Current Tax Treaty Issues : 50th Anniversary of the International Tax Group.
Maisto, Guglielmo.
Current Tax Treaty Issues : 50th Anniversary of the International Tax Group. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (729 pages) - EC and International Tax Law Series ; v.18 . - EC and International Tax Law Series .
Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Acknowledgements -- Foreword -- Chapter 1: A History of the International Tax Group -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. The background scene in the 1970s -- 1.3. Communication -- 1.4. Collaboration -- 1.5. Topics -- 1.6. Appendices -- Part One: Treaty Policy and General Considerations -- Chapter 2: Writing Tax Treaty History -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. How? -- 2.2.1. Publications of international organizations -- 2.2.2. Archives of international organizations -- 2.2.3. Treaty practice -- 2.2.4. Country tax history -- 2.2.5. Significant persons -- 2.2.6. Language and legal culture -- 2.3. Why? -- 2.3.1. Applying the law -- 2.3.2. Developing tax policy -- 2.3.3. Matching with theories -- 2.3.4. Historiography -- 2.4 Where are we with tax treaty history? -- Chapter 3: International Tax Policy and International Tax Institutions: Never the Twain? -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. The beginning: League of Nations 1920-1946 -- 3.2.1. 1920-1928 -- 3.2.2. 1929-1946 -- 3.3. Snapshots 1946-1990 -- 3.3.1. United Nations 1946-1954 -- 3.3.2. OEEC/OECD 1954-1990 -- 3.3.3. International Monetary Fund 1944-1990 -- 3.3.4. United Nations 1967-1990 -- 3.4. The new international tax world? OECD, Global Forum on Transparency, Inclusive Framework, UN, IMF, 1991-2020 -- 3.4.1. Politics -- 3.4.2. Economics and international tax policy -- 3.4.3. Transition from business as usual to new, larger and combined projects -- 3.4.4. Convergence and emergence of international tax institutions -- 3.4.5. A new international tax order? -- Chapter 4: Four Comparisons of Tax Litigation between the Netherlands and the UK -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Administrative law or not -- 4.3. The meaning of "binding" -- 4.3.1. Common law: United Kingdom -- 4.3.2. Civil law: Netherlands -- 4.3.3. A comparison -- 4.4. Burden of proof. 4.5. The use of supplementary materials in interpreting the law -- 4.5.1. Netherlands -- 4.5.1.1. Interpreting tax treaties -- 4.5.2. United Kingdom -- 4.5.3. Comparison -- Chapter 5: Preservation Principle -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Status of discussions about the Preservation Principle -- 5.2.1. Japan -- 5.2.2. United States and Canada -- 5.2.3. Other countries -- 5.3. Analysis of Preservation Principle in general -- 5.3.1. Introduction -- 5.3.2. Dualism and monism -- 5.3.3. Hierarchical rank of income tax treaties -- 5.3.4. Three related but different interpretation issues of income tax treaties -- 5.3.4.1. Introduction -- 5.3.4.2. Three issues identified -- 5.3.4.3. First Issue: Direct taxing power -- 5.3.4.3.1. Introduction -- 5.3.4.3.2. Countries having the view that income tax treaties have no direct taxing power -- 5.3.4.3.2.1. Grouping of legal grounds -- 5.3.4.3.2.2. Constitutional reasons -- 5.3.4.3.2.3. Legislative reasons -- 5.3.4.3.2.4. Other reasons -- 5.3.4.3.3. France has a unique position -- 5.3.4.4. Second Issue: Exclusively relieving -- 5.3.4.4.1. France's position -- 5.3.4.4.2. Countries having the view that treaties are not always relieving -- 5.3.4.4.3. Countries having the view that treaties are exclusively relieving -- 5.3.4.5. Third Issue: Preservation Principle in the narrow sense -- 5.3.4.5.1. Introduction -- 5.3.4.5.2. Countries making substantive discussions about the Preservation Principle -- 5.3.4.5.2.1. United States -- 5.3.4.5.2.2. Japan -- 5.3.4.5.2.3. Canada -- 5.3.4.5.2.4. Summary -- 5.3.4.5.3. Countries making no substantive discussions on the Preservation Principle -- 5.3.4.6. Summary -- 5.4. Change of source rule -- 5.4.1. Introduction -- 5.4.2. Example 1 -- 5.4.3. Analysis -- 5.4.3.1. Australia's analysis -- 5.4.3.2. India's analysis -- 5.4.3.3. Comparative analysis -- 5.4.3.3.1. Introduction. 