Researching Audio Description : New Approaches.
Matamala, Anna.
Researching Audio Description : New Approaches. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (339 pages) - Palgrave Studies in Translating and Interpreting Series . - Palgrave Studies in Translating and Interpreting Series .
Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Notes on Contributors -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1: Audio Description and Accessibility Studies: A Work in Progress -- References -- Part I: Re-thinking Accessibility -- 2: On Accessibility as a Human Right, with an Application to Media Accessibility -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Rights and Human Rights -- 2.3 The 'Accessibility as a Human Right Divide' Problem -- 2.4 Tackling the AHRD Problem -- 2.5 Accessibility as a Proactive Principle, Access as a Necessary Requirement -- 2.6 Some Consequences on Media Accessibility -- 2.7 Conclusion -- References -- 3: Impairment and Disability: Challenging Concepts of 'Normality' -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 History of Disability-Related Language -- 3.3 The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities -- 3.4 Impairment -- 3.5 Disability -- 3.6 Who Is Impaired? -- 3.7 Who Is Disabled? -- 3.8 Who Benefits from a More Accessible Society? -- 3.9 Universal Design -- 3.10 The World Health Organization's ICF -- 3.11 What Persons with Disabilities Think -- 3.12 Conclusion -- References -- Part II: From Theory to Practice: Researching Audio Description -- 4: A Cognitive Approach to Audio Description -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Three Perspectives on AD -- 4.2.1 The Production Perspective -- 4.2.2 The Reception Perspective -- 4.2.3 The Meeting of Minds Perspective -- 4.3 A Framework of Theories on Mental Imagery and Embodied Cognition -- 4.3.1 Mental Imagery in Sighted Individuals -- 4.3.2 Mental Imagery in Blind Individuals -- 4.3.3 Embodied Cognition -- 4.4 Swedish Research Initiatives and Current Projects -- 4.4.1 Current Projects -- 4.4.2 Combination of Various Methods -- 4.5 Summary and Conclusion -- References. 5: Game Accessibility for the Blind: Current Overview and the Potential Application of Audio Description as the Way Forward -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Game Accessibility: An Overview -- 5.3 Gaming Options for Blind and Visually Impaired Players -- 5.4 Existing Games Adapted for Blind and Visually Impaired Players -- 5.5 Games Specifically Designed to Be Accessible to Blind and Visually Impaired Players -- 5.6 Audio Games and 'Video-less' Games -- 5.7 The Potential Application of Audio Description to Video Games -- 5.8 Conclusion -- 5.9 Gameography -- References -- 6: Should Audio Description Reflect the Way Sighted Viewers Look at Films? Combining Eye-Tracking and Reception Study Data -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Eye-Tracking Studies in Audio Description -- 6.3 Reception Studies in Audio Description -- 6.4 The Present Study -- 6.4.1 Summary of Stage One (Eye-Tracking and Verbal Reports) -- 6.4.2 Stage Two (A Reception Study) -- 6.4.2.1 Aim -- 6.4.2.2 Methodology (Study Design) -- 6.4.2.3 Materials -- 6.4.3 Procedure -- 6.4.4 Participants -- 6.4.5 Results and Discussion -- 6.5 General Discussion and Conclusions -- Appendix: The Questionnaire -- Audio Introduction -- Another Example -- References -- 7: Audio Description Washes Brighter? A Study in Brand Names and Advertising -- 7.1 Introduction: Audio Describing Objects -- 7.2 Translation and Advertising -- 7.3 Brands in Audio Description: The Corpus -- 7.4 Brands in Audio Description: The Analysis -- 7.5 The Impact of Audio Description Strategies on Its Reception -- 7.6 Conclusion -- References -- 8: 'What Should I Say?' Tentative Criteria to Prioritize Information in the Audio Description of Film Characters -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The Current Study -- 8.2.1 Methods -- 8.2.2 Participants -- 8.2.3 Materials -- 8.2.3.1 The Corpus -- 8.2.3.2 Instruments -- 8.2.4 Results. 