Global Productivity : Trends, Drivers, and Policies.
Dieppe, Alistair.
Global Productivity : Trends, Drivers, and Policies. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (463 pages)
Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Summary of Contents -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Authors -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Motivation -- Key findings and policy messages -- Implications of COVID-19 for productivity -- Synopsis -- Future research directions -- References -- PART I: Productivity: Trends and Explanations -- Chapter 1 Global Productivity Trends -- Introduction -- Evolution of productivity -- Sources of the slowdown in labor productivity growth after the GFC -- Drivers of productivity growth synchronization -- Conclusion -- Annex 1A: Cyclical and technology-driven labor productivity developments -- References -- Chapter 2 What Explains Productivity Growth -- Introduction -- Long-run drivers -- Summary of stylized facts -- Analyzing the effects of drivers -- Developments in drivers of productivity -- Outlook -- Policy priorities -- Conclusion -- Annex 2A: Partial correlations -- Annex 2B: Long-run regressions -- References -- Chapter 3 What Happens to Productivity during Major Adverse Events -- Introduction -- Adverse events: Literature and stylized facts -- Measuring the impact of adverse events on productivity -- What policies can mitigate the effects of adverse events? -- Conclusion -- Annex 3A: Data, sources, and definitions -- Annex 3B: Robustness -- Annex 3C: Methodology -- References -- Chapter 4 Productivity Convergence: Is Anyone Catching Up? -- Introduction -- How has productivity convergence evolved? -- Testing for convergence and its pace -- Convergence clubs -- Conclusion and policy implications -- Annex 4A: Solow-Swan growth model -- Annex 4B: Data -- Annex 4C: Beta-convergence testing -- Annex 4D: Estimating convergence clubs: Commonalities in productivity levels -- Annex 4E: Convergence clubs with common productivity trajectories. Annex 4F: Productivity measurement: PPP vs. market exchange rates -- References -- PART II: Regional Dimensions of Productivity -- Chapter 5 Regional Productivity: Trends, Explanations, and Policies -- Introduction -- Evolution of productivity across regions -- Sources of, and bottlenecks to, regional productivity growth -- East Asia and Pacific -- Europe and Central Asia -- Latin America and the Caribbean -- Middle East and North Africa -- South Asia -- Sub-Saharan Africa -- Conclusion -- References -- PART III: Technological Change and Sectoral Shifts -- Chapter 6 Productivity: Technology, Demand, and Employment Trade-Offs -- Introduction -- Drivers of productivity: Technology vs. demand shocks -- Effects of technology shocks -- Effects of demand shocks -- Conclusion and policy implications -- Annex 6A: SVAR identification of technology drivers of productivity -- Annex 6B: Commodity-driven productivity developments -- Annex 6C: Commodity-driven productivity developments: Methodology -- References -- Chapter 7 Sectoral Sources of Productivity Growth -- Introduction -- Sectoral productivity gaps -- Sectoral productivity growth -- Policy implications -- Annex 7A: Data and methodology -- Annex 7B: Marginal productivity gap -- Annex 7C: Firm TFP data, estimates, and methodology -- References -- Boxes -- Box 1.1 Productivity: Conceptual considerations and measurement challenges -- Box 2.1 Review of recent firm-level total factor productivity literature -- Box 3.1 How do epidemics affect productivity? -- Box 6.1 Do productivity-enhancing improvements in technology threaten jobs? -- Box 7.1 Patterns of total factor productivity: A firm-level perspective -- Figures -- Figure 1 Productivity -- Figure 2 Productivity trends -- Figure 3 Productivity growth performance and initial conditions -- Figure 4 Productivity after major adverse events. Figure 5 Unconditional, conditional, and club productivity convergence -- Figure 6 Regional productivity developments -- Figure 7 Employment and technological change -- Figure 8 Sectoral productivity developments -- Figure 1.1 Evolution of global productivity growth -- Figure 1.2 Poverty, productivity, and missed opportunities -- Figure 1.3 Growth accounting decomposition -- Figure B1.1.1 Labor productivity decomposition and natural capital in EMDEs -- Figure 1.4 Sectoral contributions to the postcrisis productivity slowdown -- Figure 1.5 Role of cyclical factors in the GFC productivity slowdown -- Figure 1.6 Synchronization of productivity measures: 10-year rolling correlations -- Figure 1.7 Synchronization of productivity measures: Five-year rolling correlations -- Figure 2.1 Innovation -- Figure 2.2 Education -- Figure 2.3 Health and demography -- Figure 2.4 Institutional quality and price stability -- Figure 2.5 Income and gender equality -- Figure 2.6 Trade and foreign direct investment -- Figure 2.7 Urbanization and financial development -- Figure 2.8 Productivity growth performance and key initial conditions -- Figure 2.9 Impact of drivers on productivity growth -- Figure 2.10 Pre-GFC developments in productivity drivers and productivity growth -- Figure 2.11 Post-GFC slowdown of the drivers of productivity growth -- Figure 2.12 EMDE infrastructure and education gaps -- Figure 2.13 Developments in financial and government technology -- Figure 2.14 Effects of reforms in EMDEs -- Figure 3.1 Global occurrence of major adverse events, 1960-2018 -- Figure 3.2 Episodes of natural disaster -- Figure 3.3 Correlations between natural disaster frequency and productivity growth -- Figure B3.1.1 Severity of pandemics, epidemics, and climate disasters -- Figure B3.1.2 Severe disasters and productivity -- Figure B3.1.3 Impact of epidemics. Figure 3.4 Episodes of war -- Figure 3.5 Correlations between war frequency and productivity growth -- Figure 3.6 Episodes of financial crisis -- Figure 3.7 Correlations between financial crisis frequency and productivity growth -- Figure 3.8 Episodes across different types of events -- Figure 3.9 Estimated effects of natural disaster episodes on productivity -- Figure 3.10 Estimated effects of war episodes on productivity in EMDEs -- Figure 3.11 Estimated effects of financial crisis episodes on labor productivity -- Figure 3.12 Comparison of estimated effects in EMDEs -- Figure 3.13 Productivity loss in EMDEs, scaled by event frequency -- Figure 3.14 Productivity loss, taking account of fiscal space in EMDEs -- Figure 3A.1 Time series of number of occurrences, by income group -- Figure 4.1 Labor productivity gaps -- Figure 4.2 Evolution of labor productivity gaps -- Figure 4.3 Conditional and unconditional convergence -- Figure 4.4 Convergence club memberships -- Figure 4.5 Convergence clubs of productivity trajectories -- Figure 4.6 Key characteristics of convergence clubs -- Figure 4.7 Characteristics associated with convergence club membership -- Figure 4.8 Characteristics of EMDEs transitioning to the highest convergence club -- Figure 4.9 Covariates of EMDEs joining top-tier convergence club -- Figure 4D.1 Convergence clubs at specific points in time -- Figure 4D.2 Characteristics of convergence clubs (mixture model) -- Figure 4F.1 PPP-adjusted productivity gaps -- Figure 4F.2 PPP-adjusted growth differentials -- Figure 5.1 Evolution of regional productivity in EMDE regions -- Figure 5.2 Sectoral contributions to regional productivity growth in EMDE regions -- Figure 5.3 Potential bottlenecks to productivity growth in EMDE regions -- Figure 5.4 Productivity in EAP in regional comparison -- Figure 5.5 Evolution of productivity in EAP. Figure 5.6 Factors underlying productivity growth in EAP -- Figure 5.7 Drivers of productivity growth in EAP -- Figure 5.8 Prospects for productivity growth in EAP -- Figure 5.9 Productivity in ECA in regional comparison -- Figure 5.10 Evolution of productivity in ECA -- Figure 5.11 Factors supporting productivity growth in ECA -- Figure 5.12 Drivers of productivity growth in ECA in regional comparison -- Figure 5.13 Drivers of productivity growth in ECA -- Figure 5.14 Productivity in LAC in regional comparison -- Figure 5.15 Evolution of labor productivity growth in LAC -- Figure 5.16 Sources of productivity growth in LAC -- Figure 5.17 Sectoral productivity in LAC -- Figure 5.18 Drivers of productivity growth in LAC in regional comparison -- Figure 5.19 Drivers of productivity growth in LAC -- Figure 5.20 Productivity in MNA in regional comparison -- Figure 5.21 Evolution of labor productivity growth in MNA -- Figure 5.22 Factors supporting productivity growth in MNA -- Figure 5.23 Policy challenges in MNA -- Figure 5.24 Evolution of productivity growth in SAR -- Figure 5.25 Sectoral productivity and employment in SAR -- Figure 5.26 Drivers of productivity growth in SAR -- Figure 5.27 Policy challenges in SAR -- Figure 5.28 Productivity prospects in SAR -- Figure 5.29 Constraints to productivity growth in SAR -- Figure 5.30 Productivity in SSA in regional comparison -- Figure 5.31 Evolution of labor productivity growth in SSA -- Figure 5.32 Sectoral productivity growth in SSA -- Figure 5.33 Drivers of productivity growth in SSA -- Figure 5.34 Prospects for productivity growth in SSA -- Figure 6.1 Global labor productivity surges and declines -- Figure 6.2 Decomposition of labor productivity variation -- Figure 6.3 Contribution of cyclicality to labor productivity slowdown -- Figure 6.4 Productivity effects of technology shocks. Figure 6.5 Employment effects of technology developments.
9781464816093
Economic history-21st century.
Industrial productivity.
Electronic books.