5.4.3.3.2. Countries having domestic provisions to give effect to inconsistent treaty source rules -- 5.4.3.3.3. Countries having no domestic provisions to give effect to inconsistent treaty source rules -- 5.5. PE threshold tests -- 5.5.1. Introduction -- 5.5.2. Example 2 -- 5.5.3. Analysis -- 5.5.3.1. United States' analysis -- 5.5.3.2. Japan's analysis -- 5.5.3.3. Comparative analysis -- 5.5.3.3.1. Introduction -- 5.5.3.3.2. Countries having domestic provisions to give effect to inconsistent treaty provisions -- 5.5.3.3.3. Countries having no domestic provisions to give effect to inconsistent treaty provisions -- 5.5.3.3.3.1. Countries requiring the Consistency Rule -- 5.5.3.3.3.2. Countries granting most favourable result to taxpayers -- 5.5.3.3.4. Summary -- 5.5.3.4. Implication of BEPS Project preventing artificial avoidance of PE status -- 5.6. Taxation on business profits - Application of the AOA -- 5.6.1. Introduction -- 5.6.2. Example 3 -- 5.6.3. Analysis -- 5.6.3.1. Japan's analysis -- 5.6.3.2. Netherland's analysis -- 5.6.3.3. Comparative analysis -- 5.7. Conclusion -- Chapter 6: Constitutional Issues in Developing International Tax Norms: A Swedish Perspective -- 6.1. The issue -- 6.2. The OECD -- 6.3. The European Union -- 6.4. The Swedish tax legislative process -- 6.4.1. The normal procedure -- 6.4.2. The procedure in EU-related tax legislation -- 6.4.3. The procedure with respect to tax treaties -- 6.5. Discussion -- Part Two: Treaty Definitions -- Chapter 7: Taxation of States under Tax Treaties -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Tax treaty status of the (home) state -- 7.2.1. The state as a "person" -- 7.2.1.1. The state as "Contracting State" under the OECD Model (1963) -- 7.2.1.2. The state as including other states or territories under article 30 OECD Model (territorial extension). 7.2.1.3. The "State" excluding certain territories or possessions -- 7.2.1.4. The confirmatory definition of "State" -- 7.2.1.5. The "State" in "geographical sense" -- 7.2.1.6. Conclusion -- 7.2.2. The state as a "company" -- 7.2.2.1. The state as a "body corporate" -- 7.2.2.2. Territories not enjoying statehood -- 7.2.2.3. Territories having statehood under international law that are not recognized by the other contracting state -- 7.2.3. The state as a "resident" -- 7.2.3.1. The "liable to tax" test -- 7.2.3.2. The state as a treaty "resident" by virtue of the 1995 revision to article 4(1) OECD Model -- 7.2.3.3. The meaning of "political subdivisions" and "local authorities" -- 7.2.3.3.1. In general -- 7.2.3.3.2. Can one entirely disregard the law of the state to which the "political subdivision" or "local authority" belongs? -- 7.2.3.3.3. "Constituent units" of federal states -- 7.2.3.4. "Agency and instrumentality", "statutory body" and other state-owned entities -- 7.2.3.4.1. In general -- 7.2.3.4.2. The domestic law general meaning -- 7.2.3.4.3. The "context" requiring a different interpretation -- 7.2.4. Treaty practice -- 7.2.5. Treaty definitions of "statutory body, "agency" and "instrumentality" -- 7.2.6. Non-discrimination -- 7.3. Conclusion -- Chapter 8: Limitations on Treaty Access by or through Commercial Entities -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.1.1. Selection and scope of topic -- 8.1.2. Key themes -- 8.1.3. Reasons for limiting access (the problem) -- 8.1.4. Historical background of provisions specifically limiting treaty access -- 8.1.4.1. Pre-BEPS measures -- 8.1.4.2. BEPS initiative and thereafter -- 8.2. Anti-conduit test (ACT) -- 8.2.1. Theoretical groundings -- 8.2.2. Historical background -- 8.2.3. Approaches to address conduit treaty shopping -- 8.2.3.1. Administrative determinations and judicial decisions. 