Narcolepsy : A Clinical Guide.
Goswami, Meeta.
Narcolepsy : A Clinical Guide. - 2nd ed. - 1 online resource (448 pages)
Intro -- Dedication -- Preface -- Credits and Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Editors -- Contributors -- Part I: Etiology -- 1: The Genetics of Narcolepsy -- Introduction -- Animal Models of Narcolepsy -- Hypocretin System Genes in Human Narcolepsy -- Narcolepsy and Immune-Related Genes -- Nonimmune System-Related Genes in Narcolepsy -- Conclusion -- References -- 2: Orexin (Hypocretin) and Narcolepsy -- Discovery of Orexin (Hypocretin) -- Disruption of the Orexin System Causes Narcolepsy-Cataplexy -- The Regulation of Sleep and Wakefulness by Orexin Peptides -- Differential Involvement of Deficient OX1R- and OX2R-Mediated Pathways in the Pathophysiology of Narcolepsy -- Effector Neural Circuits That Stabilize Wakefulness Downstream to Orexin Neurons -- Links among Emotion, Narcolepsy, and Orexins -- Conclusions -- References -- 3: Precipitants of Narcolepsy: Vaccines and Infections -- Precipitants of Narcolepsy -- Upper Airway Infections Increase the Risk of Narcolepsy -- Epidemiological Evidence -- Streptococcus pyogenes -- Influenza A Virus -- Infections Precede Narcolepsy Onset -- The 1918 Spanish Flu and Encephalitis Lethargica -- H1N1 Vaccination -- The H1N1 Vaccine Pandemrix Is Associated with Narcolepsy Onset in Children -- The H1N1 Vaccine Pandemrix and Narcolepsy in Adults -- Pandemrix-Associated Narcolepsy Versus Spontaneous Narcolepsy -- Vaccine Composition Matters -- Could an Infection Trigger Narcolepsy with Hypocretin Deficiency? -- References -- Part II: Clinical Considerations -- 4: Epidemiology of Narcolepsy -- Narcolepsy Has a Variable Phenotype -- Difficulties with Diagnosis Complicate Epidemiological Estimates -- Prevalence and Incidence Estimates Vary by Methods and Populations -- Age of Onset Generally Begins in the First Two Decades -- Narcolepsy Without Cataplexy Is More Common Among Men Than Women. Narcolepsy Has Few Links to Lifestyle Characteristics -- Narcolepsy Has Both a Genetic and Environmental Link -- Seasonality of Birth Gives Clues to Environmental Origins of Narcolepsy -- Looking Ahead: The Future of Epidemiology of Narcolepsy -- References -- 5: Diagnostic Criteria and Delay in Diagnosis of Narcolepsy -- APA DSM-V Narcolepsy Diagnostic Criteria -- ICSD3 Narcolepsy Diagnostic Criteria -- Delay in Diagnosis -- Clinical Features -- Diagnostic Tests -- Conclusion -- References -- 6: Narcolepsy in Childhood -- Historical Notes -- Introduction -- Prevalence -- Clinical Presentation -- Preschool-Age Children -- School-Age Children -- Behavioral, Psychosocial, and School Problems -- Quality of Life -- Metabolic Disturbances -- Twin Studies in Narcolepsy -- Secondary Narcolepsy -- Role of Infections in Triggering Narcolepsy -- Physical Examination -- Diagnosis -- Polysomnography and Multiple Sleep Latency Test -- Sleep Logs -- Histocompatibility Antigen and Other Loci -- CSF Hypocretin Deficiency (Also Known as Orexin Deficiency) -- Computerized Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) -- Questionnaires for Assessing Sleepiness -- Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT) -- Actigraphy -- Differential Diagnoses -- Management -- Temazepam -- Immunotherapy -- Conclusions -- References -- 7: Narcolepsy in the Older Adult -- Introduction -- Narcolepsy Onset After Age 35 -- Case 1 -- Delayed Diagnosis -- Case 2 -- Symptomatic Narcolepsy -- Case 3 -- Implications of Narcolepsy in the Older Adult and Therapeutic Challenges -- Conclusion -- References -- 8: Hypnagogic Hallucinations and Sleep Paralysis -- Introduction -- Hypnagogic Hallucinations -- Clinical Features -- Hypnagogic Hallucinations and Dreams -- Hypnagogic Hallucinations and Schizophrenia -- Hypnagogic Hallucinations and Other Neurological Disorders -- Sleep Paralysis. Clinical Features -- Isolated Sleep Paralysis and Culturally Determined Interpretations -- Neurobiology of Hypnagogic Hallucinations and Sleep Paralysis -- General View -- Neurobiology of Hallucinations -- Neurobiology of Sleep Paralysis -- Theoretical Conceptualization of Dissociated REM Phenomena -- Treatment of Hypnagogic Hallucinations and Sleep Paralysis -- Sodium Oxybate -- Antidepressant Medications -- Conclusive Remarks -- References -- 9: Symptomatic Narcolepsy or Hypersomnolence with and Without Hypocretin (Orexin) Deficiency -- Introduction -- Definition of Symptomatic Narcolepsy and Its Overview -- Anatomical Substrate for the Symptoms of Narcolepsy -- Hypocretin Status in Various Neurological Conditions -- Hypocretin Status in Symptomatic Narcolepsy-Cataplexy Associated with Distinct CNS Lesions -- Hypocretin Status in Symptomatic Narcolepsy-Cataplexy and/or EDS Associated with Inherited Disorders -- Prader-Willi Syndrome -- Niemann-Pick Type C Disease (NPC) -- Myotonic Dystrophy (MYD) -- Hypocretin Status in Hypersomnia in Various Neurological Conditions -- Focal/Generalized CNS Invasion -- Cerebral Tumors -- Infarctions -- Encephalopathies -- Wernicke's Encephalopathy -- Limbic Encephalopathy -- Rasmussen's Syndrome -- Brain Stem Encephalitis -- Hashimoto's Encephalopathies -- Neurodegenerative Disorders -- Parkinson's Disease (PD) -- Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) -- Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) -- Alzheimer's Disease (AD) -- Huntington's Disease -- Head Trauma -- CNS Diseases Mediated with Neuroimmune Mechanisms -- Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) -- Demyelinating Diseases -- Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) -- Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) -- Paraneoplastic Syndrome -- Others -- Behçet's Disease -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- References. 10: Hypersomnias Other Than Narcolepsy: Differential Diagnosis -- Introduction -- Definitions -- Clinical Approach of Excessive Sleepiness -- Laboratory Investigations -- Measures of Sleepiness -- Multiple Sleep Latency test -- Maintenance of Wakefulness Test -- Measures of Total Sleep Time -- Measures of Vigilance -- Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) -- Oxford Sleep Resistance (OSLER) Test -- Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) -- Brain Imaging -- Psychometric/Psychiatric Evaluation -- Various Causes of Hypersomnia -- Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders -- Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome -- Central Sleep Apnea Syndrome -- Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence -- Idiopathic Hypersomnia -- Kleine-Levin Syndrome -- Hypersomnia Due to Medical Disorders -- Neurologic Disorders -- Infectious and Parasitic Diseases -- Multisystem Diseases -- Endocrine Disorders -- Genetic Disorders -- Hypersomnia Due to a Medication or Substance -- Hypersomnia Associated with a Psychiatric Disorder -- Insufficient Sleep Syndrome -- Conclusion -- References -- 11: Narcolepsy and Other Comorbid Medical Illnesses -- Introduction -- Comorbid Eating Disorders and Obesity -- Diabetes Mellitus -- Psychiatric Disorders -- Fibromyalgia -- Migraines and Other Headaches -- Cognitive Dysfunction -- Psychosocial Comorbidities -- Obstructive Sleep Apnea -- Other: Cardiovascular, Gastrointestinal, and Pulmonary Diseases -- Mortality -- Conclusion -- References -- 12: Sleep Disorder Comorbidities in Narcolepsy -- Introduction -- Sleep Comorbidities in Pediatric Narcolepsy -- Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders -- Circadian Rhythm Disorders and Narcolepsy in Shift Workers -- Parasomnias -- Nightmares -- Sleepwalking -- REM Sleep Behavior Disorder -- Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Leg Movements -- Narcolepsy with Cataplexy, Hallucinations, and Psychotic Comorbidity. Management