Sludge Thermal Hydrolysis : Application and Potential.
Barber, William.
Sludge Thermal Hydrolysis : Application and Potential. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (255 pages)
Cover -- Contents -- About the Author -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 INTRODUCTION -- 1.1.1 Hydrolysis processes -- 1.1.2 Heating sludge -- 1.1.3 Principles of thermal hydrolysis -- 1.1.4 Overview of influence on sewage sludge treatment -- 1.1.5 Commercial growth of the technology -- 1.1.6 Summary -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2: Design - Mass and energy balance -- 2.1 OVERVIEW -- 2.1.1 Energy demand of thermal hydrolysis -- 2.1.1.1 Influence of thickening -- 2.1.1.2 Influence of temperature difference -- 2.1.1.3 Steam requirement -- 2.1.2 Mass and energy balance -- 2.1.3 Cooling requirements -- 2.1.4 Ways of reducing the energy demand of thermal hydrolysis further -- 2.1.4.1 Treatment of only waste-activated sludge -- 2.1.4.2 Treatment of digested sludge -- 2.1.4.3 Use of thermal hydrolysis as a dewatering aid with liquor recycle -- 2.1.5 Summary of different configurations -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3: Impacts of thermal hydrolysis -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 INFLUENCE ON SLUDGE RHEOLOGY -- 3.3 INFLUENCE ON DEWATERING -- 3.4 REFRACTORY COMPOUNDS FORMED DURING THERMAL HYDROLYSIS -- 3.4.1 Properties and types of colored refractory compounds -- 3.4.1.1 Temperature -- 3.4.1.2 pH -- 3.4.1.3 Type of protein and sugar -- 3.4.2 Removing refractory compounds -- 3.4.2.1 Prevention -- 3.4.2.2 Coagulation -- 3.4.2.3 Ozone -- 3.4.2.4 Chemical inhibitors -- 3.4.2.5 Filtration -- 3.4.2.6 Bacterial decomposition -- 3.4.2.7 Advanced oxidation process -- 3.4.2.8 GAC -- 3.4.2.9 Recovery -- 3.4.2.10 Discussion -- 3.5 IMPACT ON AMMONIATOXICITY DURING ANAEROBIC DIGESTION -- 3.6 EMERGING CONTAMINANTS -- 3.6.1 Perfluorinated chemicals -- 3.7 IMPACT ON MICROBIAL COMMUNITY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4: Operational experience -- 4.1 START-UP OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION WITH THERMAL HYDROLYSIS -- 4.1.1 Site experience. 4.2 RAPID RISE AND SLUDGE VOLUME EXPANSION -- 4.2.1 Composition of biogas and off-gas -- 4.2.2 Foaming -- 4.3 RETURN LIQUORS FROM DEWATERING -- 4.3.1 Influence of thermal hydrolysis on nutrient solubilization -- 4.3.2 Nitrogen -- 4.3.2.1 Ammonia -- 4.3.2.2 Dissolved organic nitrogen -- 4.3.3 Phosphorous -- 4.3.4 COD -- 4.4 TREATMENT OF RETURN LIQUORS -- 4.5 CO-DIGESTION -- 4.6 POLYMER CONSUMPTION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5: Benefits -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.1 Higher loading rate in digestion -- 5.2 Greater digestion performance -- 5.3 Better dewaterability -- 5.3.1 Influence of digestion and thermal hydrolysis on incineration -- 5.4 Higher quality biosolids product -- 5.4.1 Biosolids cake -- 5.4.2 Nutrient content of thermally hydrolyzed sludge cake -- 5.4.3 Thermally hydrolyzed digested compost -- 5.5 Carbon footprint reduction -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6: Case studies -- 6.1 CASE STUDIES -- 6.2 DAVYHULME, MANCHESTER, ENGLAND. OWNER: UNITED UTILITIES -- 6.2.1 Overview -- 6.2.2 Background -- 6.2.3 Project information and outcome -- 6.3 BLUE PLAINS, WASHINGTON DC, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. OWNER: DC WATER -- 6.3.1 Overview -- 6.3.2 Background -- 6.3.3 Project information and outcome -- 6.4 BILLUND