New Concepts in Stroke Diagnosis and Therapy, (Current Developments in Stroke, Volume 1).
Radaelli, Alberto.
New Concepts in Stroke Diagnosis and Therapy, (Current Developments in Stroke, Volume 1). - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (351 pages) - Current Developments in Stroke ; v.1 . - Current Developments in Stroke .
Intro -- CONTENTS -- Foreword -- Preface 1 -- PREFACE 2 -- Preface 2 -- List of Contributors -- Stroke and Hypertension -- INTRODUCTION -- STROKE EPIDEMIOLOGY -- PATHOPHISIOLOGY OF BRAIN VASCULAR DAMAGE INDUCED BY HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE -- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AND RISK OF STROKE -- HYPERTENSION THERAPY AND CEREBROVASCULAR DAMAGE PREVENTION -- Primary Stroke Prevention -- A Special Situation: Primary Stroke Prevention in the Very Elderly -- Secondary Stroke Prevention -- Hypertension Therapy and Early Cerebral Damage -- EVIDENCE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TREATMENT OF OTHER ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AND STROKE PREVENTION -- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus -- Dyslipidemia -- IS THERE A NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM BLOCKADE? -- CONCLUSION -- TAKE HOME MESSAGES -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction and Risk of Stroke -- INTRODUCTION -- Stroke Subtypes -- Cerebral Blood Vessels Innervation -- Sympathetic Innervation -- Parasympathetic Innervation -- Cerebral Blood Flow Auto-regulation -- Sympathetic Regulation of CBF -- Parasympathetic Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow -- Vagal Modulation of Neuro-inflammation -- Baroreflex Modulation of Cerebral Blood Flow -- Autonomic Nervous System and the Risk of Stroke -- Blood Pressure Level, Blood Pressure Variability and Risk of Stroke -- Summary -- Methodological Aspects and Future Perspectives -- CONCLUSION -- TAKE HOME MESSAGES -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCE -- Stroke and the Immune System: Therapeutic Targeting of Toll-Like Receptors -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. INNATE IMMUNE CELLS AND THEIR REGULATION IN THE CNS -- 3. TLRS: STRUCTURE, ROLE AND EXPRESSION IN CNS -- 4. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS AND IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF STROKE -- 5. ROLE OF TLRS IN ISCHEMIC EVENTS. 6. TLR TARGETING AS A PROMISING THERAPY IN CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA -- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- TAKE HOME MESSAGE: -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Intracerebral Bleeding and Oral Anticoagulant Therapies: Clinical Relevance and Management -- 1. VKA-ASSOCIATED CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGES -- 1.1. Warfarin: Mechanism of Action and Main Characteristics -- 1.2. Monitoring Warfarin, and Risk of Intracerebral Bleeding -- 1.3. Reversal of VKA Effect and Management of VKA-Associated ICH -- 1.3.1. Vitamin K -- 1.3.2. FFP (Fresh Frozen Plasma) -- 1.3.3. About PCC (Prothrombin Complex Concentrates) -- 2. NON VITAMIN K ANTICOAGULANTS ASSOCIATED CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGES -- 2.1. DOACs Pharmacology -- 2.1.1. Dabigatran -- 2.1.2. Rivaroxaban -- 2.1.3. Apixaban -- 2.1.4. Edoxaban -- 2.2. DOACs Indications, Main Efficacy and Safety Data -- 2.3. DOACs Monitoring -- 2.3.1. Monitoring of Dabigatran -- 2.3.2. Monitoring of Direct Xa Inhibitors -- 2.4. DOACs Reversal and Management of Life Threatening Bleeding -- 2.4.1. General Principles for Managing Bleeding Related to Anticoagulants -- 2.4.2. Traditional Reversal Agents -- 2.4.3. Novel Reversal Strategies -- CONCLUSION -- TAKE HOME MESSAGES: -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Cerebral Collateral Circulation in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Translational Evidence for Outcome Prediction and Modulation Strategies -- INTRODUCTION -- Cerebral Collateral Circulation in Humans and Rodents -- Assessment of Cerebral Collateral Flow in Acute Stroke Patients -- Cerebral Collateral Flow as Stratification Factor in Pre-Clinical Neuroprotection Studies -- Acute Therapeutic Modulation of Cerebral Collateral Flow -- CONCLUSION -- TAKE HOME MESSAGE -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- DISCLOSURE -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Life in the Penumbra with the BRODERICK