Introduction to Flat Panel Displays.
Lee, Jiun-Haw.
Introduction to Flat Panel Displays. - 2nd ed. - 1 online resource (372 pages) - Wiley Series in Display Technology Series . - Wiley Series in Display Technology Series .
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Series Editor's Foreword -- Chapter 1 Flat Panel Displays -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Emissive and non‐emissive Displays -- 1.3 Display Specifications -- 1.3.1 Physical Parameters -- 1.3.2 Brightness and Color -- 1.3.3 Contrast Ratio -- 1.3.4 Spatial and Temporal Characteristics -- 1.3.5 Efficiency and Power Consumption -- 1.3.6 Flexible Displays -- 1.4 Applications of Flat Panel Displays -- 1.4.1 Liquid Crystal Displays -- 1.4.2 Light‐Emitting Diodes -- 1.4.3 Organic Light‐Emitting Devices -- 1.4.4 Reflective Displays -- 1.4.5 Head‐Mounted Displays -- 1.4.6 Touch Panel Technologies -- References -- Chapter 2 Color Science and Engineering -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Photometry -- 2.3 The Eye -- 2.4 Colorimetry -- 2.4.1 Trichromatic Space -- 2.4.2 CIE 1931 Colormetric Observer -- 2.4.3 CIE 1976 Uniform Color System -- 2.4.4 CIECAM 02 Color Appearance Model -- 2.4.5 Color Gamut -- 2.4.6 Light Sources -- 2.4.6.1 Sunlight and Blackbody Radiators -- 2.4.6.2 Light Sources for Transmissive, Reflective, and Projection Displays -- 2.4.6.3 Color Rendering Index -- 2.5 Production and Reproduction of Colors -- 2.6 Display Measurements -- References -- Chapter 3 Thin Film Transistors -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Basic Concepts of Crystalline Semiconductor Materials -- 3.2.1 Band Structure of Crystalline Semiconductors -- 3.2.2 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors -- 3.3 Classification of Silicon Materials -- 3.4 Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon (a‐Si:H) -- 3.4.1 Electronic Structure of a:Si‐H -- 3.4.2 Carrier Transport in a‐Si:H -- 3.4.3 Fabrication of a‐Si:H -- 3.5 Polycrystalline Silicon -- 3.5.1 Carrier Transport in Polycrystalline Silicon -- 3.5.2 Fabrication of Polycrystalline‐Silicon -- 3.6 Thin‐Film Transistors -- 3.6.1 Fundamentals of TFTs -- 3.6.2 a‐Si:H TFTs -- 3.6.3 Poly‐Si TFTs -- 3.6.4 Organic TFTs. 3.6.5 Oxide Semiconductor TFTs -- 3.6.6 Flexible TFT Technology -- 3.7 PM and AM Driving Schemes -- References -- Chapter 4 Liquid Crystal Displays -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Transmissive LCDs -- 4.3 Liquid Crystal Materials -- 4.3.1 Phase Transition Temperatures -- 4.3.2 Eutectic Mixtures -- 4.3.3 Dielectric Constants -- 4.3.4 Elastic Constants -- 4.3.5 Rotational Viscosity -- 4.3.6 Optical Properties -- 4.3.7 Refractive Indices -- 4.3.7.1 Wavelength Effect -- 4.3.7.2 Temperature Effect -- 4.4 Liquid Crystal Alignment -- 4.5 Homogeneous Cell -- 4.5.1 Phase Retardation Effect -- 4.5.2 Voltage Dependent Transmittance -- 4.6 Twisted Nematic (TN) -- 4.6.1 Optical Transmittance -- 4.6.2 Viewing Angle -- 4.6.3 Film‐Compensated TN -- 4.7 In‐Plane Switching (IPS) -- 4.7.1 Device Structure -- 4.7.2 Voltage‐Dependent Transmittance -- 4.7.3 Viewing Angle -- 4.7.4 Phase Compensation Films -- 4.8 Fringe Field Switching (FFS) -- 4.8.1 Device Configurations -- 4.8.2 n‐FFS versus p‐FFS -- 4.9 Vertical Alignment (VA) -- 4.9.1 Voltage‐Dependent Transmittance -- 4.9.2 Response Time -- 4.9.3 Overdrive and Undershoot