8.2.3.2. Statutory and regulatory approaches -- 8.2.3.3. Treaty approaches -- 8.2.4. Relationship to international law -- 8.2.4.1. General -- 8.2.4.2. Theory of treaty interpretation -- 8.3. Principal purpose test (PPT) -- 8.3.1. Theoretical grounding -- 8.3.2. Historical background of the PPT -- 8.3.2.1. Treaty usage -- 8.3.2.2. Case law -- 8.3.3. Textual analysis and discussion -- 8.3.3.1. General -- 8.3.3.2. What do the examples tell us? -- 8.3.3.3. PPT discretionary fallback relief provision -- 8.3.4. Relationship to international law -- 8.3.5. EU freedoms -- 8.4. Limitation on benefits test (LOBT) -- 8.4.1. Theoretical grounding -- 8.4.2. Historical background of the LOBT -- 8.4.3. Overview -- 8.4.4. Publicly traded entity -- 8.4.4.1. Theoretical grounding -- 8.4.4.2. Textual analysis and discussion -- 8.4.5. 50% ownership/base erosion -- 8.4.5.1. Theoretical grounding -- 8.4.5.2. Textual analysis and discussion -- 8.4.6. Active business -- 8.4.6.1. Theoretical grounding -- 8.4.6.2. Textual analysis and discussion -- 8.4.7. Derivative benefits -- 8.4.7.1. Theoretical grounding -- 8.4.7.2. Text and discussion -- 8.4.8. Discretionary relief -- 8.4.8.1. Theoretical grounding -- 8.4.8.2. Textual analysis and discussion -- 8.4.8.3. Administrative practice and jurisprudence -- 8.4.9. EU freedoms -- 8.5. Fault lines -- 8.5.1. Holding company -- 8.5.2. Financing company -- 8.5.3. IP company -- 8.5.4. CIV -- 8.5.5. Private equity and other private non-CIV funds -- 8.5.6. Investment manager -- 8.5.7. Preferential tax regimes -- 8.6. Assessment/comparison of regimes -- 8.6.1. PPT -- 8.6.2. LOBT -- 8.6.3. Alternatives to the Action 6/MLI proposals -- 8.7. Conclusion -- Chapter 9: Interpretation vs Qualification -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Article 3(2) OECD Model -- 9.3. Interpretation vs qualification. 9.4. Definitional provisions and deeming rules under domestic laws.
This book presents a unique and detailed insight into the most controversial issues which may be found in the tax treaty context.
9789087225971
Double taxation-Treaties.
Electronic books.
K4475 / .C877 2020
341.48399999999998
Current Tax Treaty Issues : 50th Anniversary of the International Tax Group. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (729 pages) - EC and International Tax Law Series ; v.18 . - EC and International Tax Law Series .
Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Acknowledgements -- Foreword -- Chapter 1: A History of the International Tax Group -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. The background scene in the 1970s -- 1.3. Communication -- 1.4. Collaboration -- 1.5. Topics -- 1.6. Appendices -- Part One: Treaty Policy and General Considerations -- Chapter 2: Writing Tax Treaty History -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. How? -- 2.2.1. Publications of international organizations -- 2.2.2. Archives of international organizations -- 2.2.3. Treaty practice -- 2.2.4. Country tax history -- 2.2.5. Significant persons -- 2.2.6. Language and legal culture -- 2.3. Why? -- 2.3.1. Applying the law -- 2.3.2. Developing tax policy -- 2.3.3. Matching with theories -- 2.3.4. Historiography -- 2.4 Where are we with tax treaty history? -- Chapter 3: International Tax Policy and International Tax Institutions: Never the Twain? -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. The beginning: League of Nations 1920-1946 -- 3.2.1. 1920-1928 -- 3.2.2. 1929-1946 -- 3.3. Snapshots 1946-1990 -- 3.3.1. United Nations 1946-1954 -- 3.3.2. OEEC/OECD 1954-1990 -- 3.3.3. International Monetary Fund 1944-1990 -- 3.3.4. United Nations 1967-1990 -- 3.4. The new international tax world? OECD, Global Forum on Transparency, Inclusive Framework, UN, IMF, 1991-2020 -- 3.4.1. Politics -- 3.4.2. Economics and international tax policy -- 3.4.3. Transition from business as usual to new, larger and combined projects -- 3.4.4. Convergence and emergence of international tax institutions -- 3.4.5. A new international tax order? -- Chapter 4: Four Comparisons of Tax Litigation between the Netherlands and the UK -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Administrative law or not -- 4.3. The meaning of "binding" -- 4.3.1. Common law: United Kingdom -- 4.3.2. Civil law: Netherlands -- 4.3.3. A comparison -- 4.4. Burden of proof. 