Applying the Rasch Model : Fundamental Measurement in the Human Sciences.
Bond, Trevor.
Applying the Rasch Model : Fundamental Measurement in the Human Sciences. - 4th ed. - 1 online resource (377 pages)
Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of contents -- Figures -- Tables -- About the Authors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Notes on This Volume -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Why Measurement Is Fundamental -- Children Can Construct Measures -- Interval Scales v. Ratio Scales: A Conceptual Explanation -- Statistics and/or Measurement -- Why Fundamental Measurement? -- Derived Measures -- Conjoint Measurement -- The Rasch Model for Measurement -- A More Suitable Analogy for Measurement in the Human Sciences -- In Conclusion -- Summary -- Note -- Suggested Readings -- References -- 2 Important Principles of Measurement Made Explicit -- An Example: "By How Much?" -- Moving from Observations to Measures -- Summary -- Notes -- Suggested Readings -- References -- 3 Basic Principles of the Rasch Model -- The Pathway Analogy -- Unidimensionality -- Item Fit -- Difficulty/Ability Estimation and Error -- Reliability -- A Basic Framework for Measurement -- Fit (Quality Control) -- The Rasch Model -- Summary -- References -- 4 Building a Set of Items for Measurement -- The Nature of the Data -- Analyzing Dichotomous Data: The BLOT -- A Simple Rasch Summary: The Item Pathway -- Item Statistics -- Item Fit -- The Wright Map -- Targeting -- Comparing Persons and Items -- Summary -- Extended Understanding -- The Problem of Guessing -- Difficulty, Ability, and Fit -- The Theory-Practice Dialog -- Summary -- References -- 5 Invariance: A Crucial Property of Scientific Measurement -- Person and Item Invariance -- Common-Item Linking -- Please Keep in Mind -- Anchoring Item Values -- Vertical Scaling -- Common-Person Linking -- Invariance of Person Estimates across Tests: Concurrent Validity -- The PRTIII-Pendulum -- Common-Person Linking: BLOT & -- PRTIII -- The Theory-Practice Dialog -- Measurement Invariance: Where It Really Matters. Failures of Invariance: DIF -- Differential Rater Functioning -- DIF: Not Just a Problem, but an Opportunity -- Summary -- References -- 6 Measurement Using Likert Scales -- The Rasch Model for Polytomous Data -- Analyzing Rating Scale Data: The Instrumental Attitude toward Self-Assessment Questionnaire -- Item Ordering -- Targeting and Reliability -- Summary -- Extended Understanding -- Item Polarity -- Empirical Item-Category Measures -- Category Function -- Dimensionality Map -- Item Misfit Table -- Construct KeyMap -- Person Misfit Table -- Separation Table -- Summary -- Notes -- References -- 7 The Partial Credit Rasch Model -- Clinical Interview Analysis: A Rasch-Inspired Breakthrough -- Scoring Interview Transcripts -- Ordered Performance Criteria for 18 Aspects of the Pendulum Interview Task -- Partial Credit Model Results -- Interpretation -- The Theory-Practice Dialog -- Unidimensionality -- Summary -- ARMsteps -- Extended Understanding -- Category Functioning -- Point-Measure Correlations -- Fit Statistics -- Dimensionality: Primary Components Factor Analysis of the Rasch Residuals -- Summary -- Note -- References -- 8 Measuring Facets Beyond Ability and Difficulty -- A Basic Introduction to the Many-Facets Rasch Model -- Why Not Use Interrater Reliability? -- Relations among the Rasch Family of Models -- Data Specifications of the Many-Facets Rasch Model -- Rating Creativity of Junior Scientists -- Many-Facets Analysis of Eighth-Grade Writing -- Summary -- Extended Understanding -- Invariance of Rated Creativity Scores -- Rasch Measurement of Facets Beyond Rater Effects -- Summary -- References -- 9 Making Measures, Setting Standards, and Rasch Regression -- Creating a Measure from Existing Data: The RMPFS (Zi Yan, EdUHK) -- Method: Data -- Physical Fitness Indicators -- Data Analysis. Seven Criteria to Investigate the Quality of Physical Fitness Indicators -- Results and Discussion -- Consideration of BMI -- Consideration of Sit-and-Reach -- Consideration of Handgrip -- Consideration of Push-Ups -- Optimising Response Categories -- Influence of Underfitting Persons on the RMPFS -- Properties of the RMPFS with Subsamples -- Age Dependent or Age Related? -- The Final Version of RMPFS -- Objective Standard Setting: The OSS Model (Gregory Stone, U Toledo) -- Early Definitions -- The Objective Standard Setting Models -- Objective Standard Setting for Dichotomous Examinations -- Objective Standard Setting for Judge-Mediated Examinations -- Fair Standards, Not Absolute Values -- Rasch Regression (Svetlana Beltyukova, U