The Role of Functions in Syntax. A unified approach to language theory, description, and typology. : A unified approach to language theory, description, and typology.
Frajzyngier, Zygmunt.
The Role of Functions in Syntax. A unified approach to language theory, description, and typology. : A unified approach to language theory, description, and typology. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (326 pages) - Typological Studies in Language ; v.111 . - Typological Studies in Language .
Intro -- The Role of Functions in Syntax -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Acknowledgments -- List of abbreviations -- The importance of meaning for syntax -- 1. The aim of the book -- 2. A sample of open questions -- 3. Significance of the book -- 4. Content of the present volume -- Part I: Theoretical and methodological foundations of the approach -- Part II: Case studies -- Part III: Typology within the proposed approach -- Theoretical foundations of the proposed approach -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Semantic structure, functional domain and subdomain -- 3. Languages differ with respect to functional domains, subdomains, and meanings encoded in the grammatical system -- 4. Progressive aspect in English -- 5. Formal consequences of meaning encoded in the grammatical system -- 5.1 Consequences of the choice of forms -- 5.2 Constraints on lexical insertion -- 6. Factors affecting the realization of a meaning encoded in the grammatical system -- 6.1 Choice of lexical items affecting the realization of the meaning encoded in the grammatical system -- 6.2 Adverbial modification -- 6.3 The meaning of a lexical item and the benefactive predication -- 7. Interaction between two meanings encoded in the grammatical system -- 8. Principle of functional transparency: Its scope and consequences -- 9. Relationship between meaning encoded in the grammatical system and the structure of the lexicon -- 9.1 The motivation for lexical categories -- 9.2 Lexicalization of the categories 'noun' and 'verb' -- 9.3 Adjectives -- 10. Relationships among the meaning encoded in the grammatical system, the lexicon, and co-occurrence with other meanings encoded in the grammatical system -- 11. Similarities and differences across languages -- 12. Situating the present theory in relationship to other theories. Why the meaning encoded in the grammatical system matters -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Locative predication vs. locative expressions -- 3. The evidence -- 3.1 The coding means in locative predications -- 3.2 Inherently locative predicate and inherently locative complement: Coding through juxtaposition -- 3.3 Inherently locative predicate and non-locative argument: Predicate PREP Noun -- 3.4 Non-locative predicate and inherently locative complement: Predicate á Noun -- 3.5 Non-locative predicate and non-locative complement: Predicate PRED PREP Noun -- 4. Consequences of encoding locative predication in the grammatical system: Genitive predication in the locative phrase -- 5. Conclusions -- 5.1 Conclusions concerning Mina -- 5.2 Theoretical conclusions -- Lexical and morphological coding means and their implications -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Lexical categories, subcategories, and derivational morphology -- 2.1 Lexical categories as a coding means -- 2.2 An open question in lexical categories: Ideophones -- 2.3 Motivation for lexical subcategories -- 3. Verbal extensions -- 4. Conclusions -- Linear orders as coding means -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Linear order in linguistic theory -- 3. Linear order as a formal domain -- 4. Default position for a lexical or grammatical category -- 5. The SV word order in English as a coding means -- 6. Coding by position -- 7. Coding by position in English -- 8. Position before the auxiliary or verb in French -- 9. Alternations in the default linear coding and the coding by position -- 10. Relative order as a coding means -- 11. Linear precedence -- 12. Conclusions -- A methodology for the discovery of meanings encoded in the grammatical system -- 1. Questions the methodology aims to address -- 2. Discovery of coding means -- 2.1 Discovery of lexical items with grammatical functions -- 2.2 Discovery of structures. 3. Structural function versus meaning -- 3.1 Retention of the word-final vowel in Wandala -- 3.2 Complementizers 'that' in English and że in Polish -- 4. Discovery of meaning -- 4.1 General principles -- 4.2 Reminder of theoretical assumptions -- 4.3 Discovering the domain: Lack of co-occurrence with other markers -- 4.4 Determining the function of the form: Coordinating conjunctions in English and Polish -- 4.5 The search for the function of the form doesn't have to be haphazard -- 4.6 The test of omission -- 4.7 The study of the distribution of a form -- 5. Search for other structures belonging to the same domain -- 6. The distinctive feature of a function -- 7. Two tools in semantic argumentation: Internal contradiction and tautology -- 8. A practical matter: The role of questionnaires in the discovery of forms and functions -- 9. Conclusions -- The distinction between the meaning encoded in the grammatical system and inferences from utterances -- 1. Aim and scope of the chapter -- 2. 