phosphorus Resources and Reserves -- 3.3.1 Definition of resources and reserves -- 3.4 The Problem with Today's Global Phosphorus Flows -- 3.4.1 Economic scarcity -- 3.4.2 Environmental pollution -- 3.4.3 Providing phosphorus for future generations -- 3.4.4 Regional differences in phosphorus balances -- 3.5 Conclusions -- 3.6 References -- Part II: Elimination of Phosphorus from Wastewater -- Chapter 4: Phosphorus in wastewater -- 4.1 Origin of Phosphorus in Wastewater -- 4.2 Concentration and Load of Phosphorus in Municipal and Industrial Wastewater -- 4.2.1 Domestic wastewater -- 4.2.2 Wastewater from industrial and commercial sources. 4.3 Chemical Analysis of Phosphorus in Wastewater and Sludge -- 4.3.1 Speciation of phosphorus -- 4.3.2 Determination of phosphorus in water and wastewater -- 4.3.3 Sequential extraction procedures to determine the binding form of phosphorus -- 4.3.4 Determination of phosphonates -- 4.4 References -- Chapter 5: Phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment plants -- 5.1 Biological Phosphorus Removal -- 5.1.1 Process configurations for EBPR -- 5.1.2 Factors affecting performance -- 5.2 Chemical Phosphorus Removal -- 5.2.1 Process principles -- 5.2.2 Mechanisms of chemical phosphorus removal -- 5.2.3 Applications of chemical phosphorus removal -- 5.3 References -- Chapter 6: Total solids and phosphorus: A cross-linked topic? -- 6.1 Necessity of Advanced Phosphorus and Particle Removal -- 6.2 Phosphorus and Particles -- 6.3 Processes of Advanced P-Elimination -- 6.4 Processes of Solid Removal -- 6.4.1 Overview of separation processes -- 6.4.2 Sedimentation, lamella separator, flotation in combination with post-precipitation -- 6.4.3 Filtration processes -- 6.4.4 Shallow bed filtration -- 6.4.5 Deep bed filtration -- 6.4.6 Membrane filtration -- 6.5 Assessment of the Different Particle Separation Processes -- 6.6 References -- Chapter 7: Effects of phosphorus removal in wastewater on sludge treatment processes and sludge dewatering -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Determination of Dewaterability of Sewage Sludges -- 7.3 Impact of was and Biological P-Removal on Sludge Dewatering -- 7.4 Alternative for Mitigating the Impact of EBPR on Dewatering -- 7.4.1 Phosphate reduction through metal salt addition -- 7.4.2 Stored phosphorus release -- 7.4.3 Thermal and chemical thermal cell lysis -- 7.4.4 Struvite precipitation -- 7.5 Summary -- 7.6 References -- Chapter 8: Phosphorus removal and recovery in focus of a holistic wastewater treatment of the future. 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Approaches for Improved Biological Phosphorus Removal and Subsequent Recovery -- 8.2.1 Kinetic values of conventional biological phosphorus removal -- 8.2.2 Optimization of classical biological phosphorus removal -- 8.2.3 Membrane processes -- 8.2.4 Alternative microorganisms and metabolic processes for phosphorus fixation -- 8.3 Innovative Methods for Improved Interfaces between Phosphorus Removal and Recyclate Production -- 8.3.1 Microbial fuel cell -- 8.3.2 Algae and macrophyte cultures (aquatic plants) -- 8.3.3 Use of enzymes/proteins -- 8.3.4 Bioleaching -- 8.3.5 P-mobilization by bacterial colonization -- 8.3.6 Plant systems for heavy metal depletion -- 8.3.7 Fungi or mycorrhiza -- 8.4 Emerging Process Designs and Their Impact on Phosphorus Removal and Recovery -- 8.4.1 Characterization of phosphorus compounds occurring in wastewater treatment -- 8.4.2 Exemplary treatment concepts and their effect on phosphorus removal and recovery -- 8.4.3 Comparison and evaluation of phosphorus removal concepts in WWTPs of the future -- 8.5 References -- Chapter 9: Phosphorus removal: An economic assessment -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Background on Phosphorus Removal -- 9.3 Factors Affecting Costs of Phosphorus Removal -- 9.4 Economic Assessment of Different Systems -- 9.5 Costs of Phosphorus Removal -- 9.5.1 Introduction -- 9.5.2 Capital costs (simultaneous precipitation) -- 9.5.3 Capital costs (enhanced biological phosphorus removal) -- 9.5.4 Capital costs (filtration) -- 9.5.5 Capital costs (summary) -- 9.5.6 Operational costs -- 9.5.7 Lifecycle costs -- 9.6 Summary -- 9.7 References -- Chapter 10: Modeling the phosphorus cycle in the wastewater treatment process -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Phosphorus transformations in wastewater treatment -- 10.2 Modeling Phosphorus Transformations. 