BIOREFINERY, DENMARK. OWNER: BILLUND VAND A/S -- 6.4.1 Overview -- 6.4.2 Background -- 6.4.3 Project information and outcome -- 6.5 BEIJING OWNER: BEIJING DRAINAGE GROUP COMPANY, LTD -- 6.5.1 Overview -- 6.5.2 Background -- 6.5.3 Project information and outcome -- 6.6 DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7: Economics -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION -- 7.1.1 Capital cost of thermal hydrolysis -- 7.1.2 Whole life cost example -- 7.1.2.1 Influence of liquor treatment -- 7.1.2.2 The influence of polymer and steam consumption -- 7.1.2.3 Reducing performance of dewatering to lower costs -- 7.1.2.4 Use of biogas or natural gas for thermal hydrolysis energy requirements. 7.1.2.5 Influence of treating only biological sludge -- 7.1.2.6 Impact on running costs of a dryer -- 7.1.3 Overall comments on costs of thermal hydrolysis -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8: Future developments -- 8.1 INTRODUCTION -- 8.2 FURTHER OPTIMIZING THE DIGESTION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE -- 8.2.1 Plug-flow digestion -- 8.2.2 Advanced digestion designs -- 8.2.3 Recuperative thickening with thermal hydrolysis -- 8.2.4 Higher dry solids -- 8.2.5 Ammonia stripping -- 8.2.6 Lower hydraulic retention time -- 8.2.7 Digestion of algae -- 8.2.8 Chemically enhanced thermal hydrolysis -- 8.2.9 Intermediate options for digestion improvements -- 8.3 PRODUCT FORMATION -- 8.3.1 Production of char and chargas from hydrothermal carbonization -- 8.3.2 Generation of proteins and similar products -- 8.4 STERILIZATION -- 8.4.1 Treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes -- 8.5 RECOMMENDATIONS AND FUTURE WORK -- REFERENCES -- Index.
9781789060287
Sewage-Purification.
Electronic books.
TD745 / .B373 2020
628.3
Sludge Thermal Hydrolysis : Application and Potential. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (255 pages)
Cover -- Contents -- About the Author -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 INTRODUCTION -- 1.1.1 Hydrolysis processes -- 1.1.2 Heating sludge -- 1.1.3 Principles of thermal hydrolysis -- 1.1.4 Overview of influence on sewage sludge treatment -- 1.1.5 Commercial growth of the technology -- 1.1.6 Summary -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2: Design - Mass and energy balance -- 2.1 OVERVIEW -- 2.1.1 Energy demand of thermal hydrolysis -- 2.1.1.1 Influence of thickening -- 2.1.1.2 Influence of temperature difference -- 2.1.1.3 Steam requirement -- 2.1.2 Mass and energy balance -- 2.1.3 Cooling requirements -- 2.1.4 Ways of reducing the energy demand of thermal hydrolysis further -- 2.1.4.1 Treatment of only waste-activated sludge -- 2.1.4.2 Treatment of digested sludge -- 2.1.4.3 Use of thermal hydrolysis as a dewatering aid with liquor recycle -- 2.1.5 Summary of different configurations -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3: Impacts of thermal hydrolysis -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 INFLUENCE ON SLUDGE RHEOLOGY -- 3.3 INFLUENCE ON DEWATERING -- 3.4 REFRACTORY COMPOUNDS FORMED DURING THERMAL HYDROLYSIS -- 3.4.1 Properties and types of colored refractory compounds -- 3.4.1.1 Temperature -- 3.4.1.2 pH -- 3.4.1.3 Type of protein and sugar -- 3.4.2 Removing refractory compounds -- 3.4.2.1 Prevention -- 3.4.2.2 Coagulation -- 3.4.2.3 Ozone -- 3.4.2.4 Chemical inhibitors -- 3.4.2.5 Filtration -- 3.4.2.6 Bacterial decomposition -- 3.4.2.7 Advanced oxidation process -- 3.4.2.8 GAC -- 3.4.2.9 Recovery -- 3.4.2.10 Discussion -- 3.5 IMPACT ON AMMONIATOXICITY DURING ANAEROBIC DIGESTION -- 3.6 EMERGING CONTAMINANTS -- 3.6.1 Perfluorinated chemicals -- 3.7 IMPACT ON MICROBIAL COMMUNITY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4: Operational experience -- 4.1 START-UP OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTION WITH THERMAL HYDROLYSIS -- 4.1.1 Site experience. 