The Innovation Imperative for Developing East Asia.
Cirera, Xavier.
The Innovation Imperative for Developing East Asia. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (223 pages) - World Bank East Asia and Pacific Regional Report . - World Bank East Asia and Pacific Regional Report .
Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- Overview -- Introduction -- The innovation imperative for developing East Asia -- The state of innovation in developing East Asia -- Heterogeneity of innovation capabilities within countries, sectors, and firms -- Why diffusion matters -- What inhibits innovation? -- Spurring innovation in developing East Asia: Directions for policy -- Final remarks -- Notes -- References -- 1 The State of Innovation in Developing East Asia -- Introduction -- Defining innovation -- The innovation imperative for developing East Asia -- Innovation performance in developing East Asia -- Road map for this report -- Notes -- References -- 2 Conceptual Framework and Stylized Facts -- Introduction -- Key concepts -- Importance of innovation and diffusion of technology in addressing the region's challenges -- Core elements for designing policies that accelerate technology adoption and diffusion -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 3 Technology Adoption and Diffusion: A Firm-Level Perspective -- Introduction -- Is East Asia converging with, or diverging from, the technological frontier? Why diffusion matters -- Heterogeneity in the pattern and diffusion of innovation across space, sectors, and firms -- What inhibits innovation? -- Conclusions -- Annex 3A The Firm-level Adoption of Technologies survey -- Annex 3B Supplementary tables -- 1396927554 -- Notes -- References -- 4 Skills and Finance for Innovation -- Introduction -- Skills for innovation -- Finance for innovation -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 5 Innovation Policies and Institutions in the Region: An Assessment -- Introduction -- Are policies coherent with the objective of supporting diffusion as well as invention? -- Agencies to support innovation. Assessing public research institution performance in facilitating innovation and technology transfer -- Annex 5A What is the role for innovation agencies? -- Annex 5B Sampling and implementation of the World Bank survey of public research institutions -- Notes -- References -- 6 Action for Innovation: A Policy Agenda -- Introduction -- Addressing the innovation policy mismatch and building firms' capabilities -- Strengthening key complementary factors: skills and finance -- Reforming innovation institutions and agencies and building their capacity -- Final remarks -- Notes -- References -- Boxes -- Box O.1 Defining innovation -- Box 1.1 Defining firm-level innovation -- Box 1.2 COVID-19: Changing the innovation landscape -- Box 1.3 Mitigating effects of climate change through effective technology adoption -- Box 2.1 Industry 4.0: An ongoing technological revolution -- Box 2.2 Understanding adoption and diffusion: S-shaped diffusion curves -- Box 2.3 Organizational changes associated with Industry 4.0 -- Box 3.1 Republic of Korea's use of technology to implement contact tracing and testing strategies in response to COVID-19 -- Box 3.2 Innovation in manufacturing versus services -- Box 3.3 International joint ventures and technology transfer in China -- Box 4.1 The analysis of skills for innovation presented in th -- Box 4.2 The effects of technology adoption and innovation on employment -- Box 5.1 Policy effectiveness reviews in developing East Asia -- Box 6.1 Innovation financing done right: Lessons from Israel and China -- Figures -- Figure O.1 Total factor productivity in most developing East Asian countries is below what would be predicted based on their GDP per capita -- Figure O.2 Labor productivity and TFP growth have declined in developing East Asia since the Global Financial Crisis. Figure O.3 Several developing East Asian countries are significant participants in the global value chains for high-tech products -- Figure O.4 The share of firms with international certification is low in much of developing East Asia, and in half of the countries, fewer firms acquire licenses to foreign technology than expected given their countries' per capita incomes -- Figure O.5 Most countries in developing East Asia spend less on R& -- D and produce fewer patents than would be predicted by their per capita incomes -- Figure O.6 Technology adoption lags in developing East Asia are converging with those of OECD countries, but the intensity of technology use is diverging -- Figure O.7 Developing East Asian countries vary widely in firm-level innovation activity -- Figure O.8 Manufacturing and services firms differ in rates of innovation, especially of new products or