'Affect' and 'affectedness' in linguistic literature -- 3. Background information about the structure of Mina -- 4. The question: A structure whose function is not obvious -- 5. Discourse function of the structure m V-yi -- 6. The semantic role of the subject and the structure m V-yi -- 6.1 Affectedness with intransitive verbs -- 6.2 Affectedness with inherently transitive verbs -- 7. Affectedness predication and the part-whole relationship -- 8. When the affectedness marking cannot be used -- 9. Conclusions and implications -- Indirectly affected argument, benefactive, and malefactive -- 1. Introduction -- 2. State of the art -- 3. Indirectly affected argument predication -- 4. The indirectly affected argument predication in Lele -- 5. English recipient/benefactive function -- 6. Relationship between the benefactive and goal functions in English. 7. Malefactive predication -- 8. Conclusions -- The clause and the meanings encoded in the grammatical system -- 1. The goal of the chapter -- 2. Clausal structure in linguistic theory -- 3. Functions at the level of the clause -- 4. The category point of view of the subject -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Arguments against the coreferentiality function -- 4.3 Point of view of the subject and the marker się -- 4.4 Summary of the point of view of the subject in Polish -- 4.5 Point of view of the subject in Hdi -- 5. Goal orientation -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Implications of the coding of source/subject orientation and goal in Hdi -- 6. Thetic predication 1 in Polish -- 7. Thetic predication in Wandala: Nominal subject as adjunct -- 8. Constraining the scope of the event: Absence of a goal -- 9. Conclusions -- Clausal predications in English -- 1. The coding means of English -- 2. The existential predications -- 3. Equational predications -- 4. Attributive predication -- 5. The intransitive predications -- 6. Transitive predication -- 7. Passive predication in English -- 8. Benefactive predication -- 9. Thetic predication -- 10. Conclusions -- Clausal predications in Polish -- 1. Introduction: The formal means of coding -- 2. Equational predication -- 3. Identificational predication -- 4. Thetic predication 2 -- 5. Intransitive dynamic predication -- 6. Goal and non goal predication -- 7. Indirectly affected argument predication -- 8. Passive predication -- 9. Conclusions about Polish -- Clausal predications in Wandala -- 1. The formal means of Wandala -- 2. Affirmative existential predication -- 3. Negative existential predication -- 4. Possessive predication -- 5. Locative predication -- 6. Equational predication -- 7. Presentative predication -- 8. Grammatical roles of nouns following constituents other than the verb. 9. Semantic relations of nouns following the verb -- 9.1 The form of the verb -- 9.2 Transitive events under subject control -- 9.3 Non-affected subject non-affected object predication -- 9.4 Affected-subject predication -- 10. The goal marker á and verbal predications -- 11. Indirectly affected argument predication -- 12. The point of view predication -- 13. Conclusions about clausal predication in Wandala -- Towards a non-aprioristic typology of functional categories -- 1. Various uses of typological research -- 2. The object of typology with respect to grammatical categories -- 3. 'Conceptual' or 'cognitive' categories -- 3.1 The basic assumptions -- 3.2 Sources of 'cognitive/conceptual' or 'comparative' categories -- 4. A typology without 'comparative concepts' -- 5. How to determine whether forms in different languages code the same or different functions -- 5.1 The simplest case -- 5.2 The importance of functional domain -- 5.3 The defining feature and properties of the predication -- 5.4 A major issue: How to choose among several features -- 6. What will a typology of functional categories will look like? -- 7. Typology of clausal predications in the three languages -- 8. Discussion and conclusions -- Conclusions, implications, and open questions -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Coding means versus functions -- 3. Semantic structure of individual languages -- 4. Discovery of meaning -- 5. Realization of meaning and the role of syntax -- 6. A few questions and the proposed answers -- 7. Cross-linguistic similarities and differences -- 8. Open questions -- References -- Subject index -- Languages index -- Name index.