8.3 Discussion -- 8.4 Conclusions -- References -- 9: How Co-Speech Gestures are Rendered in Audio Description: A Case Study -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Gesture Classification -- 9.3 Gestures in Audio Description -- 9.4 The Study -- 9.4.1 The Corpus -- 9.4.2 Methodology -- 9.5 The Analysis -- 9.5.1 Qualitative Analysis -- 9.5.1.1 Emblems -- 9.5.1.2 Illustrators -- 9.5.1.3 Emotional Gestures -- 9.5.2 Discussion -- 9.5.2.1 Naming -- 9.5.2.2 Providing Meaning -- 9.5.2.3 Literal Description -- 9.5.3 Quantitative Analysis -- 9.6 Conclusions -- References -- 10: Foreign Language Class with Audio Description: A Case Study -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Audio Description in Education -- 10.3 Foreign Language Acquisition by Visually Impaired Learners -- 10.4 Methodology -- 10.4.1 Sample -- 10.4.2 Study Material -- 10.4.3 Procedure -- 10.5 Results and Discussion -- 10.5.1 Acquisition of Foreign Language Vocabulary -- 10.5.2 Educational Value of AD -- 10.5.3 General Observations -- 10.6 Conclusions -- References -- 11: An Overview of Audio Description on Thai Television -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Media Regulation for People with Disabilities in Thailand -- 11.3 Audio Description Projects in Thai Television -- 11.4 Audio Description Research in Thailand -- 11.4.1 Researching Audience Needs and Preferences -- 11.4.2 Analysing the First Thai AD Experience: The AD Production Process -- 11.4.3 Exploring Principles of Audio Description in the Thai Context -- 11.4.4 Audio Describing for Children -- 11.5 Audio Description Seminars, Training and Class Projects in Thailand -- 11.6 The Future of Audio Description in Thai Television -- 11.7 Conclusions -- References -- Part III: Audio Description Projects -- 12: The ADLAB Project: Audio Description for the Blind -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Aims and Objectives -- 12.3 Work Package 1. 12.4 Work Package 2 -- 12.5 Work Package 3 -- 12.6 Work Package 4 -- 12.7 Conclusions -- Appendix -- Annex 2: ADLAB Manual (parts and chapters) -- Introduction -- AD Scriptwriting -- Information on the AD Process and its Variants -- Appendices -- References -- 13: From DTV4ALL to HBB4ALL: Accessibility in European Broadcasting -- 13.1 The European Policy Support Programme -- 13.2 The Project DTV4ALL -- 13.3 Audio Description in DTV4ALL -- 13.3.1 AD Service Scenarios -- 13.3.2 Translating Audio Description Across Europe -- 13.4 The Project HBB4ALL -- 13.4.1 Audio Description as a Didactic Tool -- 13.4.2 Audio Description and Second Screen Terminals -- 13.4.3 Quality of Genre-Specific AD -- 13.4.4 Sound Mix in Audio Description -- 13.5 Conclusion -- References -- 14: The ALST Project: Technologies for Audio Description -- 14.1 The ALST Project -- 14.2 Speech Recognition in Audio Description -- 14.3 Machine Translation in Audio Description -- 14.4 Speech Synthesis in Audio Description -- 14.5 Conclusions and Further Work -- References -- 15: Audio Description of Press Illustrations for Young Readers by Young Volunteers -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 'De Facto' at the Service of the Visually Impaired -- 15.3 Accessibility to the Press in Poland -- 15.4 E-Kiosk -- 15.5 Press Illustrations -- 15.6 The Voluntary School Groups Project -- 15.7 Voluntary School Groups: The Training -- 15.8 The Benefits of the Project -- 15.9 Conclusions -- References -- 16: Open Art: Designing Accessible Content in a Multimedia Guide App for Visitors with and without Sensory Impairments -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Universal Design and Its Application to the Open Art Project -- 16.3 Needs Analysis and Reception Studies -- 16.3.1 Museum and Gallery Visiting Habits -- 16.3.2 Attitude Towards Contemporary Art -- 16.3.3 Expectations Regarding the Description. 16.3.4 The Format of the Description -- 16.3.5 Optimal Duration -- 16.3.6 Evaluation of the Description -- 16.4 Optimum Description of a Work of Art -- 16.4.1 Introductory Information -- 16.4.2 Description of the Visual Aspects of the Work -- 16.4.3 Interpretation and Historical Context -- 16.4.4 Information About the Artist and Other Works -- 16.4.5 Interviews with Curators, Critics, Conservators and Others -- 16.4.6 Curiosities and Titbits -- 16.5 Conclusion -- References -- Index.
9781137569172
Translating and interpreting.
Electronic books.