Toledo) -- Predicting Physician Assistant Faculty Intention to Leave Academia -- Rasch Regression Using the Anchored Formulation -- Rasch Regression: Alternative Approaches -- Discussion -- Summary -- References -- 10 The Rasch Model Applied across the Human Sciences -- Rasch Measurement in Health Sciences -- Establishing Rasch Psychometric Properties: The A-ONE J -- More Than Mere Psychometric Indicators: The PAM -- Refining an Existing Instrument: The POSAS -- Optimising an Existing Instrument: The NIHSS and a Central Role for PCA -- Creating a Short Form of an Existing Instrument: The FSQ -- FSQ-SF -- Theory Guides Assessment Revisions: The PEP-S8 -- Applications in Education and Psychology -- Test Development -- The Goodenough Draw-a-Man Test: One Drawing Is Good Enough -- Rasch Measures as Grist for the Analytical Mill -- Rasch Gain Calculations: Racking and Stacking -- Rasch Learning Gain Calculations: The CCI -- Racking and Stacking -- Stacking Can Be Enough: UPAM -- Sub-Test Structure Informs Scoring Models -- Applications to Classroom Testing -- Can Rasch Measurement Help S.S. Stevens?. Using Rasch Measures with Path Analysis (SEM Framework) -- Rasch Person Measures Used in a Partial Least Squares (PLS) Framework -- And Those Rasch Measurement SEs? -- Can We Really Combine SEM and Rasch Models? -- Conclusion -- Summary -- References -- 11 Rasch Modeling Applied Rating Scale Design -- Rating Scale Design -- Category Frequencies and Average Measures -- Thresholds and Category Fit -- Revising a Rating Scale -- An Example -- Guidelines for Collapsing Categories -- Problems with Negatively Worded Items -- The Invariance of the Measures across Groups -- Summary -- Suggested Readings -- References -- 12 Rasch Model Requirements Model Fit and Unidimensionality -- Model Fit and Unidimensionality -- The Data, the Model, and the Residuals -- Residuals -- Fit Statistics -- Expectations of Variation -- Fit, Misfit, and Interpretation -- Fit: Issues for Resolution -- Misfit: A Fundamental Issue -- In the Interim -- Detecting Multiple Dimensions -- Linear Factor Analysis: Problems and Promise -- Rasch Factor Analysis (PCA) -- Principal Components Analysis of Rasch Residuals: The BLOT as an Exemplar -- One Dimension, Two Dimensions, Three Dimensions, More? -- Extended Understanding -- A Further Investigation: BLOT and PRTIII -- Summary -- References -- 13 A Synthetic Overview -- Additive Conjoint Measurement (ACM) -- True Score Theory, Latent Traits, and Item Response Theory -- Would You Like an Interval Scale with That? -- Model Assumptions and Measurement Requirements -- Construct Validity -- The Rasch Model and Progress of Science -- Back to the Beginning and Back to the End -- Summary -- Note -- References -- Appendix A -- Getting Started -- Data Input -- Software -- First Analysis -- Output -- What to Look For -- Where to Look -- The Wright Map -- The Item Statistics Table -- Case Statistics Table -- Next Steps -- The Pathway Map. Interpretation -- Extended Understanding -- Working with Excel and SPSS Data Files -- Further Analyses -- Next Steps -- The Classic Reference Texts -- Journal of Applied Measurement -- www.rasch.org -- Start Reading Rasch Research and Methods for Free -- Computer Software for Rasch Measurement -- eRm: Extended Rasch Modeling -- Appendix B: Technical Aspects of the Rasch Model -- Rasch Family of Models -- Dichotomous Model -- Parameter Separation -- Rating-Scale Model -- Partial Credit Model -- Many-Facets Rasch Model -- Rasch Model Assessment -- Reliability Indices -- Test Information -- Fit Statistics -- Appendix C: Going All the Way -- Absence of Evidence Is Not Evidence for Absence -- What Are the Weaknesses of Residual-Based Statistics? -- Testing the Requirement of Equal Item Slopes: Global Model Tests and Model Fit Comparisons -- Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis to Test the Equality of Item Slopes -- Using Test Analysis Modules (TAM) to Test the Equality of Item Slopes -- Using the Andersen Likelihood Ratio Test and the Rasch Graphical Model Check to Test the Equality of Item Slopes -- Testing Dimensionality Using Structural Equation Modeling -- Conclusion -- Note -- References -- Glossary -- Author Index -- Subject Index.
Recognised as the most influential publication in the field, ARM facilitates deep understanding of the Rasch model and its practical applications. The authors review the crucial properties of the model and demonstrate its use with examples across the human sciences.
9780429638343
Psychology-Research-Methodology.
Social sciences-Statistical methods.
Psychology-Statistical methods.
Social sciences-Research-Methodology.
Electronic books.
