Minimally Invasive Therapies for Endocrine Neck Diseases.
Lombardi, Celestino Pio.
Minimally Invasive Therapies for Endocrine Neck Diseases. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (303 pages)
Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I: Ultrasound Imaging -- 1: Ultrasound Features of Thyroid, Parathyroid, Neck Lymph Nodes: Normal and Pathologic Pattern -- 1.1 Thyroid -- 1.1.1 Normal Neck Anatomy and Standard Ultrasound Examination -- 1.1.2 Diffuse Thyroid Enlargement -- 1.1.3 Focal Enlargement -- 1.1.3.1 Echogenicity -- 1.1.3.2 Calcifications -- 1.1.3.3 Margins -- 1.1.3.4 Halo -- 1.1.3.5 Vascularization -- 1.1.3.6 Taller Than Wide -- 1.1.3.7 Stiffness -- 1.1.3.8 Associated Features -- 1.2 Neck Lymph Node -- 1.3 Parathyroid -- References -- 2: Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy -- 2.1 Procedure -- 2.2 Contraindications -- 2.3 Complications -- 2.4 Thyroglobulin in Washout Fluid from Lymph Node FNAB -- References -- 3: Cytology of Thyroid Lesions -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Non-neoplastic Lesions -- 3.3 Indeterminate Lesions -- 3.4 Suspicious for Malignancy -- 3.5 Malignant Neoplasms -- 3.6 Reporting Systems for Thyroid Cytology -- References -- 4: Molecular Markers in Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsies -- 4.1 FNAB Material Retrieval, Conservation, Work-Up -- 4.2 Assessment of Molecular Abnormality in Cytological Sample -- 4.2.1 MicroRNA -- 4.2.2 Gene Mutations -- 4.2.3 Gene Translocations -- 4.2.4 Gene Amplifications -- 4.2.5 Gene Expression Variation -- 4.2.6 Aberrant Gene Methylation -- 4.2.7 Veracyte Afirma Gene Expression Classifier (GEC): Analytical and Clinical Value -- 4.3 Impact on Diagnosis -- 4.4 Impact on Surgical Choice -- 4.5 Future Perspectives -- References -- Part II: Ultrasound-Guided Interventional Techniques -- 5: Percutaneous Ethanol Injection for the Management of Thyroid Lesions -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Cytological Assessment -- 5.2.1 Technique -- 5.2.1.1 Cystic Nodules -- 5.2.1.2 Viscous Cystic Nodules -- 5.2.1.3 Complex Nodules -- 5.2.1.4 Solid Nodules. 5.2.2 Assessment of the Response to PEIT -- 5.2.3 Side Effects -- 5.3 PEIT of Thyroid Cysts -- 5.3.1 Rationale -- 5.3.2 Results -- 5.3.3 Indications for Clinical Practice -- 5.4 Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodules (AFTNs) -- 5.4.1 Rationale -- 5.4.2 Results -- 5.4.3 Indications for Clinical Practice -- 5.5 Cold Nodules -- 5.5.1 Rationale -- 5.5.2 Results -- 5.5.3 Indications for Clinical Practice -- 5.6 Cervical Metastasis of Thyroid Cancer -- 5.6.1 Rationale -- 5.6.2 Results -- 5.6.3 Indications for Clinical Practice -- 5.7 Other Neck Lesions -- 5.8 Costs -- Conclusions -- References -- 6: Percutaneous Laser Thermal Ablation (LAT): Techniques, Indications, Experience and Complications -- 6.1 Principles and Technique -- 6.2 Experience -- 6.2.1 Cold Nodules -- 6.2.2 Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodules -- 6.2.3 Cystic Lesions -- 6.2.4 Cervical Recurrences of Thyroid Tumours -- 6.3 Tolerability and Safety -- 6.3.1 Tolerability -- 6.3.2 Complications -- 6.4 Conclusions and Indications -- References -- 7: Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Procedure -- 7.2.1 Devices -- 7.2.2 The Trans-isthmic Approach and Moving Shot Technique -- 7.3 Indications -- 7.4 Clinical Outcomes -- 7.5 Complications -- Conclusion -- References -- 8: High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation (HI-FU) in Endocrine Neck Diseases -- 8.1 Technique -- 8.2 Indications -- 8.2.1 Thyroid Disease -- 8.2.1.1 Euthyroid Nodular Goiters -- 8.2.1.2 Nodular Hyperthyroidism -- 8.2.1.3 Not Estimated Indications -- 8.2.2 Parathyroid Neck Disease -- 8.3 Experience and Complications -- 8.4 Management of Complications -- Conclusion -- References -- 9: Mini-Invasive Techniques for the Treatment of Thyroid Nodules: Critical Issues -- 9.1 PEI -- 9.2 Laser and Radiofrequency Thermal Ablation. 