10.2.1 Biological transformations in mainline -- 10.2.2 Anaerobic transformations in sidestream -- 10.2.3 Chemical transformations -- 10.3 Plant-Wide Modeling of Phosphorus -- 10.3.1 Modeling interactions with iron and sulfur cycles -- 10.3.2 Implementation and solution in a plant-wide context -- 10.4 Perspectives and Challenges -- 10.4.1 Modeling challenges -- 10.4.2 Enhancing phosphorus recovery -- 10.5 Conclusions -- 10.6 References -- Part IIIa: Phosphorus Recovery: Technology -- Chapter 11: Wastewater as a resource: From rare earth metals to phosphorus -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Elemental Composition of Sewage Sludge -- 11.3 German Survey of Sewage Sludge Ashes -- 11.4 References -- Chapter 12: From push to pull: Coupling the diverse phosphorus products to the market -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.1.1 A new product in an existing market -- 12.1.2 From supply driven to demand driven -- 12.2 Stakeholders In Supply Chain -- 12.2.1 The supply chain -- 12.2.2 Suppliers -- 12.2.3 Users -- 12.2.4 Service providers -- 12.2.5 Policymakers -- 12.3 Meeting Demand -- 12.3.1 General requirements demand -- 12.3.2 Summary requirements -- 12.4 Towards Pull: What to Do? -- 12.4.1 Choosing and creating supply chain -- 12.4.2 Top products -- 12.4.3 Visibility and accessibility of product -- 12.4.4 The contract -- 12.4.5 Closed a contract: now what? -- 12.5 References -- Chapter 13: Phosphorus recovery - the North American perspective -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Key Drivers and Barriers -- 13.3 Technology Review -- 13.3.1 Fluidized bed reactor -- 13.3.2 Waste activated sludge stripping to recover internal phosphate (WASSTRIP®) -- 13.3.3 AirPrex™ -- 13.4 Market Analysis -- 13.5 Case Studies -- 13.6 Conclusion -- 13.7 References -- Chapter 14: The current situation regarding phosphorus recovery in Asian countries -- 14.1 Phosphorus Demand in the Asia Region. 14.1.1 The phosphorus flow in China -- 14.1.2 The phosphorus flow in Korea -- 14.1.3 The phosphorus flow in Taiwan -- 14.1.4 The phosphorus flow in Thailand -- 14.1.5 The phosphorus flow in Vietnam -- 14.1.6 The phosphorus flow in Japan -- 14.2 Challenges for Phosphorus Recovery from the Japanese Sewerage System -- 14.2.1 Phosphorus recovery technologies -- 14.2.2 Phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge -- 14.2.3 Phosphorus recovery from incineration ash -- 14.2.4 Phosphorus recovery from a melting process -- 14.3 Concluding Remarks -- 14.4 References -- Chapter 15: New research ideas for phosphorus recovery from wastewater and sewage sludge ash -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 New First Generation Processes -- 15.2.1 ExtraPhos® - chemical phosphate recovery from sewage sludge by CO2 acidulation and precipitation -- 15.2.2 Chemical phosphate recovery by functionalized superparamagnetic particles -- 15.2.3 Sequential electrodialytic phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge ash -- 15.2.4 Thermal white phosphorus extraction from sewage sludge ash -- 15.3 Second Generation Processes -- 15.3.1 Nutrient recycling (N + P) by enhanced (microbial) biomass production and nitrogen conservation -- 15.3.2 Nutrient (N + P) recycling by microalgae and mixed microbial cultures to fish and fish products -- 15.3.3 Nutrient recycling from wastewater by lithoautotrophic (aerobic hydrogen oxidizing) bacteria -- 15.4 Summary and Conclusion -- 15.5 References -- Part IIIb: Phosphorus Recovery: Technology -- Chapter 16: The Crystalactor® at the WWTP Geestmerambacht (The Netherlands) -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Process Description -- 16.2.1 Process scheme -- 16.2.2 Chemistry -- 16.2.3 Crystalactor® -- 16.3 Results of the Large-Scale Implementation -- 16.3.1 Performance data -- 16.3.2 Costs -- 16.3.3 Conclusion -- 16.3.4 Fact sheet -- 16.4 References. Chapter 17: AirPrex® sludge optimization and struvite recovery from digested sludge.