4.2 RAPID RISE AND SLUDGE VOLUME EXPANSION -- 4.2.1 Composition of biogas and off-gas -- 4.2.2 Foaming -- 4.3 RETURN LIQUORS FROM DEWATERING -- 4.3.1 Influence of thermal hydrolysis on nutrient solubilization -- 4.3.2 Nitrogen -- 4.3.2.1 Ammonia -- 4.3.2.2 Dissolved organic nitrogen -- 4.3.3 Phosphorous -- 4.3.4 COD -- 4.4 TREATMENT OF RETURN LIQUORS -- 4.5 CO-DIGESTION -- 4.6 POLYMER CONSUMPTION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5: Benefits -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.1 Higher loading rate in digestion -- 5.2 Greater digestion performance -- 5.3 Better dewaterability -- 5.3.1 Influence of digestion and thermal hydrolysis on incineration -- 5.4 Higher quality biosolids product -- 5.4.1 Biosolids cake -- 5.4.2 Nutrient content of thermally hydrolyzed sludge cake -- 5.4.3 Thermally hydrolyzed digested compost -- 5.5 Carbon footprint reduction -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6: Case studies -- 6.1 CASE STUDIES -- 6.2 DAVYHULME, MANCHESTER, ENGLAND. OWNER: UNITED UTILITIES -- 6.2.1 Overview -- 6.2.2 Background -- 6.2.3 Project information and outcome -- 6.3 BLUE PLAINS, WASHINGTON DC, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. OWNER: DC WATER -- 6.3.1 Overview -- 6.3.2 Background -- 6.3.3 Project information and outcome -- 6.4 BILLUND BIOREFINERY, DENMARK. OWNER: BILLUND VAND A/S -- 6.4.1 Overview -- 6.4.2 Background -- 6.4.3 Project information and outcome -- 6.5 BEIJING OWNER: BEIJING DRAINAGE GROUP COMPANY, LTD -- 6.5.1 Overview -- 6.5.2 Background -- 6.5.3 Project information and outcome -- 6.6 DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7: Economics -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION -- 7.1.1 Capital cost of thermal hydrolysis -- 7.1.2 Whole life cost example -- 7.1.2.1 Influence of liquor treatment -- 7.1.2.2 The influence of polymer and steam consumption -- 7.1.2.3 Reducing performance of dewatering to lower costs -- 7.1.2.4 Use of biogas or natural gas for thermal hydrolysis energy requirements. 7.1.2.5 Influence of treating only biological sludge -- 7.1.2.6 Impact on running costs of a dryer -- 7.1.3 Overall comments on costs of thermal hydrolysis -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8: Future developments -- 8.1 INTRODUCTION -- 8.2 FURTHER OPTIMIZING THE DIGESTION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE -- 8.2.1 Plug-flow digestion -- 8.2.2 Advanced digestion designs -- 8.2.3 Recuperative thickening with thermal hydrolysis -- 8.2.4 Higher dry solids -- 8.2.5 Ammonia stripping -- 8.2.6 Lower hydraulic retention time -- 8.2.7 Digestion of algae -- 8.2.8 Chemically enhanced thermal hydrolysis -- 8.2.9 Intermediate options for digestion improvements -- 8.3 PRODUCT FORMATION -- 8.3.1 Production of char and chargas from hydrothermal carbonization -- 8.3.2 Generation of proteins and similar products -- 8.4 STERILIZATION -- 8.4.1 Treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes -- 8.5 RECOMMENDATIONS AND FUTURE WORK -- REFERENCES -- Index.
9781789060287
Sewage-Purification.
Electronic books.
TD745 / .B373 2020
628.3