BF39 .B663 2020
150/.7/27
Applying the Rasch Model : Fundamental Measurement in the Human Sciences. - 4th ed. - 1 online resource (377 pages)
Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of contents -- Figures -- Tables -- About the Authors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Notes on This Volume -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Why Measurement Is Fundamental -- Children Can Construct Measures -- Interval Scales v. Ratio Scales: A Conceptual Explanation -- Statistics and/or Measurement -- Why Fundamental Measurement? -- Derived Measures -- Conjoint Measurement -- The Rasch Model for Measurement -- A More Suitable Analogy for Measurement in the Human Sciences -- In Conclusion -- Summary -- Note -- Suggested Readings -- References -- 2 Important Principles of Measurement Made Explicit -- An Example: "By How Much?" -- Moving from Observations to Measures -- Summary -- Notes -- Suggested Readings -- References -- 3 Basic Principles of the Rasch Model -- The Pathway Analogy -- Unidimensionality -- Item Fit -- Difficulty/Ability Estimation and Error -- Reliability -- A Basic Framework for Measurement -- Fit (Quality Control) -- The Rasch Model -- Summary -- References -- 4 Building a Set of Items for Measurement -- The Nature of the Data -- Analyzing Dichotomous Data: The BLOT -- A Simple Rasch Summary: The Item Pathway -- Item Statistics -- Item Fit -- The Wright Map -- Targeting -- Comparing Persons and Items -- Summary -- Extended Understanding -- The Problem of Guessing -- Difficulty, Ability, and Fit -- The Theory-Practice Dialog -- Summary -- References -- 5 Invariance: A Crucial Property of Scientific Measurement -- Person and Item Invariance -- Common-Item Linking -- Please Keep in Mind -- Anchoring Item Values -- Vertical Scaling -- Common-Person Linking -- Invariance of Person Estimates across Tests: Concurrent Validity -- The PRTIII-Pendulum -- Common-Person Linking: BLOT & -- PRTIII -- The Theory-Practice Dialog -- Measurement Invariance: Where It Really Matters. Failures of Invariance: DIF -- Differential Rater Functioning -- DIF: Not Just a Problem, but an Opportunity -- Summary -- References -- 6 Measurement Using Likert Scales -- The Rasch Model for Polytomous Data -- Analyzing Rating Scale Data: The Instrumental Attitude toward Self-Assessment Questionnaire -- Item Ordering -- Targeting and Reliability -- Summary -- Extended Understanding -- Item Polarity -- Empirical Item-Category Measures -- Category Function -- Dimensionality Map -- Item Misfit Table -- Construct KeyMap -- Person Misfit Table -- Separation Table -- Summary -- Notes -- References -- 7 The Partial Credit Rasch Model -- Clinical Interview Analysis: A Rasch-Inspired Breakthrough -- Scoring Interview Transcripts -- Ordered Performance Criteria for 18 Aspects of the Pendulum Interview Task -- Partial Credit Model Results -- Interpretation -- The Theory-Practice Dialog -- Unidimensionality -- Summary -- ARMsteps -- Extended Understanding -- Category Functioning -- Point-Measure Correlations -- Fit Statistics -- Dimensionality: Primary Components Factor Analysis of the Rasch Residuals -- Summary -- Note -- References -- 8 Measuring Facets Beyond Ability and Difficulty -- A Basic Introduction to the Many-Facets Rasch Model -- Why Not Use Interrater Reliability? -- Relations among the Rasch Family of Models -- Data Specifications of the Many-Facets Rasch Model -- Rating Creativity of Junior Scientists -- Many-Facets Analysis of Eighth-Grade Writing -- Summary -- Extended Understanding -- Invariance of Rated Creativity Scores -- Rasch Measurement of Facets Beyond Rater Effects -- Summary -- References -- 9 Making Measures, Setting Standards, and Rasch Regression -- Creating a Measure from Existing Data: The RMPFS (Zi Yan, EdUHK) -- Method: Data -- Physical Fitness Indicators -- Data Analysis. Seven Criteria to Investigate the Quality of Physical Fitness Indicators -- Results and Discussion -- Consideration of BMI -- Consideration of Sit-and-Reach -- Consideration of Handgrip -- Consideration of Push-Ups -- Optimising Response Categories -- Influence of Underfitting Persons on the RMPFS -- Properties of the RMPFS with Subsamples -- Age Dependent or Age Related? -- The Final Version of RMPFS -- Objective Standard Setting: The OSS Model (Gregory Stone, U Toledo) -- Early Definitions -- The Objective Standard Setting Models -- Objective Standard Setting for Dichotomous Examinations -- Objective Standard Setting for Judge-Mediated Examinations -- Fair Standards, Not Absolute Values -- Rasch Regression (Svetlana Beltyukova, U Toledo) -- Predicting Physician Assistant Faculty