9781780408361
Sewage-Purification-Phosphate removal.
Phosphorus-Environmental aspects.
Electronic books.
TD758.5.P56 .P467 2018
628.357
Phosphorus : Removal and Recovery from Wastewater. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (591 pages) - Integrated Environmental Technology Series . - Integrated Environmental Technology Series .
Cover -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the Editor -- Preface - Phosphorus: Curse and Blessing? -- Part I: Phosphorus - A Special Element -- Chapter 1: Phosphorus the pollutant -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Perceptions of Phosphorus as a Pollutant -- 1.3 Reactive P from Rural Environments -- 1.3.1 The phosphorus transfer continuum -- 1.4 Reactive P from Urban Environments -- 1.4.1 Urban wastewater discharges -- 1.4.2 Urban stormwater run-off -- 1.5 Are All Sources of Phosphorus Equally Polluting? -- 1.5.1 Ecological relevance of phosphorus forms -- 1.6 Control of Phosphorus Pollution -- 1.6.1 Point source controls -- 1.6.2 Diffuse source controls -- 1.7 Strategies Towards More Sustainable Phosphorus Use -- 1.8 Conclusions -- 1.9 References -- Chapter 2: Phosphate pollution: A global overview of the problem -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The European Union -- 2.3 The United States -- 2.4 Australia -- 2.5 Japan -- 2.6 South and East Asia -- 2.7 Africa -- 2.8 Antarctica -- 2.9 Conclusions -- 2.10 References -- Chapter 3: Phosphorus as a resource -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Phosphorus Flow Analysis -- 3.2.1 Phosphorus flows in Europe -- 3.2.2 Global phosphorus flows -- 3.3 Mineral Phosphorus Resources and Reserves -- 3.3.1 Definition of resources and reserves -- 3.4 The Problem with Today's Global Phosphorus Flows -- 3.4.1 Economic scarcity -- 3.4.2 Environmental pollution -- 3.4.3 Providing phosphorus for future generations -- 3.4.4 Regional differences in phosphorus balances -- 3.5 Conclusions -- 3.6 References -- Part II: Elimination of Phosphorus from Wastewater -- Chapter 4: Phosphorus in wastewater -- 4.1 Origin of Phosphorus in Wastewater -- 4.2 Concentration and Load of Phosphorus in Municipal and Industrial Wastewater -- 4.2.1 Domestic wastewater -- 4.2.2 Wastewater from industrial and commercial sources. 4.3 Chemical Analysis of Phosphorus in Wastewater and Sludge -- 4.3.1 Speciation of phosphorus -- 4.3.2 Determination of phosphorus in water and wastewater -- 4.3.3 Sequential extraction procedures to determine the binding form of phosphorus -- 4.3.4 Determination of phosphonates -- 4.4 References -- Chapter 5: Phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment plants -- 5.1 Biological Phosphorus Removal -- 5.1.1 Process configurations for EBPR -- 5.1.2 Factors affecting performance -- 5.2 Chemical Phosphorus Removal -- 5.2.1 Process principles -- 5.2.2 Mechanisms of chemical phosphorus removal -- 5.2.3 Applications of chemical phosphorus removal -- 5.3 References -- Chapter 6: Total solids and phosphorus: A cross-linked topic? -- 6.1 Necessity of Advanced Phosphorus and Particle Removal -- 6.2 Phosphorus and Particles -- 6.3 Processes of Advanced P-Elimination -- 6.4 Processes of Solid Removal -- 6.4.1 Overview of separation processes -- 6.4.2 Sedimentation, lamella separator, flotation in combination with post-precipitation -- 6.4.3 Filtration processes -- 6.4.4 Shallow bed filtration -- 6.4.5 Deep