4.5. The use of supplementary materials in interpreting the law -- 4.5.1. Netherlands -- 4.5.1.1. Interpreting tax treaties -- 4.5.2. United Kingdom -- 4.5.3. Comparison -- Chapter 5: Preservation Principle -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Status of discussions about the Preservation Principle -- 5.2.1. Japan -- 5.2.2. United States and Canada -- 5.2.3. Other countries -- 5.3. Analysis of Preservation Principle in general -- 5.3.1. Introduction -- 5.3.2. Dualism and monism -- 5.3.3. Hierarchical rank of income tax treaties -- 5.3.4. Three related but different interpretation issues of income tax treaties -- 5.3.4.1. Introduction -- 5.3.4.2. Three issues identified -- 5.3.4.3. First Issue: Direct taxing power -- 5.3.4.3.1. Introduction -- 5.3.4.3.2. Countries having the view that income tax treaties have no direct taxing power -- 5.3.4.3.2.1. Grouping of legal grounds -- 5.3.4.3.2.2. Constitutional reasons -- 5.3.4.3.2.3. Legislative reasons -- 5.3.4.3.2.4. Other reasons -- 5.3.4.3.3. France has a unique position -- 5.3.4.4. Second Issue: Exclusively relieving -- 5.3.4.4.1. France's position -- 5.3.4.4.2. Countries having the view that treaties are not always relieving -- 5.3.4.4.3. Countries having the view that treaties are exclusively relieving -- 5.3.4.5. Third Issue: Preservation Principle in the narrow sense -- 5.3.4.5.1. Introduction -- 5.3.4.5.2. Countries making substantive discussions about the Preservation Principle -- 5.3.4.5.2.1. United States -- 5.3.4.5.2.2. Japan -- 5.3.4.5.2.3. Canada -- 5.3.4.5.2.4. Summary -- 5.3.4.5.3. Countries making no substantive discussions on the Preservation Principle -- 5.3.4.6. Summary -- 5.4. Change of source rule -- 5.4.1. Introduction -- 5.4.2. Example 1 -- 5.4.3. Analysis -- 5.4.3.1. Australia's analysis -- 5.4.3.2. India's analysis -- 5.4.3.3. Comparative analysis -- 5.4.3.3.1. Introduction. 5.4.3.3.2. Countries having domestic provisions to give effect to inconsistent treaty source rules -- 5.4.3.3.3. Countries having no domestic provisions to give effect to inconsistent treaty source rules -- 5.5. PE threshold tests -- 5.5.1. Introduction -- 5.5.2. Example 2 -- 5.5.3. Analysis -- 5.5.3.1. United States' analysis -- 5.5.3.2. Japan's analysis -- 5.5.3.3. Comparative analysis -- 5.5.3.3.1. Introduction -- 5.5.3.3.2. Countries having domestic provisions to give effect to inconsistent treaty provisions -- 5.5.3.3.3. Countries having no domestic provisions to give effect to inconsistent treaty provisions -- 5.5.3.3.3.1. Countries requiring the Consistency Rule -- 5.5.3.3.3.2. Countries granting most favourable result to taxpayers -- 5.5.3.3.4. Summary -- 5.5.3.4. Implication of BEPS Project preventing artificial avoidance of PE status -- 5.6. Taxation on business profits - Application of the AOA -- 5.6.1. Introduction -- 5.6.2. Example 3 -- 5.6.3. Analysis -- 5.6.3.1. Japan's analysis -- 5.6.3.2. Netherland's analysis -- 5.6.3.3. Comparative analysis -- 5.7. Conclusion -- Chapter 6: Constitutional Issues in Developing International Tax Norms: A Swedish Perspective -- 6.1. The issue -- 6.2. The OECD -- 6.3. The European Union -- 6.4. The Swedish tax legislative process -- 6.4.1. The normal procedure -- 6.4.2. The procedure in EU-related tax legislation -- 6.4.3. The procedure with respect to tax treaties -- 6.5. Discussion -- Part Two: Treaty Definitions -- Chapter 7: Taxation of States under Tax Treaties -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Tax treaty status of the (home) state -- 7.2.1. The state as a "person" -- 7.2.1.1. The state as "Contracting State" under the OECD Model (1963) -- 7.2.1.2. The state as including other states or territories under article 30 OECD Model (territorial extension). 