of Sleep Comorbidities in Narcolepsy -- References -- 13: Neuroimaging of Narcolepsy -- Introduction -- Structural Imaging in Narcolepsy -- Grey Matter Alterations -- White Matter Alterations -- Spectroscopy -- Functional Imaging in Narcolepsy -- Baseline Conditions -- Cataplexy -- Emotional Stimulation -- Neurotransmission -- Summary -- References -- Part III: Psychosocial Considerations -- 14: Quality of Life and Psychosocial Issues in Narcolepsy: Implications for Management -- Introduction -- QOL, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Health Status -- Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in Narcolepsy -- The Short Form 36 (SF-36) -- Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) -- Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ) -- Points to Consider in Critical Appraisal of Research on HRQOL in Narcolepsy -- Quality of Life in Narcolepsy -- Health-Related Quality of Life -- How Do Patients Adjust to a New Way of Life After Successful Treatment of Narcolepsy? -- Can a Disability Have Any Positive Consequences for the Individual and the Family? -- The Value of Social Support -- Support Groups -- Who Can Provide Support? -- Narcolepsy and Support Groups -- Why Do Some Members Not Attend Support Group Meetings? -- What Characteristics Differentiate Those Who Attend Support Groups from Those Who Don't? -- Support Groups/Self-Help Groups and the Internet -- Telephone-Based Peer Support Groups -- Recent Advances in Facilitating Social Well-Being -- Implications for Management of Narcolepsy -- Social Support and Counseling -- Transportation -- Employment -- Research Implications -- References -- 15: Narcolepsy, Intimacy, and Sexuality -- Introduction -- Definitions -- Impact of Symptoms as a Function of Developmental Stage -- Case History: MAG -- Case History: RIL -- Later Adolescence and Early Adulthood. Adulthood and Nonsexual Aspects of Intimacy.
9783319237398
Neurology.
Electronic books.
RC1-1245
616.8498
Narcolepsy : A Clinical Guide. - 2nd ed. - 1 online resource (448 pages)
Intro -- Dedication -- Preface -- Credits and Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Editors -- Contributors -- Part I: Etiology -- 1: The Genetics of Narcolepsy -- Introduction -- Animal Models of Narcolepsy -- Hypocretin System Genes in Human Narcolepsy -- Narcolepsy and Immune-Related Genes -- Nonimmune System-Related Genes in Narcolepsy -- Conclusion -- References -- 2: Orexin (Hypocretin) and Narcolepsy -- Discovery of Orexin (Hypocretin) -- Disruption of the Orexin System Causes Narcolepsy-Cataplexy -- The Regulation of Sleep and Wakefulness by Orexin Peptides -- Differential Involvement of Deficient OX1R- and OX2R-Mediated Pathways in the Pathophysiology of Narcolepsy -- Effector Neural Circuits That Stabilize Wakefulness Downstream to Orexin Neurons -- Links among Emotion, Narcolepsy, and Orexins -- Conclusions -- References -- 3: Precipitants of Narcolepsy: Vaccines and Infections -- Precipitants of Narcolepsy -- Upper Airway Infections Increase the Risk of Narcolepsy -- Epidemiological Evidence -- Streptococcus pyogenes -- Influenza A Virus -- Infections Precede Narcolepsy Onset -- The 1918 Spanish Flu and Encephalitis Lethargica -- H1N1 Vaccination -- The H1N1 Vaccine Pandemrix Is Associated with Narcolepsy Onset in Children -- The H1N1 Vaccine Pandemrix and Narcolepsy in Adults -- Pandemrix-Associated Narcolepsy Versus Spontaneous Narcolepsy -- Vaccine Composition Matters -- Could an Infection Trigger Narcolepsy with Hypocretin Deficiency? -- References -- Part II: Clinical Considerations -- 4: Epidemiology of Narcolepsy -- Narcolepsy Has a Variable Phenotype -- Difficulties with Diagnosis Complicate Epidemiological Estimates -- Prevalence and Incidence Estimates Vary by Methods and Populations -- Age of Onset Generally Begins in the First Two Decades -- Narcolepsy Without Cataplexy Is More