bed filtration -- 6.4.6 Membrane filtration -- 6.5 Assessment of the Different Particle Separation Processes -- 6.6 References -- Chapter 7: Effects of phosphorus removal in wastewater on sludge treatment processes and sludge dewatering -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Determination of Dewaterability of Sewage Sludges -- 7.3 Impact of was and Biological P-Removal on Sludge Dewatering -- 7.4 Alternative for Mitigating the Impact of EBPR on Dewatering -- 7.4.1 Phosphate reduction through metal salt addition -- 7.4.2 Stored phosphorus release -- 7.4.3 Thermal and chemical thermal cell lysis -- 7.4.4 Struvite precipitation -- 7.5 Summary -- 7.6 References -- Chapter 8: Phosphorus removal and recovery in focus of a holistic wastewater treatment of the future. 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Approaches for Improved Biological Phosphorus Removal and Subsequent Recovery -- 8.2.1 Kinetic values of conventional biological phosphorus removal -- 8.2.2 Optimization of classical biological phosphorus removal -- 8.2.3 Membrane processes -- 8.2.4 Alternative microorganisms and metabolic processes for phosphorus fixation -- 8.3 Innovative Methods for Improved Interfaces between Phosphorus Removal and Recyclate Production -- 8.3.1 Microbial fuel cell -- 8.3.2 Algae and macrophyte cultures (aquatic plants) -- 8.3.3 Use of enzymes/proteins -- 8.3.4 Bioleaching -- 8.3.5 P-mobilization by bacterial colonization -- 8.3.6 Plant systems for heavy metal depletion -- 8.3.7 Fungi or mycorrhiza -- 8.4 Emerging Process Designs and Their Impact on Phosphorus Removal and Recovery -- 8.4.1 Characterization of phosphorus compounds occurring in wastewater treatment -- 8.4.2 Exemplary treatment concepts and their effect on phosphorus removal and recovery -- 8.4.3 Comparison and evaluation of phosphorus removal concepts in WWTPs of the future -- 8.5 References -- Chapter 9: Phosphorus removal: An economic assessment -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Background on Phosphorus Removal -- 9.3 Factors Affecting Costs of Phosphorus Removal -- 9.4 Economic Assessment of Different Systems -- 9.5 Costs of Phosphorus Removal -- 9.5.1 Introduction -- 9.5.2 Capital costs (simultaneous precipitation) -- 9.5.3 Capital costs (enhanced biological phosphorus removal) -- 9.5.4 Capital costs (filtration) -- 9.5.5 Capital costs (summary) -- 9.5.6 Operational costs -- 9.5.7 Lifecycle costs -- 9.6 Summary -- 9.7 References -- Chapter 10: Modeling the phosphorus cycle in the wastewater treatment process -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Phosphorus transformations in wastewater treatment -- 10.2 Modeling Phosphorus Transformations. 10.2.1 Biological transformations in mainline -- 10.2.2 Anaerobic transformations in sidestream -- 10.2.3 Chemical transformations -- 10.3 Plant-Wide Modeling of Phosphorus -- 10.3.1 Modeling interactions with iron and sulfur cycles -- 10.3.2 Implementation and solution in a plant-wide context -- 10.4 Perspectives and Challenges -- 10.4.1 Modeling challenges -- 10.4.2 Enhancing phosphorus recovery -- 10.5 Conclusions -- 10.6 References -- Part IIIa: Phosphorus Recovery: Technology -- Chapter 11: Wastewater as a resource: From rare earth metals to phosphorus -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Elemental Composition of Sewage Sludge -- 11.3 German Survey of Sewage Sludge Ashes -- 