HC79.I52 G563 2020
338.06
Global Productivity : Trends, Drivers, and Policies. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (463 pages)
Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Summary of Contents -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Authors -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Motivation -- Key findings and policy messages -- Implications of COVID-19 for productivity -- Synopsis -- Future research directions -- References -- PART I: Productivity: Trends and Explanations -- Chapter 1 Global Productivity Trends -- Introduction -- Evolution of productivity -- Sources of the slowdown in labor productivity growth after the GFC -- Drivers of productivity growth synchronization -- Conclusion -- Annex 1A: Cyclical and technology-driven labor productivity developments -- References -- Chapter 2 What Explains Productivity Growth -- Introduction -- Long-run drivers -- Summary of stylized facts -- Analyzing the effects of drivers -- Developments in drivers of productivity -- Outlook -- Policy priorities -- Conclusion -- Annex 2A: Partial correlations -- Annex 2B: Long-run regressions -- References -- Chapter 3 What Happens to Productivity during Major Adverse Events -- Introduction -- Adverse events: Literature and stylized facts -- Measuring the impact of adverse events on productivity -- What policies can mitigate the effects of adverse events? -- Conclusion -- Annex 3A: Data, sources, and definitions -- Annex 3B: Robustness -- Annex 3C: Methodology -- References -- Chapter 4 Productivity Convergence: Is Anyone Catching Up? -- Introduction -- How has productivity convergence evolved? -- Testing for convergence and its pace -- Convergence clubs -- Conclusion and policy implications -- Annex 4A: Solow-Swan growth model -- Annex 4B: Data -- Annex 4C: Beta-convergence testing -- Annex 4D: Estimating convergence clubs: Commonalities in productivity levels -- Annex 4E: Convergence clubs with common productivity trajectories. Annex 4F: Productivity measurement: PPP vs. market exchange rates -- References -- PART II: Regional Dimensions of Productivity -- Chapter 5 Regional Productivity: Trends, Explanations, and Policies -- Introduction -- Evolution of productivity across regions -- Sources of, and bottlenecks to, regional productivity growth -- East Asia and Pacific -- Europe and Central Asia -- Latin America and the Caribbean -- Middle East and North Africa -- South Asia -- Sub-Saharan Africa -- Conclusion -- References -- PART III: Technological Change and Sectoral Shifts -- Chapter 6 Productivity: Technology, Demand, and Employment Trade-Offs -- Introduction -- Drivers of productivity: Technology vs. demand shocks -- Effects of technology shocks -- Effects of demand shocks -- Conclusion and policy implications -- Annex 6A: SVAR identification of technology drivers of productivity -- Annex 6B: Commodity-driven productivity developments -- Annex 6C: Commodity-driven productivity developments: Methodology -- References -- Chapter 7 Sectoral Sources of Productivity Growth -- Introduction -- Sectoral productivity gaps -- Sectoral productivity growth -- Policy implications -- Annex 7A: Data and methodology -- Annex 7B: Marginal productivity gap -- Annex 7C: Firm TFP data, estimates, and methodology -- References -- Boxes -- Box 1.1 Productivity: Conceptual considerations and measurement challenges -- Box 2.1 Review of recent firm-level total factor productivity literature -- Box 3.1 How do epidemics affect productivity? -- Box 6.1 Do productivity-enhancing improvements in technology threaten jobs? -- Box 7.1 Patterns of total factor productivity: A firm-level perspective -- Figures -- Figure 1 Productivity -- Figure 2 Productivity trends -- Figure 3 Productivity growth performance and initial conditions -- Figure 4 Productivity after major adverse events. Figure 5 Unconditional, conditional, and club productivity convergence -- Figure 6 Regional productivity developments -- Figure 7 Employment and technological change -- Figure 8 Sectoral productivity developments -- Figure 1.1 Evolution of global productivity growth -- Figure 1.2 Poverty, productivity, and missed opportunities -- Figure 1.3 Growth accounting decomposition -- Figure B1.1.1 Labor productivity decomposition and natural capital in EMDEs -- Figure 1.4 Sectoral contributions to the postcrisis productivity slowdown -- Figure 1.5 Role of cyclical factors in the GFC productivity slowdown -- Figure 1.6 Synchronization of productivity measures: 10-year rolling correlations -- Figure 1.7 Synchronization of productivity measures: Five-year rolling correlations -- Figure 2.1 Innovation -- Figure 2.2 Education -- Figure 2.3 Health and demography -- Figure 2.4 Institutional quality and price stability -- Figure 2.5 Income and gender equality -- Figure 2.6 Trade and foreign direct investment -- Figure 2.7 Urbanization and financial development -- Figure 2.8 Productivity growth performance and key initial conditions -- Figure 2.9 Impact of drivers on productivity growth -- Figure 2.10 Pre-GFC developments in productivity drivers and productivity growth -- Figure 2.11 Post-GFC slowdown of the drivers of productivity growth -- Figure 2.12 EMDE infrastructure and education gaps -- Figure 2.13 Developments in financial and government technology -- Figure 2.14 Effects of reforms in EMDEs -- Figure 3.1 Global occurrence of major adverse events, 1960-2018 -- Figure 3.2 Episodes of natural disaster -- Figure 3.3 Correlations between natural disaster frequency and productivity growth -- Figure B3.1.1 Severity of pandemics, epidemics, and climate disasters -- Figure B3.1.2 Severe disasters and productivity -- Figure B3.1.3 Impact of epidemics. Figure 3.4 Episodes of war -- Figure 3.5 Correlations between war frequency and productivity growth -- Figure 3.6 Episodes of financial crisis -- Figure 3.7 Correlations between financial crisis frequency and productivity growth -- Figure 3.8 Episodes across different types of events -- Figure 3.9 Estimated effects of natural disaster episodes on productivity -- Figure 3.10 Estimated effects of war episodes on productivity in EMDEs -- Figure 3.11 Estimated effects of financial crisis episodes on labor productivity -- Figure 3.12 Comparison of estimated effects in EMDEs -- Figure 3.13 Productivity loss in EMDEs, scaled by event frequency -- Figure 3.14 Productivity loss, taking account of fiscal space in EMDEs -- Figure 3A.1 Time series of number of occurrences, by income group -- Figure 4.1 Labor productivity gaps -- Figure 4.2 Evolution of labor productivity gaps -- Figure 4.3 Conditional and unconditional convergence -- Figure 4.4 Convergence club memberships -- Figure 4.5 Convergence clubs of productivity trajectories -- Figure 4.6 Key characteristics of convergence clubs -- Figure 4.7 Characteristics associated with convergence club membership -- Figure 4.8 Characteristics of EMDEs transitioning to the highest convergence club -- Figure 4.9 Covariates of EMDEs joining top-tier convergence club -- Figure 4D.1 Convergence clubs at specific points in time -- Figure 4D.2 Characteristics of convergence clubs (mixture model) -- Figure 4F.1 PPP-adjusted productivity gaps -- Figure 4F.2 PPP-adjusted growth differentials -- Figure 5.1 Evolution of regional productivity in EMDE regions -- Figure 5.2 Sectoral contributions to regional productivity growth in EMDE regions -- Figure 5.3 Potential bottlenecks to productivity growth in EMDE regions -- Figure 5.4 Productivity in EAP in regional comparison -- Figure 5.5 Evolution of productivity in EAP. Figure 5.6 Factors underlying productivity growth in EAP -- Figure 5.7 Drivers of productivity growth in EAP -- Figure 5.8 Prospects for productivity growth in EAP -- Figure 5.9 Productivity in ECA in regional comparison -- Figure 5.10 Evolution of productivity in ECA -- Figure 5.11 Factors supporting productivity growth in ECA -- Figure 5.12 Drivers of productivity growth in ECA in regional comparison -- Figure 5.13 Drivers of productivity growth in ECA -- Figure 5.14 Productivity in LAC in regional comparison -- Figure 5.15 Evolution of labor productivity growth in LAC -- Figure 5.16 Sources of productivity growth in LAC -- Figure 5.17 Sectoral productivity in LAC -- Figure 5.18 Drivers of productivity growth in LAC in regional comparison -- Figure 5.19 Drivers of productivity growth in LAC -- Figure 5.20 Productivity in MNA in regional comparison -- Figure 5.21 Evolution of labor productivity growth in MNA -- Figure 5.22 Factors supporting productivity growth in MNA -- Figure 5.23 Policy challenges in MNA -- Figure 5.24 Evolution of productivity growth in SAR -- Figure 5.25 Sectoral productivity and employment in SAR -- Figure 5.26 Drivers of productivity growth in SAR -- Figure 5.27 Policy challenges in SAR -- Figure 5.28 Productivity prospects in SAR -- Figure 5.29 Constraints to productivity growth in SAR -- Figure 5.30 Productivity in SSA in regional comparison -- Figure 5.31 Evolution of labor productivity growth in SSA -- Figure 5.32 Sectoral productivity growth in SSA -- Figure 5.33 Drivers of productivity growth in SSA -- Figure 5.34 Prospects for productivity growth in SSA -- Figure 6.1 Global labor productivity surges and declines -- Figure 6.2 Decomposition of labor productivity variation -- Figure 6.3 Contribution of cyclicality to labor productivity slowdown -- Figure 6.4 Productivity effects of technology shocks. Figure 6.5 Employment effects of technology developments.
9781464816093
Economic history-21st century.
Industrial productivity.
Electronic books.
HC79.I52 G563 2020
338.06