Common Among Men Than Women. Narcolepsy Has Few Links to Lifestyle Characteristics -- Narcolepsy Has Both a Genetic and Environmental Link -- Seasonality of Birth Gives Clues to Environmental Origins of Narcolepsy -- Looking Ahead: The Future of Epidemiology of Narcolepsy -- References -- 5: Diagnostic Criteria and Delay in Diagnosis of Narcolepsy -- APA DSM-V Narcolepsy Diagnostic Criteria -- ICSD3 Narcolepsy Diagnostic Criteria -- Delay in Diagnosis -- Clinical Features -- Diagnostic Tests -- Conclusion -- References -- 6: Narcolepsy in Childhood -- Historical Notes -- Introduction -- Prevalence -- Clinical Presentation -- Preschool-Age Children -- School-Age Children -- Behavioral, Psychosocial, and School Problems -- Quality of Life -- Metabolic Disturbances -- Twin Studies in Narcolepsy -- Secondary Narcolepsy -- Role of Infections in Triggering Narcolepsy -- Physical Examination -- Diagnosis -- Polysomnography and Multiple Sleep Latency Test -- Sleep Logs -- Histocompatibility Antigen and Other Loci -- CSF Hypocretin Deficiency (Also Known as Orexin Deficiency) -- Computerized Tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) -- Questionnaires for Assessing Sleepiness -- Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT) -- Actigraphy -- Differential Diagnoses -- Management -- Temazepam -- Immunotherapy -- Conclusions -- References -- 7: Narcolepsy in the Older Adult -- Introduction -- Narcolepsy Onset After Age 35 -- Case 1 -- Delayed Diagnosis -- Case 2 -- Symptomatic Narcolepsy -- Case 3 -- Implications of Narcolepsy in the Older Adult and Therapeutic Challenges -- Conclusion -- References -- 8: Hypnagogic Hallucinations and Sleep Paralysis -- Introduction -- Hypnagogic Hallucinations -- Clinical Features -- Hypnagogic Hallucinations and Dreams -- Hypnagogic Hallucinations and Schizophrenia -- Hypnagogic Hallucinations and Other Neurological Disorders -- Sleep Paralysis. Clinical Features -- Isolated Sleep Paralysis and Culturally Determined Interpretations -- Neurobiology of Hypnagogic Hallucinations and Sleep Paralysis -- General View -- Neurobiology of Hallucinations -- Neurobiology of Sleep Paralysis -- Theoretical Conceptualization of Dissociated REM Phenomena -- Treatment of Hypnagogic Hallucinations and Sleep Paralysis -- Sodium Oxybate -- Antidepressant Medications -- Conclusive Remarks -- References -- 9: Symptomatic Narcolepsy or Hypersomnolence with and Without Hypocretin (Orexin) Deficiency -- Introduction -- Definition of Symptomatic Narcolepsy and Its Overview -- Anatomical Substrate for the Symptoms of Narcolepsy -- Hypocretin Status in Various Neurological Conditions -- Hypocretin Status in Symptomatic Narcolepsy-Cataplexy Associated with Distinct CNS Lesions -- Hypocretin Status in Symptomatic Narcolepsy-Cataplexy and/or EDS Associated with Inherited Disorders -- Prader-Willi Syndrome -- Niemann-Pick Type C Disease (NPC) -- Myotonic Dystrophy (MYD) -- Hypocretin Status in Hypersomnia in Various Neurological Conditions -- Focal/Generalized CNS Invasion -- Cerebral Tumors -- Infarctions -- Encephalopathies -- Wernicke's Encephalopathy -- Limbic Encephalopathy -- Rasmussen's Syndrome -- Brain Stem Encephalitis -- Hashimoto's Encephalopathies -- Neurodegenerative Disorders -- Parkinson's Disease (PD) -- Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) -- Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) -- Alzheimer's Disease (AD) -- Huntington's Disease -- Head Trauma -- CNS Diseases Mediated with Neuroimmune Mechanisms -- Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) -- Demyelinating Diseases -- Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) -- Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) -- Paraneoplastic Syndrome -- Others -- Behçet's Disease -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- References. 