PROBE® -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODS. In vitro Calibration Procedures -- In vivo Surgical Procedures -- Image Scanning Procedures -- Interpretation and Analysis of Data via Electrochemical Methods -- Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion According to the Method of Zea Longa et al., 1989 -- Preparation of the Monofilament Nylon Suture -- Dual Laser Doppler Flowmetry (DLDF) -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- NMI Data, Quantitative Histopathologic, and DLDF Data -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION -- NOTES FOR TABLE 2 -- Appendix: Overview of Nanotechnology Platforms for Stroke Diagnosis and Treatment -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- On the Influence of Normalization Strategies for Perfusion MRI in Acute Stroke -- INTRODUCTION -- SUBJECTS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION -- TAKE HOME MESSAGE -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Genetic Causes of Ischemic Stroke -- INTRODUCTION -- MONOGENIC STROKE DISORDERS -- Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) (OMIM 125310-600276) -- Cerebral Autosomal Recessive Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL) (OMIM 192315) -- Retinal Vasculopathy with Cerebral Leukodystrophy (RVCL) (OMIM 192315) -- Fabry Disease (OMIM #301500) -- COL4A1/A2 related Arteriopathy (OMIM 605595-120130) -- Mitochondrial Myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-Like Episodes (MELAS) (OMIM 540000) -- Multifactorial Stroke -- Stroke Subtypes Associations -- Limits of GWAS and Next Generation Studies -- CONCLUSION -- TAKE HOME MESSAGE -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Diagnostic Challenges: Cryptogenic Ischemic Stroke -- ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: PREVALENCE AND THROMBOEMBOLIC RISK -- MECHANISM OF THROMBOSIS AND THROMBO-EMBOLI IN NON-VALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION -- CRYPTOGENIC STROKE AND ATRIAL FIBRILLATION. CONCLUSION -- TAKE HOME MESSAGE -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Emerging Concepts for Neuroprotection -- INTRODUTION -- Neuroprotection -- Double Sword Process -- Systemic Variables -- Examples of Potential Neuroprotective Approaches -- Preconditioning and Ischemic Tolerance -- Hypothermia -- Minocycline -- CONCLUSION -- TAKE HOME MESSAGE -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Pharmacological and Endovascular Recanalization Therapy -- INTRODUCTION -- Systemic Thrombolysis -- Indications for Intravenous Reperfusion Therapy -- Endovascular Treatment of Stroke (Thrombolysis, Thrombectomy, Thrombus Aspiration) -- Indications for Endovascular Therapy -- Post Treatment Phase -- CONCLUSION -- TAKE HOME MESSAGE -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Neuroregeneration after Stroke -- INTRODUCTION -- Reparative Processes after Stroke -- Inflammation -- Neurogenesis -- Angiogenesis -- Astrogliosis -- Neuronal Plasticity Processes -- Post-Stroke Adaptive Plasticity Processes -- Re-emergence of a Critical Period after Stroke -- Brakes of Plasticity after Stroke -- Alteration of Brain Excitability after Stroke -- Approaches to Modulate Neural Plasticity -- Rehabilitation -- Non-Invasive Transcranial Stimulation -- Pharmacological Modulation of Neural Plasticity -- Modulation of GABA Signalling to Promote Plasticity -- Modulation of Glutamate Homeostasis to Promote Plasticity -- Neural Stem Cell-based Therapies -- CONCLUSION -- TAKE HOME MESSAGE -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Post-Stroke Rehabilitation -- POST-STROKE REHABILITATION: ACUTE PHASE MANAGEMENT -- Prognosis -- Recovery of Independence in ADL and Social Participation -- Gait -- Upper Limb -- Continuity of Care Management -- POST-STROKE REHABILITATION: SUB-ACUTE PHASE MANAGEMENT. Main Sub-acute Phase Issues -- Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment -- Depression -- Spasticity -- Pain -- POST-STROKE REHABILITATION: CHRONIC PHASE MANAGEMENT -- WHAT'S NEW IN STROKE REHABILITATION -- Constraint Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) -- Body Weight-Supported Treadmill Training (BWSTT) -- Robotic Devices -- Virtual Reality (VR) -- Action Observation (AO) -- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) -- CONCLUSION -- TAKE HOME MESSAGE -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SUBJECT INDEX.
9781681084213
Cerebrovascular disease--Diagnosis.