P129-138.7222
362.4/048
Researching Audio Description : New Approaches. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (339 pages) - Palgrave Studies in Translating and Interpreting Series . - Palgrave Studies in Translating and Interpreting Series .
Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Notes on Contributors -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1: Audio Description and Accessibility Studies: A Work in Progress -- References -- Part I: Re-thinking Accessibility -- 2: On Accessibility as a Human Right, with an Application to Media Accessibility -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Rights and Human Rights -- 2.3 The 'Accessibility as a Human Right Divide' Problem -- 2.4 Tackling the AHRD Problem -- 2.5 Accessibility as a Proactive Principle, Access as a Necessary Requirement -- 2.6 Some Consequences on Media Accessibility -- 2.7 Conclusion -- References -- 3: Impairment and Disability: Challenging Concepts of 'Normality' -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 History of Disability-Related Language -- 3.3 The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities -- 3.4 Impairment -- 3.5 Disability -- 3.6 Who Is Impaired? -- 3.7 Who Is Disabled? -- 3.8 Who Benefits from a More Accessible Society? -- 3.9 Universal Design -- 3.10 The World Health Organization's ICF -- 3.11 What Persons with Disabilities Think -- 3.12 Conclusion -- References -- Part II: From Theory to Practice: Researching Audio Description -- 4: A Cognitive Approach to Audio Description -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Three Perspectives on AD -- 4.2.1 The Production Perspective -- 4.2.2 The Reception Perspective -- 4.2.3 The Meeting of Minds Perspective -- 4.3 A Framework of Theories on Mental Imagery and Embodied Cognition -- 4.3.1 Mental Imagery in Sighted Individuals -- 4.3.2 Mental Imagery in Blind Individuals -- 4.3.3 Embodied Cognition -- 4.4 Swedish Research Initiatives and Current Projects -- 4.4.1 Current Projects -- 4.4.2 Combination of Various Methods -- 4.5 Summary and Conclusion -- References. 5: Game Accessibility for the Blind: Current Overview and the Potential Application of Audio Description as the Way Forward -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Game Accessibility: An Overview -- 5.3 Gaming Options for Blind and Visually Impaired Players -- 5.4 Existing Games Adapted for Blind and Visually Impaired Players -- 5.5 Games Specifically Designed to Be Accessible to Blind and Visually Impaired Players -- 5.6 Audio Games and 'Video-less' Games -- 5.7 The Potential Application of Audio Description to Video Games -- 5.8 Conclusion -- 5.9 Gameography -- References -- 6: Should Audio Description Reflect the Way Sighted Viewers Look at Films? Combining Eye-Tracking and Reception Study Data -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Eye-Tracking Studies in Audio Description -- 6.3 Reception Studies in Audio Description -- 6.4 The Present Study -- 6.4.1 Summary of Stage One (Eye-Tracking and Verbal Reports) -- 6.4.2 Stage Two (A Reception Study) -- 6.4.2.1 Aim -- 6.4.2.2 Methodology (Study Design) -- 6.4.2.3 Materials -- 6.4.3 Procedure -- 6.4.4 Participants -- 6.4.5 Results and Discussion -- 6.5 General Discussion and Conclusions -- Appendix: The Questionnaire -- Audio Introduction -- Another Example -- References -- 7: Audio Description Washes Brighter? A Study in Brand Names and Advertising -- 7.1 Introduction: Audio Describing Objects -- 7.2 Translation and Advertising -- 7.3 Brands in Audio Description: The Corpus -- 7.4 Brands in Audio Description: The Analysis -- 7.5 The Impact of Audio Description Strategies on Its Reception -- 7.6 Conclusion -- References -- 8: 'What Should I Say?' Tentative Criteria to Prioritize Information in the Audio Description of Film Characters -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The Current Study -- 8.2.1 Methods -- 8.2.2 Participants -- 8.2.3 Materials -- 8.2.3.1 The Corpus -- 8.2.3.2 Instruments -- 8.2.4 Results. 