Lead : Its Effects on Environment and Health.
Sigel, Astrid.
Lead : Its Effects on Environment and Health. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (596 pages) - Metal Ions in Life Sciences Series ; v.17 . - Metal Ions in Life Sciences Series .
Intro -- About the Editors -- Historical Development and Perspectives of the Series -- Preface to Volume 17 -- Contents -- Contributors to Volume 17 -- Titles of Volume 1-44 in the Metal Ions in Biological Systems Series -- Contents of Volumes in the Metal Ions in Life Sciences Series -- 1. The Bioinorganic Chemistry of Lead in the Context of Its Toxicity -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Lead Chemistry with Regard to Biochemistry -- 3. History and Manufacturing of Lead-Containing Materials -- 4. Safe Levels of Exposures? -- 5. Regulatory Levels for Lead in Water, Food, and Air -- 6. Transport in Blood and Cellular Uptake -- 7. Lead Toxicity -- 8. Cellular and Molecular Actions -- 9. General Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- Abbreviations -- References -- 2. Biogeochemistry of Lead. Its Release to the Environment and Chemical Speciation -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Geochemistry of Lead -- 3. Mobilization of Lead -- 4. Lead in the Atmosphere -- 5. Lead in the Terrestrial and Freshwater Environment -- 6. Lead in Ocean Waters -- 7. Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- Abbreviations and Definitions -- References -- 3. Analytical Methods for the Determination of Lead in the Environment -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Sampling -- 3. Spectrophotometry -- 4. X-ray Fluorescence -- 5. Electrochemical Methods -- 6. Atomic Spectroscopy -- 7. Speciation -- Abbreviations -- References -- 4. Smart Capsules for Lead Removal from Industrial Wastewater -- Abstract -- 1. Lead Ion Separation from Wastewater -- 2. Encapsualtion Technology -- 3. Alginate-Based Capsules -- 4. Carbon Nanotubes Core-in-Hematite Capsules -- 5. Polymer Swelling Capsules -- 6. General Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations and Definitions -- References -- 5. Lead Speciation in Microorganisms -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction. 2. Intracellular Metal Speciation Techniques -- 3. Intracellular Metal Localization Techniques -- 4. Lead Speciation in Microorganisms -- 5. Remaining Questions and Future Directions -- Acknowledgment -- Abbreviations -- References -- 6. Human Biomonitoring of Lead Exposure -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Pharmacokinetics -- 3. Biomarkers of Exposure -- 4. Biomarkers of Effect -- 5. Conclusions -- Abbreviations and Definitions -- References -- 7. Solid State Structures of Lead Complexes with Relevance for Biological Systems -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Amino Acid, Small-Peptide, and Protein Complexes -- 3. Nucleic Acid Constituent Complexes -- 4. Simple-Carbohydrate Complexes -- 5. Complexes of Other Biorelevant Ligands -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- Abbreviations -- References -- 8. Lead(II) Complexes of Amino Acids, Peptides, and Other Related Ligands of Biological Interest -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Complexation of Lead(II) -- 3. Lead(II) Complexes of Amino Acids and Derivatives -- 4. Lead(II) Complexes of Hydroxamic Acids, Related Small Ligands, and Hydroxamic Acid Derivatives of Amino Acids -- 5. Complexes of Lead(II) with Small Peptides and Related Ligands -- 6. Complexes of Lead(II) with Thiol-Rich Natural Peptides -- 7. Factors Determining Lead Selectivity against Zinc, Calcium or Cadmium -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations and Definitions -- References -- 9. Lead(II) Binding in Metallothioneins -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Metallothioneins and Toxic Metals -- 3. Metallothioneins and Lead -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- 10. Lead(II) Binding in Natural and Artificial Proteins -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Lead in Natural Systems -- 3. Lead Chemistry with Designed Proteins -- 4. General Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- Abbreviations and Definitions -- References. 11. Complex Formation of Lead(II) with Nucleotides and Their Constituents -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Comparisons of the Properties of Lead(II) with Those of Related Divalent Metal Ions -- 3. Lead(II) Interactions with Hydroxyl Groups and Sugar Residues -- 4. Interactions of Lead(II) with Nucleobase Residues -- 5. Complexes of Lead(II) with Phosphates -- 6. Lead(II) Complexes of Nucleotides -- 7. Lead(II) Binding in Dinucleotides -- 8. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgment -- Abbreviations and Definitions -- References -- 12. The Role of Lead(II) in Nucleic Acids -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Relevant Properties of Lead(II) in Comparison to Other Divalent Metal Ions -- 3. Structures of Lead(II) Binding Sites in Nucleic Acids -- 4. Lead(II) as Hydrolytic Cleavage Agent to Probe Divalent Metal Ion Binding Sites and Single-Stranded RNA Regions -- 5. Lead(II) as Catalytic and Structural Metal Ion -- 6. Concluding Remarks and Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations and Definitions -- References -- 13. Historical View on Lead: Guidelines and Regulations -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Historical Views on Lead Toxicity -- 3. Development of Guidelines and Regulations in the U. S -- 4. Development of Guidelines and Regulations Around the World -- 5. Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- References -- 14. Environmental Impact of Alkyl Lead(IV) Derivatives: Perspective after Their Phase-out -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Past -- 3. Current Uses -- 4. Chemistry -- 5. After the Phase-Out -- 6. Lessons and Perspectives -- Abbreviations -- References -- 15. Lead Toxicity in Plants -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction: Environmental Relevance of Lead Toxicity in Plants -- 2. Critical Review of Proposed Mechanisms of Lead Toxicity in Plants -- 3. Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References. 16. Toxicology of Lead and Its Damage to Mammalian Organs -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Neurotoxicity of Lead -- 3. Immuno- and Hematotoxicity of Lead -- 4. Nephrotoxicity of Lead -- 5. Reproductive Toxicity of Lead -- 6. Osteotoxicity of Lead -- 7. Epidemiological Studies and Variables Associated with Low Blood Lead Levels -- 8. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- Subject Index.
Metal Ions in Life Sciences links coordination chemistry and biochemistry in their widest sense and thus increases our understanding of the relationship between the chemistry of metals and life processes; in fact, it is an old wisdom that metals are indispensable for life. The series reflects the interdisciplinary nature of Biological Inorganic Chemistry and coordinates the efforts of scientists in numerous interconnecting research fields.
9783110434330
Lead--Environmental aspects.
Electronic books.
QH545.L4.L433 2017eb
Lead : Its Effects on Environment and Health. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (596 pages) - Metal Ions in Life Sciences Series ; v.17 . - Metal Ions in Life Sciences Series .
Intro -- About the Editors -- Historical Development and Perspectives of the Series -- Preface to Volume 17 -- Contents -- Contributors to Volume 17 -- Titles of Volume 1-44 in the Metal Ions in Biological Systems Series -- Contents of Volumes in the Metal Ions in Life Sciences Series -- 1. The Bioinorganic Chemistry of Lead in the Context of Its Toxicity -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Lead Chemistry with Regard to Biochemistry -- 3. History and Manufacturing of Lead-Containing Materials -- 4. Safe Levels of Exposures? -- 5. Regulatory Levels for Lead in Water, Food, and Air -- 6. Transport in Blood and Cellular Uptake -- 7. Lead Toxicity -- 8. Cellular and Molecular Actions -- 9. General Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- Abbreviations -- References -- 2. Biogeochemistry of Lead. Its Release to the Environment and Chemical Speciation -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Geochemistry of Lead -- 3. Mobilization of Lead -- 4. Lead in the Atmosphere -- 5. Lead in the Terrestrial and Freshwater Environment -- 6. Lead in Ocean Waters -- 7. Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- Abbreviations and Definitions -- References -- 3. Analytical Methods for the Determination of Lead in the Environment -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Sampling -- 3. Spectrophotometry -- 4. X-ray Fluorescence -- 5. Electrochemical Methods -- 6. Atomic Spectroscopy -- 7. Speciation -- Abbreviations -- References -- 4. Smart Capsules for Lead Removal from Industrial Wastewater -- Abstract -- 1. Lead Ion Separation from Wastewater -- 2. Encapsualtion Technology -- 3. Alginate-Based Capsules -- 4. Carbon Nanotubes Core-in-Hematite Capsules -- 5. Polymer Swelling Capsules -- 6. General Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations and Definitions -- References -- 5. Lead Speciation in Microorganisms -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction. 