Addressing -- 4.9.4 Multi‐domain Vertical Alignment (MVA) -- 4.10 Ambient Contrast Ratio -- 4.10.1 Modeling of Ambient Contrast Ratio -- 4.10.2 Ambient Contrast Ratio of LCD -- 4.10.3 Ambient Contrast Ratio of OLED -- 4.10.4 Simulated ACR for Mobile Displays -- 4.10.5 Simulated ACR for TVs -- 4.10.6 Simulated Ambient Isocontrast Contour -- 4.10.6.1 Mobile Displays -- 4.10.6.2 Large‐Sized TVs -- 4.10.7 Improving LCD's ACR -- 4.10.8 Improving OLED's ACR -- 4.11 Motion Picture Response Time (MPRT) -- 4.12 Wide Color Gamut -- 4.12.1 Material Synthesis and Characterizations -- 4.12.2 Device Configurations -- 4.13 High Dynamic Range -- 4.13.1 Mini‐LED Backlit LCDs -- 4.13.2 Dual‐Panel LCDs -- 4.14 Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 5 Light‐Emitting Diodes. 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Material Systems -- 5.2.1 AlGaAs and AlGaInP Material Systems for Red and Yellow LEDs -- 5.2.2 GaN‐Based Systems for Green, Blue, UV and UV LEDs -- 5.2.3 White LEDs -- 5.3 Diode Characteristics -- 5.3.1 p‐ and n‐Layer -- 5.3.2 Depletion Region -- 5.3.3 J-V Characteristics -- 5.3.4 Heterojunction Structures -- 5.3.5 Quantum‐Well, ‐Wire, and ‐Dot Structures -- 5.4 Light‐Emitting Characteristics -- 5.4.1 Recombination Model -- 5.4.2 L‐J Characteristics -- 5.4.3 Spectral Characteristics -- 5.4.4 Efficiency Droop -- 5.5 Device Fabrication -- 5.5.1 Epitaxy -- 5.5.2 Process Flow and Device Structure Design -- 5.5.3 Extraction Efficiency Improvement -- 5.5.4 Packaging -- 5.6 Applications -- 5.6.1 Traffic Signals, Electronic Signage and Huge Displays -- 5.6.2 LCD Backlight -- 5.6.3 General Lighting -- 5.6.4 Micro‐LEDs -- References -- Chapter 6 Organic Light‐Emitting Devices -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Energy States in Organic Materials -- 6.3 Photophysical Processes -- 6.3.1 Franck-Condon Principle -- 6.3.2 Fluorescence and Phosphorescence -- 6.3.3 Jablonski Diagram -- 6.3.4 Intermolecular Processes -- 6.3.4.1 Energy Transfer Processes -- 6.3.4.2 Excimer and Exciplex Formation -- 6.3.4.3 Quenching Processes -- 6.3.5 Quantum Yield Calculation -- 6.4 Carrier Injection, Transport, and Recombination -- 6.4.1 Richardson-Schottky Thermionic Emission -- 6.4.2 SCLC, TCLC, and P-F Mobility -- 6.4.3 Charge Recombination -- 6.4.4 Electromagnetic Wave Radiation -- 6.5 Structure, Fabrication and Characterization -- 6.5.1 Device Structure of Organic Light‐Emitting Device -- 6.5.1.1 Two‐Layer Organic Light‐Emitting Device -- 6.5.1.2 Matrix Doping in the EML -- 6.5.1.3 HIL, EIL, and p‐i‐n Structure -- 6.5.1.4 Top‐Emission and Transparent OLEDs -- 6.5.2 Polymer OLED -- 6.5.3 Device Fabrication -- 6.5.3.1 Thin‐film Formation. 6.5.3.2 Encapsulation and Passivation -- 6.5.3.3 Device Structures for AM Driving -- 6.5.4 Electrical and Optical Characteristics -- 6.5.5 Degradation Mechanisms -- 6.6 Triplet Exciton Utilization -- 6.6.1 Phosphorescent OLEDs -- 6.6.2 Triplet‐Triplet Annihilation OLED -- 6.6.3 Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence -- 6.6.4 Exciplex‐Based OLED -- 6.7 Tandem Structure -- 6.8 Improvement of Extraction Efficiency -- 6.9 White OLEDs -- 6.10 Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diode -- 6.11 Applications -- 6.11.1 Mobile OLED Display -- 6.11.2 OLED TV -- 6.11.3 OLED Lighting -- 6.11.4 Flexible OLEDs -- 6.11.5 Novel Displays -- References -- Chapter 7 Reflective Displays -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Electrophoretic Displays -- 7.3 Reflective Liquid Crystal Displays -- 7.4 Reflective Display Based on Optical Interference (Mirasol Display) -- 7.5 Electrowetting Display -- 7.6 Comparison of Different Reflective Display Technologies -- References -- Chapter 8 Fundamentals of Head‐Mounted Displays for Virtual and Augmented Reality -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Human Visual System -- 8.3 Fundamentals of Head‐mounted Displays -- 8.3.1 Paraxial Optical Specifications -- 8.3.2 Microdisplay Sources -- 8.3.3 HMD Optics Principles and Architectures -- 8.3.4 Optical Combiner -- 8.4 HMD Optical Designs and Performance Specifications -- 8.4.1 HMD Optical Designs -- 8.4.2 HMD Optical Performance Specifications -- 8.5 Advanced HMD Technologies -- 8.5.1 Eyetracked and Fovea‐Contingent HMDs -- 8.5.2 Dynamic Range Enhancement -- 8.5.3 Addressable Focus Cues in HMDs -- 8.5.3.1 Extended Depth of Field Displays -- 8.5.3.2 Vari‐Focal Plane (VFP) Displays -- 8.5.3.3 Multi‐Focal Plane (MFP) Displays -- 8.5.3.4 Head‐Mounted Light Field (LF) Displays -- 8.5.4 Head‐Mounted Light Field Displays -- 8.5.4.1 InI‐Based Head‐Mounted Light Field Displays. 8.5.4.2 Computational Multi‐Layer Head‐Mounted Light Field Displays -- 8.5.5 Mutual Occlusion Capability -- References -- Chapter 9 Touch Panel Technology -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Resistive Touch Panel -- 9.3 Capacitive Touch Panel -- 9.4 On‐Cell and In‐Cell Touch Panel -- 9.5 Optical Sensing for Large Panels -- References -- Index -- EULA.
9781119282198
Flat panel displays.
Electronic books.
TK7882.I6 .L44 2020
621.3815422
Introduction to Flat Panel Displays. - 2nd ed. - 1 online resource (372 pages) - Wiley Series in Display Technology Series . - Wiley Series in Display Technology Series .
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Series Editor's Foreword -- Chapter 1 Flat Panel Displays -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Emissive and non‐emissive Displays -- 1.3 Display Specifications -- 1.3.1 Physical Parameters -- 1.3.2 Brightness and Color -- 1.3.3 Contrast Ratio -- 1.3.4 Spatial and Temporal Characteristics -- 1.3.5 Efficiency and Power Consumption -- 1.3.6 Flexible Displays -- 1.4 Applications of Flat Panel Displays -- 1.4.1 Liquid Crystal Displays -- 1.4.2 Light‐Emitting Diodes -- 1.4.3 Organic Light‐Emitting Devices -- 1.4.4 Reflective Displays -- 1.4.5 Head‐Mounted Displays -- 1.4.6 Touch Panel Technologies -- References -- Chapter 2 Color Science and Engineering -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Photometry -- 2.3 The Eye -- 2.4 Colorimetry -- 2.4.1 Trichromatic Space -- 2.4.2 CIE 1931 Colormetric Observer -- 2.4.3 CIE 1976 Uniform Color System -- 2.4.4 CIECAM 02 Color Appearance Model -- 2.4.5 Color Gamut -- 2.4.6 Light Sources -- 2.4.6.1 Sunlight and Blackbody Radiators -- 2.4.6.2 Light Sources for Transmissive, Reflective, and Projection Displays -- 2.4.6.3 Color Rendering Index -- 2.5 Production and Reproduction of Colors -- 2.6 Display Measurements -- References -- Chapter 3 Thin Film Transistors -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Basic Concepts of Crystalline Semiconductor Materials -- 3.2.1 Band Structure of Crystalline Semiconductors -- 3.2.2 