9789027267283
Grammar, Comparative and general--Syntax.
Electronic books.
P291.F723 2016
415
The Role of Functions in Syntax. A unified approach to language theory, description, and typology. : A unified approach to language theory, description, and typology. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (326 pages) - Typological Studies in Language ; v.111 . - Typological Studies in Language .
Intro -- The Role of Functions in Syntax -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Acknowledgments -- List of abbreviations -- The importance of meaning for syntax -- 1. The aim of the book -- 2. A sample of open questions -- 3. Significance of the book -- 4. Content of the present volume -- Part I: Theoretical and methodological foundations of the approach -- Part II: Case studies -- Part III: Typology within the proposed approach -- Theoretical foundations of the proposed approach -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Semantic structure, functional domain and subdomain -- 3. Languages differ with respect to functional domains, subdomains, and meanings encoded in the grammatical system -- 4. Progressive aspect in English -- 5. Formal consequences of meaning encoded in the grammatical system -- 5.1 Consequences of the choice of forms -- 5.2 Constraints on lexical insertion -- 6. Factors affecting the realization of a meaning encoded in the grammatical system -- 6.1 Choice of lexical items affecting the realization of the meaning encoded in the grammatical system -- 6.2 Adverbial modification -- 6.3 The meaning of a lexical item and the benefactive predication -- 7. Interaction between two meanings encoded in the grammatical system -- 8. Principle of functional transparency: Its scope and consequences -- 9. Relationship between meaning encoded in the grammatical system and the structure of the lexicon -- 9.1 The motivation for lexical categories -- 9.2 Lexicalization of the categories 'noun' and 'verb' -- 9.3 Adjectives -- 10. Relationships among the meaning encoded in the grammatical system, the lexicon, and co-occurrence with other meanings encoded in the grammatical system -- 11. Similarities and differences across languages -- 12. Situating the present theory in relationship to other theories. Why the meaning encoded in the grammatical system matters -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Locative predication vs. locative expressions -- 3. The evidence -- 3.1 The coding means in locative predications -- 3.2 Inherently locative predicate and inherently locative complement: Coding through juxtaposition -- 3.3 Inherently locative predicate and non-locative argument: Predicate PREP Noun -- 3.4 Non-locative predicate and inherently locative complement: Predicate á Noun -- 3.5 Non-locative predicate and non-locative complement: Predicate PRED PREP Noun -- 4. Consequences of encoding locative predication in the grammatical system: Genitive predication in the locative phrase -- 5. Conclusions -- 5.1 Conclusions concerning Mina -- 5.2 Theoretical conclusions -- Lexical and morphological coding means and their implications -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Lexical categories, subcategories, and derivational morphology -- 2.1 Lexical categories as a coding means -- 2.2 An open question in lexical categories: Ideophones -- 2.3 Motivation for lexical subcategories -- 3. Verbal extensions -- 4. Conclusions -- Linear orders as coding means -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Linear order in linguistic theory -- 3. Linear order as a formal domain -- 4. Default position for a lexical or grammatical category -- 5. The SV word order in English as a coding means -- 6. Coding by position -- 7. Coding by position in English -- 8. Position before the auxiliary or verb in French -- 9. Alternations in the default linear coding and the coding by position -- 10. Relative order as a coding means -- 11. Linear precedence -- 12. Conclusions -- A methodology for the discovery of meanings encoded in the grammatical system -- 1. Questions the methodology aims to address -- 2. Discovery of coding means -- 2.1 Discovery of lexical items with grammatical functions -- 2.2 Discovery of structures. 3. Structural function versus meaning -- 3.1 Retention of the word-final vowel in Wandala -- 3.2 Complementizers 'that' in English and że in Polish -- 4. Discovery of meaning -- 4.1 General principles -- 4.2 Reminder of theoretical assumptions -- 4.3 Discovering the domain: Lack of co-occurrence with other markers -- 4.4 Determining the function of the form: Coordinating conjunctions in English and Polish -- 4.5 The search for the function of the form doesn't have to be haphazard -- 4.6 The test of omission -- 4.7 The study of the distribution of a form -- 5. Search for other structures belonging to the same domain -- 6. The distinctive feature of a function -- 7. Two tools in semantic argumentation: Internal contradiction and tautology -- 8. A practical matter: The role of questionnaires in the discovery of forms and functions -- 9. Conclusions -- The distinction between the meaning encoded in the grammatical system and inferences from utterances -- 1. Aim and scope of the chapter -- 2. 