processes -- Figure O.9 The intensive use of cutting-edge technology for manufacturing, retail, and agriculture remains limited in Vietnam -- Figure O.10 Radar diagrams show substantial heterogeneity in technological sophistication within firms -- Figure O.11 There is significant duality in firm-level R& -- D investment -- Figure O.12 Technology adoption brings labor productivity gains to Vietnamese firms -- Figure O.13 Lack of demand and uncertainty is the top self-reported barrier to technology adoption among Vietnamese firms of all sizes -- Figure O.14 Firms in developing East Asian countries score lower on management capabilities than firms at the global frontier -- Figure O.15 Employees in more-innovative firms in China and Vietnam have jobs that are more intensive in nonroutine cognitive analytical and interpersonal tasks -- Figure O.16 Most innovative firms in developing East Asia report difficulties in hiring workers with adequate skills. Figure O.17 Banks remain the dominant source of finance to firms in most of developing East Asia (except China) -- Figure O.18 Appropriate policy instruments to foster innovation differ depending on the level of innovation capabilities -- Figure O.19 Developing East Asian countries occupy three distinct clusters with respect to innovation capabilities -- Figure 1.1 Although productivity in the major economies of developing East Asia has been rising, it remains well below the frontier -- Figure 1.2 Total factor productivity in most developing East Asian countries is below what would be predicted based on their GDP per capita -- Figure 1.3 Labor productivity and TFP growth have declined in developing East Asia since the Global Financial Crisis -- Figure 1.4 COVID-19 has induced greater use of and investment in digital solutions in developing East Asia since the beginning of the pandemic -- Figure 1.5 Several developing East Asian countries are significant participants in the global value chains for high-tech products -- Figure 1.6 The share of firms with international certification is low in much of developing East Asia, and in half of the countries, fewer firms acquire licenses to foreign technology than expected given their countries' per capita incomes -- Figure 1.7 Most countries in developing East Asia spend less on R& -- D and produce fewer patents than would be predicted by their per capita incomes -- Figure 1.8 With some noteworthy exceptions, developing East Asian countries still face challenges concerning innovation in services, including in the digital space -- Figure 1.9 Countries in developing East Asia show considerable variation in the incidence and type of firm-level innovation -- Figure 1.10 In developing East Asia, a higher share of firms reports innovating in manufacturing than in services. Figure 1.11 Firms in developing East Asia report a mix of innovations that are new to the firm and new to the domestic market -- Figure 2.1 The innovation knowledge function begins with investments and inputs that, once transformed into innovation outputs and outcomes, can yield improved firm performance -- Figure 2.2 Sophistication of firm-level innovation correlates strongly with countries' economic development -- Figure 2.3 Innovation quality correlates closely with countries' per capita income -- Figure 2.4 The relationship between returns to innovation and distance to the frontier follows an inverted U-shape -- Figure B2.1.1 The four stages of industrial revolution have repeatedly transformed manufacturing -- Figure B2.2.1 S-shaped diffusion curves in the adoption of hybrid seed corn in selected US states, 1933-56 -- Figure 2.5 Lags in the adoption of new technologies are now similar between Western countries and the rest of the world, but gaps in the intensity of technology use have widened -- Figure 2.6 Accumulating knowledge to reach the innovation frontier: A firm-centered process -- Figure 2.7 Developing East Asian countries occupy three distinct clusters with respect to innovation capabilities -- Figure 2.8 Appropriate policy instruments to foster innovation differ depending on the level of innovation capabilities -- Figure 3.1 Technology adoption lags in developing East Asia are converging with those of OECD countries, but intensity of technology use is diverging -- Figure 3.2 Data on internet and robot use in East Asia tell two different tales of diffusion and convergence with the frontier -- Figure 3.3 The intensive use of cutting-edge technology for manufacturing, retail, and agriculture remains limited in Vietnam. Figure 3.4 Digital readiness indexes show widespread internet access among Vietnamese firms, but few are fully equipped to use digitalized processes for primary business functions.
9781464816567
Technological innovations-East Asia.
Electronic books.