11.4 References -- Chapter 12: From push to pull: Coupling the diverse phosphorus products to the market -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.1.1 A new product in an existing market -- 12.1.2 From supply driven to demand driven -- 12.2 Stakeholders In Supply Chain -- 12.2.1 The supply chain -- 12.2.2 Suppliers -- 12.2.3 Users -- 12.2.4 Service providers -- 12.2.5 Policymakers -- 12.3 Meeting Demand -- 12.3.1 General requirements demand -- 12.3.2 Summary requirements -- 12.4 Towards Pull: What to Do? -- 12.4.1 Choosing and creating supply chain -- 12.4.2 Top products -- 12.4.3 Visibility and accessibility of product -- 12.4.4 The contract -- 12.4.5 Closed a contract: now what? -- 12.5 References -- Chapter 13: Phosphorus recovery - the North American perspective -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Key Drivers and Barriers -- 13.3 Technology Review -- 13.3.1 Fluidized bed reactor -- 13.3.2 Waste activated sludge stripping to recover internal phosphate (WASSTRIP®) -- 13.3.3 AirPrex™ -- 13.4 Market Analysis -- 13.5 Case Studies -- 13.6 Conclusion -- 13.7 References -- Chapter 14: The current situation regarding phosphorus recovery in Asian countries -- 14.1 Phosphorus Demand in the Asia Region. 14.1.1 The phosphorus flow in China -- 14.1.2 The phosphorus flow in Korea -- 14.1.3 The phosphorus flow in Taiwan -- 14.1.4 The phosphorus flow in Thailand -- 14.1.5 The phosphorus flow in Vietnam -- 14.1.6 The phosphorus flow in Japan -- 14.2 Challenges for Phosphorus Recovery from the Japanese Sewerage System -- 14.2.1 Phosphorus recovery technologies -- 14.2.2 Phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge -- 14.2.3 Phosphorus recovery from incineration ash -- 14.2.4 Phosphorus recovery from a melting process -- 14.3 Concluding Remarks -- 14.4 References -- Chapter 15: New research ideas for phosphorus recovery from wastewater and sewage sludge ash -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 New First Generation Processes -- 15.2.1 ExtraPhos® - chemical phosphate recovery from sewage sludge by CO2 acidulation and precipitation -- 15.2.2 Chemical phosphate recovery by functionalized superparamagnetic particles -- 15.2.3 Sequential electrodialytic phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge ash -- 15.2.4 Thermal white phosphorus extraction from sewage sludge ash -- 15.3 Second Generation Processes -- 15.3.1 Nutrient recycling (N + P) by enhanced (microbial) biomass production and nitrogen conservation -- 15.3.2 Nutrient (N + P) recycling by microalgae and mixed microbial cultures to fish and fish products -- 15.3.3 Nutrient recycling from wastewater by lithoautotrophic (aerobic hydrogen oxidizing) bacteria -- 15.4 Summary and Conclusion -- 15.5 References -- Part IIIb: Phosphorus Recovery: Technology -- Chapter 16: The Crystalactor® at the WWTP Geestmerambacht (The Netherlands) -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Process Description -- 16.2.1 Process scheme -- 16.2.2 Chemistry -- 16.2.3 Crystalactor® -- 16.3 Results of the Large-Scale Implementation -- 16.3.1 Performance data -- 16.3.2 Costs -- 16.3.3 Conclusion -- 16.3.4 Fact sheet -- 16.4 References. Chapter 17: AirPrex® sludge optimization and struvite recovery from digested sludge.
9781780408361
Sewage-Purification-Phosphate removal.
Phosphorus-Environmental aspects.
Electronic books.
TD758.5.P56 .P467 2018
628.357