7.2.1.3. The "State" excluding certain territories or possessions -- 7.2.1.4. The confirmatory definition of "State" -- 7.2.1.5. The "State" in "geographical sense" -- 7.2.1.6. Conclusion -- 7.2.2. The state as a "company" -- 7.2.2.1. The state as a "body corporate" -- 7.2.2.2. Territories not enjoying statehood -- 7.2.2.3. Territories having statehood under international law that are not recognized by the other contracting state -- 7.2.3. The state as a "resident" -- 7.2.3.1. The "liable to tax" test -- 7.2.3.2. The state as a treaty "resident" by virtue of the 1995 revision to article 4(1) OECD Model -- 7.2.3.3. The meaning of "political subdivisions" and "local authorities" -- 7.2.3.3.1. In general -- 7.2.3.3.2. Can one entirely disregard the law of the state to which the "political subdivision" or "local authority" belongs? -- 7.2.3.3.3. "Constituent units" of federal states -- 7.2.3.4. "Agency and instrumentality", "statutory body" and other state-owned entities -- 7.2.3.4.1. In general -- 7.2.3.4.2. The domestic law general meaning -- 7.2.3.4.3. The "context" requiring a different interpretation -- 7.2.4. Treaty practice -- 7.2.5. Treaty definitions of "statutory body, "agency" and "instrumentality" -- 7.2.6. Non-discrimination -- 7.3. Conclusion -- Chapter 8: Limitations on Treaty Access by or through Commercial Entities -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.1.1. Selection and scope of topic -- 8.1.2. Key themes -- 8.1.3. Reasons for limiting access (the problem) -- 8.1.4. Historical background of provisions specifically limiting treaty access -- 8.1.4.1. Pre-BEPS measures -- 8.1.4.2. BEPS initiative and thereafter -- 8.2. Anti-conduit test (ACT) -- 8.2.1. Theoretical groundings -- 8.2.2. Historical background -- 8.2.3. Approaches to address conduit treaty shopping -- 8.2.3.1. Administrative determinations and judicial decisions. 8.2.3.2. Statutory and regulatory approaches -- 8.2.3.3. Treaty approaches -- 8.2.4. Relationship to international law -- 8.2.4.1. General -- 8.2.4.2. Theory of treaty interpretation -- 8.3. Principal purpose test (PPT) -- 8.3.1. Theoretical grounding -- 8.3.2. Historical background of the PPT -- 8.3.2.1. Treaty usage -- 8.3.2.2. Case law -- 8.3.3. Textual analysis and discussion -- 8.3.3.1. General -- 8.3.3.2. What do the examples tell us? -- 8.3.3.3. PPT discretionary fallback relief provision -- 8.3.4. Relationship to international law -- 8.3.5. EU freedoms -- 8.4. Limitation on benefits test (LOBT) -- 8.4.1. Theoretical grounding -- 8.4.2. Historical background of the LOBT -- 8.4.3. Overview -- 8.4.4. Publicly traded entity -- 8.4.4.1. Theoretical grounding -- 8.4.4.2. Textual analysis and discussion -- 8.4.5. 50% ownership/base erosion -- 8.4.5.1. Theoretical grounding -- 8.4.5.2. Textual analysis and discussion -- 8.4.6. Active business -- 8.4.6.1. Theoretical grounding -- 8.4.6.2. Textual analysis and discussion -- 8.4.7. Derivative benefits -- 8.4.7.1. Theoretical grounding -- 8.4.7.2. Text and discussion -- 8.4.8. Discretionary relief -- 8.4.8.1. Theoretical grounding -- 8.4.8.2. Textual analysis and discussion -- 8.4.8.3. Administrative practice and jurisprudence -- 8.4.9. EU freedoms -- 8.5. Fault lines -- 8.5.1. Holding company -- 8.5.2. Financing company -- 8.5.3. IP company -- 8.5.4. CIV -- 8.5.5. Private equity and other private non-CIV funds -- 8.5.6. Investment manager -- 8.5.7. Preferential tax regimes -- 8.6. Assessment/comparison of regimes -- 8.6.1. PPT -- 8.6.2. LOBT -- 8.6.3. Alternatives to the Action 6/MLI proposals -- 8.7. Conclusion -- Chapter 9: Interpretation vs Qualification -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Article 3(2) OECD Model -- 9.3. Interpretation vs qualification. 9.4. Definitional provisions and deeming rules under domestic laws.
This book presents a unique and detailed insight into the most controversial issues which may be found in the tax treaty context.
9789087225971
Double taxation-Treaties.
Electronic books.
K4475 / .C877 2020
341.48399999999998