Intention to Leave Academia -- Rasch Regression Using the Anchored Formulation -- Rasch Regression: Alternative Approaches -- Discussion -- Summary -- References -- 10 The Rasch Model Applied across the Human Sciences -- Rasch Measurement in Health Sciences -- Establishing Rasch Psychometric Properties: The A-ONE J -- More Than Mere Psychometric Indicators: The PAM -- Refining an Existing Instrument: The POSAS -- Optimising an Existing Instrument: The NIHSS and a Central Role for PCA -- Creating a Short Form of an Existing Instrument: The FSQ -- FSQ-SF -- Theory Guides Assessment Revisions: The PEP-S8 -- Applications in Education and Psychology -- Test Development -- The Goodenough Draw-a-Man Test: One Drawing Is Good Enough -- Rasch Measures as Grist for the Analytical Mill -- Rasch Gain Calculations: Racking and Stacking -- Rasch Learning Gain Calculations: The CCI -- Racking and Stacking -- Stacking Can Be Enough: UPAM -- Sub-Test Structure Informs Scoring Models -- Applications to Classroom Testing -- Can Rasch Measurement Help S.S. Stevens?. Using Rasch Measures with Path Analysis (SEM Framework) -- Rasch Person Measures Used in a Partial Least Squares (PLS) Framework -- And Those Rasch Measurement SEs? -- Can We Really Combine SEM and Rasch Models? -- Conclusion -- Summary -- References -- 11 Rasch Modeling Applied Rating Scale Design -- Rating Scale Design -- Category Frequencies and Average Measures -- Thresholds and Category Fit -- Revising a Rating Scale -- An Example -- Guidelines for Collapsing Categories -- Problems with Negatively Worded Items -- The Invariance of the Measures across Groups -- Summary -- Suggested Readings -- References -- 12 Rasch Model Requirements Model Fit and Unidimensionality -- Model Fit and Unidimensionality -- The Data, the Model, and the Residuals -- Residuals -- Fit Statistics -- Expectations of Variation -- Fit, Misfit, and Interpretation -- Fit: Issues for Resolution -- Misfit: A Fundamental Issue -- In the Interim -- Detecting Multiple Dimensions -- Linear Factor Analysis: Problems and Promise -- Rasch Factor Analysis (PCA) -- Principal Components Analysis of Rasch Residuals: The BLOT as an Exemplar -- One Dimension, Two Dimensions, Three Dimensions, More? -- Extended Understanding -- A Further Investigation: BLOT and PRTIII -- Summary -- References -- 13 A Synthetic Overview -- Additive Conjoint Measurement (ACM) -- True Score Theory, Latent Traits, and Item Response Theory -- Would You Like an Interval Scale with That? -- Model Assumptions and Measurement Requirements -- Construct Validity -- The Rasch Model and Progress of Science -- Back to the Beginning and Back to the End -- Summary -- Note -- References -- Appendix A -- Getting Started -- Data Input -- Software -- First Analysis -- Output -- What to Look For -- Where to Look -- The Wright Map -- The Item Statistics Table -- Case Statistics Table -- Next Steps -- The Pathway Map. Interpretation -- Extended Understanding -- Working with Excel and SPSS Data Files -- Further Analyses -- Next Steps -- The Classic Reference Texts -- Journal of Applied Measurement -- www.rasch.org -- Start Reading Rasch Research and Methods for Free -- Computer Software for Rasch Measurement -- eRm: Extended Rasch Modeling -- Appendix B: Technical Aspects of the Rasch Model -- Rasch Family of Models -- Dichotomous Model -- Parameter Separation -- Rating-Scale Model -- Partial Credit Model -- Many-Facets Rasch Model -- Rasch Model Assessment -- Reliability Indices -- Test Information -- Fit Statistics -- Appendix C: Going All the Way -- Absence of Evidence Is Not Evidence for Absence -- What Are the Weaknesses of Residual-Based Statistics? -- Testing the Requirement of Equal Item Slopes: Global Model Tests and Model Fit Comparisons -- Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis to Test the Equality of Item Slopes -- Using Test Analysis Modules (TAM) to Test the Equality of Item Slopes -- Using the Andersen Likelihood Ratio Test and the Rasch Graphical Model Check to Test the Equality of Item Slopes -- Testing Dimensionality Using Structural Equation Modeling -- Conclusion -- Note -- References -- Glossary -- Author Index -- Subject Index.
Recognised as the most influential publication in the field, ARM facilitates deep understanding of the Rasch model and its practical applications. The authors review the crucial properties of the model and demonstrate its use with examples across the human sciences.
9780429638343
Psychology-Research-Methodology.
Social sciences-Statistical methods.
Psychology-Statistical methods.
Social sciences-Research-Methodology.
Electronic books.
BF39 .B663 2020
150/.7/27