10: Hypersomnias Other Than Narcolepsy: Differential Diagnosis -- Introduction -- Definitions -- Clinical Approach of Excessive Sleepiness -- Laboratory Investigations -- Measures of Sleepiness -- Multiple Sleep Latency test -- Maintenance of Wakefulness Test -- Measures of Total Sleep Time -- Measures of Vigilance -- Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) -- Oxford Sleep Resistance (OSLER) Test -- Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) -- Brain Imaging -- Psychometric/Psychiatric Evaluation -- Various Causes of Hypersomnia -- Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders -- Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome -- Central Sleep Apnea Syndrome -- Central Disorders of Hypersomnolence -- Idiopathic Hypersomnia -- Kleine-Levin Syndrome -- Hypersomnia Due to Medical Disorders -- Neurologic Disorders -- Infectious and Parasitic Diseases -- Multisystem Diseases -- Endocrine Disorders -- Genetic Disorders -- Hypersomnia Due to a Medication or Substance -- Hypersomnia Associated with a Psychiatric Disorder -- Insufficient Sleep Syndrome -- Conclusion -- References -- 11: Narcolepsy and Other Comorbid Medical Illnesses -- Introduction -- Comorbid Eating Disorders and Obesity -- Diabetes Mellitus -- Psychiatric Disorders -- Fibromyalgia -- Migraines and Other Headaches -- Cognitive Dysfunction -- Psychosocial Comorbidities -- Obstructive Sleep Apnea -- Other: Cardiovascular, Gastrointestinal, and Pulmonary Diseases -- Mortality -- Conclusion -- References -- 12: Sleep Disorder Comorbidities in Narcolepsy -- Introduction -- Sleep Comorbidities in Pediatric Narcolepsy -- Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders -- Circadian Rhythm Disorders and Narcolepsy in Shift Workers -- Parasomnias -- Nightmares -- Sleepwalking -- REM Sleep Behavior Disorder -- Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Leg Movements -- Narcolepsy with Cataplexy, Hallucinations, and Psychotic Comorbidity. Management of Sleep Comorbidities in Narcolepsy -- References -- 13: Neuroimaging of Narcolepsy -- Introduction -- Structural Imaging in Narcolepsy -- Grey Matter Alterations -- White Matter Alterations -- Spectroscopy -- Functional Imaging in Narcolepsy -- Baseline Conditions -- Cataplexy -- Emotional Stimulation -- Neurotransmission -- Summary -- References -- Part III: Psychosocial Considerations -- 14: Quality of Life and Psychosocial Issues in Narcolepsy: Implications for Management -- Introduction -- QOL, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Health Status -- Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in Narcolepsy -- The Short Form 36 (SF-36) -- Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) -- Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ) -- Points to Consider in Critical Appraisal of Research on HRQOL in Narcolepsy -- Quality of Life in Narcolepsy -- Health-Related Quality of Life -- How Do Patients Adjust to a New Way of Life After Successful Treatment of Narcolepsy? -- Can a Disability Have Any Positive Consequences for the Individual and the Family? -- The Value of Social Support -- Support Groups -- Who Can Provide Support? -- Narcolepsy and Support Groups -- Why Do Some Members Not Attend Support Group Meetings? -- What Characteristics Differentiate Those Who Attend Support Groups from Those Who Don't? -- Support Groups/Self-Help Groups and the Internet -- Telephone-Based Peer Support Groups -- Recent Advances in Facilitating Social Well-Being -- Implications for Management of Narcolepsy -- Social Support and Counseling -- Transportation -- Employment -- Research Implications -- References -- 15: Narcolepsy, Intimacy, and Sexuality -- Introduction -- Definitions -- Impact of Symptoms as a Function of Developmental Stage -- Case History: MAG -- Case History: RIL -- Later Adolescence and Early Adulthood. Adulthood and Nonsexual Aspects of Intimacy.
9783319237398
Neurology.
Electronic books.
RC1-1245
616.8498