Electronic books.
RC388.5.N493 2017
616.80999999999995
New Concepts in Stroke Diagnosis and Therapy, (Current Developments in Stroke, Volume 1). - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (351 pages) - Current Developments in Stroke ; v.1 . - Current Developments in Stroke .
Intro -- CONTENTS -- Foreword -- Preface 1 -- PREFACE 2 -- Preface 2 -- List of Contributors -- Stroke and Hypertension -- INTRODUCTION -- STROKE EPIDEMIOLOGY -- PATHOPHISIOLOGY OF BRAIN VASCULAR DAMAGE INDUCED BY HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE -- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AND RISK OF STROKE -- HYPERTENSION THERAPY AND CEREBROVASCULAR DAMAGE PREVENTION -- Primary Stroke Prevention -- A Special Situation: Primary Stroke Prevention in the Very Elderly -- Secondary Stroke Prevention -- Hypertension Therapy and Early Cerebral Damage -- EVIDENCE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TREATMENT OF OTHER ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AND STROKE PREVENTION -- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus -- Dyslipidemia -- IS THERE A NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM BLOCKADE? -- CONCLUSION -- TAKE HOME MESSAGES -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction and Risk of Stroke -- INTRODUCTION -- Stroke Subtypes -- Cerebral Blood Vessels Innervation -- Sympathetic Innervation -- Parasympathetic Innervation -- Cerebral Blood Flow Auto-regulation -- Sympathetic Regulation of CBF -- Parasympathetic Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow -- Vagal Modulation of Neuro-inflammation -- Baroreflex Modulation of Cerebral Blood Flow -- Autonomic Nervous System and the Risk of Stroke -- Blood Pressure Level, Blood Pressure Variability and Risk of Stroke -- Summary -- Methodological Aspects and Future Perspectives -- CONCLUSION -- TAKE HOME MESSAGES -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCE -- Stroke and the Immune System: Therapeutic Targeting of Toll-Like Receptors -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. INNATE IMMUNE CELLS AND THEIR REGULATION IN THE CNS -- 3. TLRS: STRUCTURE, ROLE AND EXPRESSION IN CNS -- 4. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS AND IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF STROKE -- 5. ROLE OF TLRS IN ISCHEMIC EVENTS. 6. TLR TARGETING AS A PROMISING THERAPY IN CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA -- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- TAKE HOME MESSAGE: -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Intracerebral Bleeding and Oral Anticoagulant Therapies: Clinical Relevance and Management -- 1. VKA-ASSOCIATED CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGES -- 1.1. Warfarin: Mechanism of Action and Main Characteristics -- 1.2. Monitoring Warfarin, and Risk of Intracerebral Bleeding -- 1.3. Reversal of VKA Effect and Management of VKA-Associated ICH -- 1.3.1. Vitamin K -- 1.3.2. FFP (Fresh Frozen Plasma) -- 1.3.3. About PCC (Prothrombin Complex Concentrates) -- 2. NON VITAMIN K ANTICOAGULANTS ASSOCIATED CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGES -- 2.1. DOACs Pharmacology -- 2.1.1. Dabigatran -- 2.1.2. Rivaroxaban -- 2.1.3. Apixaban -- 2.1.4. Edoxaban -- 2.2. DOACs Indications, Main Efficacy and Safety Data -- 2.3. DOACs Monitoring -- 2.3.1. Monitoring of Dabigatran -- 2.3.2. Monitoring of Direct Xa Inhibitors -- 2.4. DOACs Reversal and Management of Life Threatening Bleeding -- 2.4.1. General Principles for Managing Bleeding Related to Anticoagulants -- 2.4.2. Traditional Reversal Agents -- 2.4.3. Novel Reversal Strategies -- CONCLUSION -- TAKE HOME MESSAGES: -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Cerebral Collateral Circulation in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Translational Evidence for Outcome Prediction and Modulation Strategies -- INTRODUCTION -- Cerebral Collateral Circulation in Humans and Rodents -- Assessment of Cerebral Collateral Flow in Acute Stroke Patients -- Cerebral Collateral Flow as Stratification Factor in Pre-Clinical Neuroprotection Studies -- Acute Therapeutic Modulation of Cerebral Collateral Flow -- CONCLUSION -- TAKE HOME MESSAGE -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- DISCLOSURE -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Life in the Penumbra with the BRODERICK PROBE® -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODS. In