'Affect' and 'affectedness' in linguistic literature -- 3. Background information about the structure of Mina -- 4. The question: A structure whose function is not obvious -- 5. Discourse function of the structure m V-yi -- 6. The semantic role of the subject and the structure m V-yi -- 6.1 Affectedness with intransitive verbs -- 6.2 Affectedness with inherently transitive verbs -- 7. Affectedness predication and the part-whole relationship -- 8. When the affectedness marking cannot be used -- 9. Conclusions and implications -- Indirectly affected argument, benefactive, and malefactive -- 1. Introduction -- 2. State of the art -- 3. Indirectly affected argument predication -- 4. The indirectly affected argument predication in Lele -- 5. English recipient/benefactive function -- 6. Relationship between the benefactive and goal functions in English. 7. Malefactive predication -- 8. Conclusions -- The clause and the meanings encoded in the grammatical system -- 1. The goal of the chapter -- 2. Clausal structure in linguistic theory -- 3. Functions at the level of the clause -- 4. The category point of view of the subject -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Arguments against the coreferentiality function -- 4.3 Point of view of the subject and the marker się -- 4.4 Summary of the point of view of the subject in Polish -- 4.5 Point of view of the subject in Hdi -- 5. Goal orientation -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Implications of the coding of source/subject orientation and goal in Hdi -- 6. Thetic predication 1 in Polish -- 7. Thetic predication in Wandala: Nominal subject as adjunct -- 8. Constraining the scope of the event: Absence of a goal -- 9. Conclusions -- Clausal predications in English -- 1. The coding means of English -- 2. The existential predications -- 3. Equational predications -- 4. Attributive predication -- 5. The intransitive predications -- 6. Transitive predication -- 7. Passive predication in English -- 8. Benefactive predication -- 9. Thetic predication -- 10. Conclusions -- Clausal predications in Polish -- 1. Introduction: The formal means of coding -- 2. Equational predication -- 3. Identificational predication -- 4. Thetic predication 2 -- 5. Intransitive dynamic predication -- 6. Goal and non goal predication -- 7. Indirectly affected argument predication -- 8. Passive predication -- 9. Conclusions about Polish -- Clausal predications in Wandala -- 1. The formal means of Wandala -- 2. Affirmative existential predication -- 3. Negative existential predication -- 4. Possessive predication -- 5. Locative predication -- 6. Equational predication -- 7. Presentative predication -- 8. Grammatical roles of nouns following constituents other than the verb. 9. Semantic relations of nouns following the verb -- 9.1 The form of the verb -- 9.2 Transitive events under subject control -- 9.3 Non-affected subject non-affected object predication -- 9.4 Affected-subject predication -- 10. The goal marker á and verbal predications -- 11. Indirectly affected argument predication -- 12. The point of view predication -- 13. Conclusions about clausal predication in Wandala -- Towards a non-aprioristic typology of functional categories -- 1. Various uses of typological research -- 2. The object of typology with respect to grammatical categories -- 3. 'Conceptual' or 'cognitive' categories -- 3.1 The basic assumptions -- 3.2 Sources of 'cognitive/conceptual' or 'comparative' categories -- 4. A typology without 'comparative concepts' -- 5. How to determine whether forms in different languages code the same or different functions -- 5.1 The simplest case -- 5.2 The importance of functional domain -- 5.3 The defining feature and properties of the predication -- 5.4 A major issue: How to choose among several features -- 6. What will a typology of functional categories will look like? -- 7. Typology of clausal predications in the three languages -- 8. Discussion and conclusions -- Conclusions, implications, and open questions -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Coding means versus functions -- 3. Semantic structure of individual languages -- 4. Discovery of meaning -- 5. Realization of meaning and the role of syntax -- 6. A few questions and the proposed answers -- 7. Cross-linguistic similarities and differences -- 8. Open questions -- References -- Subject index -- Languages index -- Name index.
9789027267283
Grammar, Comparative and general--Syntax.
Electronic books.
P291.F723 2016
415