8.3 Discussion -- 8.4 Conclusions -- References -- 9: How Co-Speech Gestures are Rendered in Audio Description: A Case Study -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Gesture Classification -- 9.3 Gestures in Audio Description -- 9.4 The Study -- 9.4.1 The Corpus -- 9.4.2 Methodology -- 9.5 The Analysis -- 9.5.1 Qualitative Analysis -- 9.5.1.1 Emblems -- 9.5.1.2 Illustrators -- 9.5.1.3 Emotional Gestures -- 9.5.2 Discussion -- 9.5.2.1 Naming -- 9.5.2.2 Providing Meaning -- 9.5.2.3 Literal Description -- 9.5.3 Quantitative Analysis -- 9.6 Conclusions -- References -- 10: Foreign Language Class with Audio Description: A Case Study -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Audio Description in Education -- 10.3 Foreign Language Acquisition by Visually Impaired Learners -- 10.4 Methodology -- 10.4.1 Sample -- 10.4.2 Study Material -- 10.4.3 Procedure -- 10.5 Results and Discussion -- 10.5.1 Acquisition of Foreign Language Vocabulary -- 10.5.2 Educational Value of AD -- 10.5.3 General Observations -- 10.6 Conclusions -- References -- 11: An Overview of Audio Description on Thai Television -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Media Regulation for People with Disabilities in Thailand -- 11.3 Audio Description Projects in Thai Television -- 11.4 Audio Description Research in Thailand -- 11.4.1 Researching Audience Needs and Preferences -- 11.4.2 Analysing the First Thai AD Experience: The AD Production Process -- 11.4.3 Exploring Principles of Audio Description in the Thai Context -- 11.4.4 Audio Describing for Children -- 11.5 Audio Description Seminars, Training and Class Projects in Thailand -- 11.6 The Future of Audio Description in Thai Television -- 11.7 Conclusions -- References -- Part III: Audio Description Projects -- 12: The ADLAB Project: Audio Description for the Blind -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Aims and Objectives -- 12.3 Work Package 1. 12.4 Work Package 2 -- 12.5 Work Package 3 -- 12.6 Work Package 4 -- 12.7 Conclusions -- Appendix -- Annex 2: ADLAB Manual (parts and chapters) -- Introduction -- AD Scriptwriting -- Information on the AD Process and its Variants -- Appendices -- References -- 13: From DTV4ALL to HBB4ALL: Accessibility in European Broadcasting -- 13.1 The European Policy Support Programme -- 13.2 The Project DTV4ALL -- 13.3 Audio Description in DTV4ALL -- 13.3.1 AD Service Scenarios -- 13.3.2 Translating Audio Description Across Europe -- 13.4 The Project HBB4ALL -- 13.4.1 Audio Description as a Didactic Tool -- 13.4.2 Audio Description and Second Screen Terminals -- 13.4.3 Quality of Genre-Specific AD -- 13.4.4 Sound Mix in Audio Description -- 13.5 Conclusion -- References -- 14: The ALST Project: Technologies for Audio Description -- 14.1 The ALST Project -- 14.2 Speech Recognition in Audio Description -- 14.3 Machine Translation in Audio Description -- 14.4 Speech Synthesis in Audio Description -- 14.5 Conclusions and Further Work -- References -- 15: Audio Description of Press Illustrations for Young Readers by Young Volunteers -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 'De Facto' at the Service of the Visually Impaired -- 15.3 Accessibility to the Press in Poland -- 15.4 E-Kiosk -- 15.5 Press Illustrations -- 15.6 The Voluntary School Groups Project -- 15.7 Voluntary School Groups: The Training -- 15.8 The Benefits of the Project -- 15.9 Conclusions -- References -- 16: Open Art: Designing Accessible Content in a Multimedia Guide App for Visitors with and without Sensory Impairments -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Universal Design and Its Application to the Open Art Project -- 16.3 Needs Analysis and Reception Studies -- 16.3.1 Museum and Gallery Visiting Habits -- 16.3.2 Attitude Towards Contemporary Art -- 16.3.3 Expectations Regarding the Description. 16.3.4 The Format of the Description -- 16.3.5 Optimal Duration -- 16.3.6 Evaluation of the Description -- 16.4 Optimum Description of a Work of Art -- 16.4.1 Introductory Information -- 16.4.2 Description of the Visual Aspects of the Work -- 16.4.3 Interpretation and Historical Context -- 16.4.4 Information About the Artist and Other Works -- 16.4.5 Interviews with Curators, Critics, Conservators and Others -- 16.4.6 Curiosities and Titbits -- 16.5 Conclusion -- References -- Index.
9781137569172
Translating and interpreting.
Electronic books.
P129-138.7222
362.4/048