vitro Calibration Procedures -- In vivo Surgical Procedures -- Image Scanning Procedures -- Interpretation and Analysis of Data via Electrochemical Methods -- Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion According to the Method of Zea Longa et al., 1989 -- Preparation of the Monofilament Nylon Suture -- Dual Laser Doppler Flowmetry (DLDF) -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- NMI Data, Quantitative Histopathologic, and DLDF Data -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION -- NOTES FOR TABLE 2 -- Appendix: Overview of Nanotechnology Platforms for Stroke Diagnosis and Treatment -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- On the Influence of Normalization Strategies for Perfusion MRI in Acute Stroke -- INTRODUCTION -- SUBJECTS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION -- TAKE HOME MESSAGE -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Genetic Causes of Ischemic Stroke -- INTRODUCTION -- MONOGENIC STROKE DISORDERS -- Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) (OMIM 125310-600276) -- Cerebral Autosomal Recessive Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL) (OMIM 192315) -- Retinal Vasculopathy with Cerebral Leukodystrophy (RVCL) (OMIM 192315) -- Fabry Disease (OMIM #301500) -- COL4A1/A2 related Arteriopathy (OMIM 605595-120130) -- Mitochondrial Myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-Like Episodes (MELAS) (OMIM 540000) -- Multifactorial Stroke -- Stroke Subtypes Associations -- Limits of GWAS and Next Generation Studies -- CONCLUSION -- TAKE HOME MESSAGE -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Diagnostic Challenges: Cryptogenic Ischemic Stroke -- ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: PREVALENCE AND THROMBOEMBOLIC RISK -- MECHANISM OF THROMBOSIS AND THROMBO-EMBOLI IN NON-VALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION -- CRYPTOGENIC STROKE AND ATRIAL FIBRILLATION. CONCLUSION -- TAKE HOME MESSAGE -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Emerging Concepts for Neuroprotection -- INTRODUTION -- Neuroprotection -- Double Sword Process -- Systemic Variables -- Examples of Potential Neuroprotective Approaches -- Preconditioning and Ischemic Tolerance -- Hypothermia -- Minocycline -- CONCLUSION -- TAKE HOME MESSAGE -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Pharmacological and Endovascular Recanalization Therapy -- INTRODUCTION -- Systemic Thrombolysis -- Indications for Intravenous Reperfusion Therapy -- Endovascular Treatment of Stroke (Thrombolysis, Thrombectomy, Thrombus Aspiration) -- Indications for Endovascular Therapy -- Post Treatment Phase -- CONCLUSION -- TAKE HOME MESSAGE -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Neuroregeneration after Stroke -- INTRODUCTION -- Reparative Processes after Stroke -- Inflammation -- Neurogenesis -- Angiogenesis -- Astrogliosis -- Neuronal Plasticity Processes -- Post-Stroke Adaptive Plasticity Processes -- Re-emergence of a Critical Period after Stroke -- Brakes of Plasticity after Stroke -- Alteration of Brain Excitability after Stroke -- Approaches to Modulate Neural Plasticity -- Rehabilitation -- Non-Invasive Transcranial Stimulation -- Pharmacological Modulation of Neural Plasticity -- Modulation of GABA Signalling to Promote Plasticity -- Modulation of Glutamate Homeostasis to Promote Plasticity -- Neural Stem Cell-based Therapies -- CONCLUSION -- TAKE HOME MESSAGE -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Post-Stroke Rehabilitation -- POST-STROKE REHABILITATION: ACUTE PHASE MANAGEMENT -- Prognosis -- Recovery of Independence in ADL and Social Participation -- Gait -- Upper Limb -- Continuity of Care Management -- POST-STROKE REHABILITATION: SUB-ACUTE PHASE MANAGEMENT. Main Sub-acute Phase Issues -- Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment -- Depression -- Spasticity -- Pain -- POST-STROKE REHABILITATION: CHRONIC PHASE MANAGEMENT -- WHAT'S NEW IN STROKE REHABILITATION -- Constraint Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) -- Body Weight-Supported Treadmill Training (BWSTT) -- Robotic Devices -- Virtual Reality (VR) -- Action Observation (AO) -- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) -- CONCLUSION -- TAKE HOME MESSAGE -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SUBJECT INDEX.
9781681084213
Cerebrovascular disease--Diagnosis.
Electronic books.
RC388.5.N493 2017
616.80999999999995