HC460.5.Z9 C574 2021
330.95
The Innovation Imperative for Developing East Asia. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (223 pages) - World Bank East Asia and Pacific Regional Report . - World Bank East Asia and Pacific Regional Report .
Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- Overview -- Introduction -- The innovation imperative for developing East Asia -- The state of innovation in developing East Asia -- Heterogeneity of innovation capabilities within countries, sectors, and firms -- Why diffusion matters -- What inhibits innovation? -- Spurring innovation in developing East Asia: Directions for policy -- Final remarks -- Notes -- References -- 1 The State of Innovation in Developing East Asia -- Introduction -- Defining innovation -- The innovation imperative for developing East Asia -- Innovation performance in developing East Asia -- Road map for this report -- Notes -- References -- 2 Conceptual Framework and Stylized Facts -- Introduction -- Key concepts -- Importance of innovation and diffusion of technology in addressing the region's challenges -- Core elements for designing policies that accelerate technology adoption and diffusion -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 3 Technology Adoption and Diffusion: A Firm-Level Perspective -- Introduction -- Is East Asia converging with, or diverging from, the technological frontier? Why diffusion matters -- Heterogeneity in the pattern and diffusion of innovation across space, sectors, and firms -- What inhibits innovation? -- Conclusions -- Annex 3A The Firm-level Adoption of Technologies survey -- Annex 3B Supplementary tables -- 1396927554 -- Notes -- References -- 4 Skills and Finance for Innovation -- Introduction -- Skills for innovation -- Finance for innovation -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 5 Innovation Policies and Institutions in the Region: An Assessment -- Introduction -- Are policies coherent with the objective of supporting diffusion as well as invention? -- Agencies to support innovation. Assessing public research institution performance in facilitating innovation and technology transfer -- Annex 5A What is the role for innovation agencies? -- Annex 5B Sampling and implementation of the World Bank survey of public research institutions -- Notes -- References -- 6 Action for Innovation: A Policy Agenda -- Introduction -- Addressing the innovation policy mismatch and building firms' capabilities -- Strengthening key complementary factors: skills and finance -- Reforming innovation institutions and agencies and building their capacity -- Final remarks -- Notes -- References -- Boxes -- Box O.1 Defining innovation -- Box 1.1 Defining firm-level innovation -- Box 1.2 COVID-19: Changing the innovation landscape -- Box 1.3 Mitigating effects of climate change through effective technology adoption -- Box 2.1 Industry 4.0: An ongoing technological revolution -- Box 2.2 Understanding adoption and diffusion: S-shaped diffusion curves -- Box 2.3 Organizational changes associated with Industry 4.0 -- Box 3.1 Republic of Korea's use of technology to implement contact tracing and testing strategies in response to COVID-19 -- Box 3.2 Innovation in manufacturing versus services -- Box 3.3 International joint ventures and technology transfer in China -- Box 4.1 The analysis of skills for innovation presented in th -- Box 4.2 The effects of technology adoption and innovation on employment -- Box 5.1 Policy effectiveness reviews in developing East Asia -- Box 6.1 Innovation financing done right: Lessons from Israel and China -- Figures -- Figure O.1 Total factor productivity in most developing East Asian countries is below what would be predicted based on their GDP per capita -- Figure O.2 Labor productivity and TFP growth have declined in developing East Asia since the Global Financial Crisis. Figure O.3 Several developing East Asian countries are significant participants in the global value chains for high-tech products -- Figure O.4 The share of firms with international certification is low in much of developing East Asia, and in half of the countries, fewer firms acquire licenses to foreign technology than expected given their countries' per capita incomes -- Figure O.5 Most countries in developing East Asia spend less on R& -- D and produce fewer patents than would be predicted by their per capita incomes -- Figure O.6 Technology adoption lags in developing East Asia are converging with those of OECD countries, but the intensity of technology use is diverging -- Figure O.7 Developing East Asian countries vary widely in firm-level innovation activity -- Figure O.8 Manufacturing and services firms differ in rates of innovation, especially of new products or processes -- Figure O.9 The intensive