2. Intracellular Metal Speciation Techniques -- 3. Intracellular Metal Localization Techniques -- 4. Lead Speciation in Microorganisms -- 5. Remaining Questions and Future Directions -- Acknowledgment -- Abbreviations -- References -- 6. Human Biomonitoring of Lead Exposure -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Pharmacokinetics -- 3. Biomarkers of Exposure -- 4. Biomarkers of Effect -- 5. Conclusions -- Abbreviations and Definitions -- References -- 7. Solid State Structures of Lead Complexes with Relevance for Biological Systems -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Amino Acid, Small-Peptide, and Protein Complexes -- 3. Nucleic Acid Constituent Complexes -- 4. Simple-Carbohydrate Complexes -- 5. Complexes of Other Biorelevant Ligands -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- Abbreviations -- References -- 8. Lead(II) Complexes of Amino Acids, Peptides, and Other Related Ligands of Biological Interest -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Complexation of Lead(II) -- 3. Lead(II) Complexes of Amino Acids and Derivatives -- 4. Lead(II) Complexes of Hydroxamic Acids, Related Small Ligands, and Hydroxamic Acid Derivatives of Amino Acids -- 5. Complexes of Lead(II) with Small Peptides and Related Ligands -- 6. Complexes of Lead(II) with Thiol-Rich Natural Peptides -- 7. Factors Determining Lead Selectivity against Zinc, Calcium or Cadmium -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations and Definitions -- References -- 9. Lead(II) Binding in Metallothioneins -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Metallothioneins and Toxic Metals -- 3. Metallothioneins and Lead -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- 10. Lead(II) Binding in Natural and Artificial Proteins -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Lead in Natural Systems -- 3. Lead Chemistry with Designed Proteins -- 4. General Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- Abbreviations and Definitions -- References. 11. Complex Formation of Lead(II) with Nucleotides and Their Constituents -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Comparisons of the Properties of Lead(II) with Those of Related Divalent Metal Ions -- 3. Lead(II) Interactions with Hydroxyl Groups and Sugar Residues -- 4. Interactions of Lead(II) with Nucleobase Residues -- 5. Complexes of Lead(II) with Phosphates -- 6. Lead(II) Complexes of Nucleotides -- 7. Lead(II) Binding in Dinucleotides -- 8. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgment -- Abbreviations and Definitions -- References -- 12. The Role of Lead(II) in Nucleic Acids -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Relevant Properties of Lead(II) in Comparison to Other Divalent Metal Ions -- 3. Structures of Lead(II) Binding Sites in Nucleic Acids -- 4. Lead(II) as Hydrolytic Cleavage Agent to Probe Divalent Metal Ion Binding Sites and Single-Stranded RNA Regions -- 5. Lead(II) as Catalytic and Structural Metal Ion -- 6. Concluding Remarks and Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations and Definitions -- References -- 13. Historical View on Lead: Guidelines and Regulations -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Historical Views on Lead Toxicity -- 3. Development of Guidelines and Regulations in the U. S -- 4. Development of Guidelines and Regulations Around the World -- 5. Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- References -- 14. Environmental Impact of Alkyl Lead(IV) Derivatives: Perspective after Their Phase-out -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Past -- 3. Current Uses -- 4. Chemistry -- 5. After the Phase-Out -- 6. Lessons and Perspectives -- Abbreviations -- References -- 15. Lead Toxicity in Plants -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction: Environmental Relevance of Lead Toxicity in Plants -- 2. Critical Review of Proposed Mechanisms of Lead Toxicity in Plants -- 3. Conclusions and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References. 16. Toxicology of Lead and Its Damage to Mammalian Organs -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Neurotoxicity of Lead -- 3. Immuno- and Hematotoxicity of Lead -- 4. Nephrotoxicity of Lead -- 5. Reproductive Toxicity of Lead -- 6. Osteotoxicity of Lead -- 7. Epidemiological Studies and Variables Associated with Low Blood Lead Levels -- 8. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- Subject Index.
Metal Ions in Life Sciences links coordination chemistry and biochemistry in their widest sense and thus increases our understanding of the relationship between the chemistry of metals and life processes; in fact, it is an old wisdom that metals are indispensable for life. The series reflects the interdisciplinary nature of Biological Inorganic Chemistry and coordinates the efforts of scientists in numerous interconnecting research fields.
9783110434330
Lead--Environmental aspects.
Electronic books.
QH545.L4.L433 2017eb