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors -- 3.3 Classification of Silicon Materials -- 3.4 Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon (a‐Si:H) -- 3.4.1 Electronic Structure of a:Si‐H -- 3.4.2 Carrier Transport in a‐Si:H -- 3.4.3 Fabrication of a‐Si:H -- 3.5 Polycrystalline Silicon -- 3.5.1 Carrier Transport in Polycrystalline Silicon -- 3.5.2 Fabrication of Polycrystalline‐Silicon -- 3.6 Thin‐Film Transistors -- 3.6.1 Fundamentals of TFTs -- 3.6.2 a‐Si:H TFTs -- 3.6.3 Poly‐Si TFTs -- 3.6.4 Organic TFTs. 3.6.5 Oxide Semiconductor TFTs -- 3.6.6 Flexible TFT Technology -- 3.7 PM and AM Driving Schemes -- References -- Chapter 4 Liquid Crystal Displays -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Transmissive LCDs -- 4.3 Liquid Crystal Materials -- 4.3.1 Phase Transition Temperatures -- 4.3.2 Eutectic Mixtures -- 4.3.3 Dielectric Constants -- 4.3.4 Elastic Constants -- 4.3.5 Rotational Viscosity -- 4.3.6 Optical Properties -- 4.3.7 Refractive Indices -- 4.3.7.1 Wavelength Effect -- 4.3.7.2 Temperature Effect -- 4.4 Liquid Crystal Alignment -- 4.5 Homogeneous Cell -- 4.5.1 Phase Retardation Effect -- 4.5.2 Voltage Dependent Transmittance -- 4.6 Twisted Nematic (TN) -- 4.6.1 Optical Transmittance -- 4.6.2 Viewing Angle -- 4.6.3 Film‐Compensated TN -- 4.7 In‐Plane Switching (IPS) -- 4.7.1 Device Structure -- 4.7.2 Voltage‐Dependent Transmittance -- 4.7.3 Viewing Angle -- 4.7.4 Phase Compensation Films -- 4.8 Fringe Field Switching (FFS) -- 4.8.1 Device Configurations -- 4.8.2 n‐FFS versus p‐FFS -- 4.9 Vertical Alignment (VA) -- 4.9.1 Voltage‐Dependent Transmittance -- 4.9.2 Response Time -- 4.9.3 Overdrive and Undershoot Addressing -- 4.9.4 Multi‐domain Vertical Alignment (MVA) -- 4.10 Ambient Contrast Ratio -- 4.10.1 Modeling of Ambient Contrast Ratio -- 4.10.2 Ambient Contrast Ratio of LCD -- 4.10.3 Ambient Contrast Ratio of OLED -- 4.10.4 Simulated ACR for Mobile Displays -- 4.10.5 Simulated ACR for TVs -- 4.10.6 Simulated Ambient Isocontrast Contour -- 4.10.6.1 Mobile Displays -- 4.10.6.2 Large‐Sized TVs -- 4.10.7 Improving LCD's ACR -- 4.10.8 Improving OLED's ACR -- 4.11 Motion Picture Response Time (MPRT) -- 4.12 Wide Color Gamut -- 4.12.1 Material Synthesis and Characterizations -- 4.12.2 Device Configurations -- 4.13 High Dynamic Range -- 4.13.1 Mini‐LED Backlit LCDs -- 4.13.2 Dual‐Panel LCDs -- 4.14 Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 5 Light‐Emitting Diodes. 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Material Systems -- 5.2.1 AlGaAs and AlGaInP Material Systems for Red and Yellow LEDs -- 5.2.2 GaN‐Based Systems for Green, Blue, UV and UV LEDs -- 5.2.3 White LEDs -- 5.3 Diode Characteristics -- 5.3.1 p‐ and n‐Layer -- 5.3.2 Depletion Region -- 5.3.3 J-V Characteristics -- 5.3.4 Heterojunction Structures -- 5.3.5 Quantum‐Well, ‐Wire, and ‐Dot Structures -- 5.4 Light‐Emitting Characteristics -- 5.4.1 Recombination Model -- 5.4.2 L‐J Characteristics -- 5.4.3 Spectral Characteristics -- 5.4.4 Efficiency Droop -- 5.5 Device Fabrication -- 5.5.1 Epitaxy -- 5.5.2 Process Flow and Device Structure Design -- 5.5.3 Extraction Efficiency Improvement -- 5.5.4 Packaging -- 5.6 Applications -- 5.6.1 Traffic Signals, Electronic Signage and Huge Displays -- 5.6.2 LCD Backlight -- 5.6.3 General Lighting -- 5.6.4 Micro‐LEDs -- References -- Chapter 6 Organic Light‐Emitting Devices -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Energy States in Organic Materials -- 6.3 Photophysical Processes -- 6.3.1 Franck-Condon Principle -- 6.3.2 Fluorescence and Phosphorescence -- 6.3.3 Jablonski Diagram -- 6.3.4 Intermolecular Processes -- 6.3.4.1 Energy Transfer Processes -- 6.3.4.2 Excimer and Exciplex Formation -- 6.3.4.3 Quenching Processes -- 6.3.5 Quantum Yield Calculation -- 6.4 Carrier Injection, Transport, and Recombination -- 6.4.1 Richardson-Schottky Thermionic Emission -- 6.4.2 SCLC, TCLC, and P-F Mobility -- 6.4.3 Charge Recombination -- 6.4.4 Electromagnetic Wave Radiation -- 6.5 Structure, Fabrication and Characterization -- 6.5.1 Device Structure of Organic Light‐Emitting Device -- 6.5.1.1 Two‐Layer Organic Light‐Emitting Device -- 6.5.1.2 Matrix Doping in the EML -- 6.5.1.3 HIL, EIL, and p‐i‐n Structure -- 6.5.1.4 Top‐Emission and Transparent OLEDs -- 6.5.2 Polymer OLED -- 6.5.3 Device Fabrication -- 6.5.3.1 Thin‐film Formation. 6.5.3.2 Encapsulation and Passivation -- 6.5.3.3 Device Structures for AM Driving -- 6.5.4 Electrical and Optical Characteristics -- 6.5.5 Degradation Mechanisms -- 6.6 Triplet Exciton Utilization -- 6.6.1 Phosphorescent OLEDs -- 6.6.2 Triplet‐Triplet Annihilation OLED -- 6.6.3 Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence -- 6.6.4 Exciplex‐Based OLED -- 6.7 Tandem Structure -- 6.8 Improvement of Extraction Efficiency -- 6.9 White OLEDs -- 6.10 Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diode -- 6.11 Applications -- 6.11.1 Mobile OLED Display -- 6.11.2 OLED TV -- 6.11.3 OLED Lighting -- 6.11.4 Flexible OLEDs -- 6.11.5 Novel Displays -- References -- Chapter 7 Reflective Displays -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Electrophoretic Displays -- 7.3 Reflective Liquid Crystal Displays -- 7.4 Reflective Display Based on Optical Interference (Mirasol Display) -- 7.5 Electrowetting Display -- 7.6 Comparison of Different Reflective Display Technologies -- References -- Chapter 8 Fundamentals of Head‐Mounted Displays for Virtual and Augmented Reality -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Human Visual System -- 8.3 Fundamentals of Head‐mounted Displays -- 8.3.1 Paraxial Optical Specifications -- 8.3.2 Microdisplay Sources -- 8.3.3 HMD Optics Principles and Architectures -- 8.3.4 Optical Combiner -- 8.4 HMD Optical Designs and Performance Specifications -- 8.4.1 HMD Optical Designs -- 8.4.2 HMD Optical Performance Specifications -- 8.5 Advanced HMD Technologies -- 8.5.1 Eyetracked and Fovea‐Contingent HMDs -- 8.5.2 Dynamic Range Enhancement -- 8.5.3 Addressable Focus Cues in HMDs -- 8.5.3.1 Extended Depth of Field Displays -- 8.5.3.2 Vari‐Focal Plane (VFP) Displays -- 8.5.3.3 Multi‐Focal Plane (MFP) Displays -- 8.5.3.4 Head‐Mounted Light Field (LF) Displays -- 8.5.4 Head‐Mounted Light Field Displays -- 8.5.4.1 InI‐Based Head‐Mounted Light Field Displays. 8.5.4.2 Computational Multi‐Layer Head‐Mounted Light Field Displays -- 8.5.5 Mutual Occlusion Capability -- References -- Chapter 9 Touch Panel Technology -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Resistive Touch Panel -- 9.3 Capacitive Touch Panel -- 9.4 On‐Cell and In‐Cell Touch Panel -- 9.5 Optical Sensing for Large Panels -- References -- Index -- EULA.
9781119282198
Flat panel displays.
Electronic books.
TK7882.I6 .L44 2020
621.3815422