use of cutting-edge technology for manufacturing, retail, and agriculture remains limited in Vietnam -- Figure O.10 Radar diagrams show substantial heterogeneity in technological sophistication within firms -- Figure O.11 There is significant duality in firm-level R& -- D investment -- Figure O.12 Technology adoption brings labor productivity gains to Vietnamese firms -- Figure O.13 Lack of demand and uncertainty is the top self-reported barrier to technology adoption among Vietnamese firms of all sizes -- Figure O.14 Firms in developing East Asian countries score lower on management capabilities than firms at the global frontier -- Figure O.15 Employees in more-innovative firms in China and Vietnam have jobs that are more intensive in nonroutine cognitive analytical and interpersonal tasks -- Figure O.16 Most innovative firms in developing East Asia report difficulties in hiring workers with adequate skills. Figure O.17 Banks remain the dominant source of finance to firms in most of developing East Asia (except China) -- Figure O.18 Appropriate policy instruments to foster innovation differ depending on the level of innovation capabilities -- Figure O.19 Developing East Asian countries occupy three distinct clusters with respect to innovation capabilities -- Figure 1.1 Although productivity in the major economies of developing East Asia has been rising, it remains well below the frontier -- Figure 1.2 Total factor productivity in most developing East Asian countries is below what would be predicted based on their GDP per capita -- Figure 1.3 Labor productivity and TFP growth have declined in developing East Asia since the Global Financial Crisis -- Figure 1.4 COVID-19 has induced greater use of and investment in digital solutions in developing East Asia since the beginning of the pandemic -- Figure 1.5 Several developing East Asian countries are significant participants in the global value chains for high-tech products -- Figure 1.6 The share of firms with international certification is low in much of developing East Asia, and in half of the countries, fewer firms acquire licenses to foreign technology than expected given their countries' per capita incomes -- Figure 1.7 Most countries in developing East Asia spend less on R& -- D and produce fewer patents than would be predicted by their per capita incomes -- Figure 1.8 With some noteworthy exceptions, developing East Asian countries still face challenges concerning innovation in services, including in the digital space -- Figure 1.9 Countries in developing East Asia show considerable variation in the incidence and type of firm-level innovation -- Figure 1.10 In developing East Asia, a higher share of firms reports innovating in manufacturing than in services. Figure 1.11 Firms in developing East Asia report a mix of innovations that are new to the firm and new to the domestic market -- Figure 2.1 The innovation knowledge function begins with investments and inputs that, once transformed into innovation outputs and outcomes, can yield improved firm performance -- Figure 2.2 Sophistication of firm-level innovation correlates strongly with countries' economic development -- Figure 2.3 Innovation quality correlates closely with countries' per capita income -- Figure 2.4 The relationship between returns to innovation and distance to the frontier follows an inverted U-shape -- Figure B2.1.1 The four stages of industrial revolution have repeatedly transformed manufacturing -- Figure B2.2.1 S-shaped diffusion curves in the adoption of hybrid seed corn in selected US states, 1933-56 -- Figure 2.5 Lags in the adoption of new technologies are now similar between Western countries and the rest of the world, but gaps in the intensity of technology use have widened -- Figure 2.6 Accumulating knowledge to reach the innovation frontier: A firm-centered process -- Figure 2.7 Developing East Asian countries occupy three distinct clusters with respect to innovation capabilities -- Figure 2.8 Appropriate policy instruments to foster innovation differ depending on the level of innovation capabilities -- Figure 3.1 Technology adoption lags in developing East Asia are converging with those of OECD countries, but intensity of technology use is diverging -- Figure 3.2 Data on internet and robot use in East Asia tell two different tales of diffusion and convergence with the frontier -- Figure 3.3 The intensive use of cutting-edge technology for manufacturing, retail, and agriculture remains limited in Vietnam. Figure 3.4 Digital readiness indexes show widespread internet access among Vietnamese firms, but few are fully equipped to use digitalized processes for primary business functions.
9781464816567
Technological innovations-East Asia.
Electronic books.
HC460.5.Z9 C574 2021
330.95