9.2.1 Are There US or Clinical Features or Physical Parameters Which Can Predict the Extent of Volume Reduction? Or That Can Predict Poor Response? -- 9.2.2 What Is the Best Nodule Volume for Treatment? -- 9.2.3 Is Thermal Ablation Better Than PEI in Cystic Nodules? Is There a Limit in the Solid/Colloid Ratio for Selecting Nodules to Submit to Mini-Invasive Procedures? -- 9.2.4 How Frequent Is Nodule Regrowth? How Long Does Volume Reduction Last? -- 9.2.5 Is a Single Treatment Session Enough? How Many Repeated Treatment Sessions Are Required to Significantly Increase the Nodule Volume Reduction? How Long After the First Procedure Can a Second Treatment Be Planned? -- 9.2.6 Are the Hyperfunctioning Nodules Suitable for Thermal Ablation? -- 9.2.7 Is There a Risk of Not Detecting Malignancy in Nodules Undergoing Thermal Ablation? -- 9.2.8 Is There a Precocious Thyroid Hormone Release After Treatment Causing Risk of Transient Thyrotoxicosis? -- 9.2.9 Is Thermal Ablation Cost-Effective? -- 9.2.10 Is Thermal Ablation Suitable for Treating Thyroid Cancer? -- 9.2.10.1 Local Recurrent Thyroid Cancer -- 9.2.10.2 Primary Tumor -- 9.2.11 Is a Technique (Laser or Radiofrequency) More Effective Than the Other? -- 9.3 HIFU -- 9.4 Microwave -- References -- Part III: Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques -- 10: Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Thyroidectomy (MIVAT) -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Indications -- 10.3 Instruments -- 10.4 Surgical Technique -- 10.4.1 Anaesthesia -- 10.4.2 Patient Position -- 10.4.3 Surgical Equipment -- 10.4.4 Surgical Steps -- 10.5 Personal Series -- 10.6 MIVAT: Evidence-Based Recommendations -- References -- 11: Locoregional Anesthesia in Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Benefits of Locoregional Anesthesia -- 11.3 Contraindications to Locoregional Anesthesia. 11.4 Relevant Anatomy -- 11.5 Types of Locoregional Block -- 11.6 Types of Local Anesthesia -- 11.7 Monitored Anesthesia Care -- 11.8 Patient Selection -- 11.9 Complications Specific to Locoregional Anesthesia -- Conclusion -- References -- 12: Robotic Thyroidectomy -- 12.1 Remote Access Robotic Thyroidectomy Techniques -- 12.1.1 RAT Technique -- 12.1.2 RFT Technique -- 12.2 Indications for Remote Access Robotic Thyroid Surgery -- 12.2.1 RAT Patient Selection -- 12.2.2 RFT Patient Selection -- 12.3 Experience and Complications -- 12.3.1 RAT Outcomes -- 12.3.2 RFT Outcomes -- 12.4 Management of Complications -- References -- 13: Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Parathyroidectomy (MIVAP) -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Surgical Technique -- 13.3 Indications -- 13.4 Experience and Complications -- 13.5 Advantages and Disadvantages -- 13.6 Avoiding Complications -- 13.6.1 Postoperative Hematoma -- 13.6.2 Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury -- 13.6.3 Hypocalcemia and Hypoparathyroidism -- References -- 14: Endoscopic Parathyroidectomy -- 14.1 Techniques -- 14.1.1 Minimally Invasive Radioguided Approach (MIRP) -- 14.1.2 Open Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy (OMIP) -- 14.1.3 Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Parathyroidectomy (MIVAP) -- 14.1.4 Endoscopic Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy (EMIP) -- 14.1.5 Lateral Endoscopic Parathyroidectomy -- 14.1.6 Robotic Transaxillary Parathyroidectomy -- 14.2 Indications -- 14.3 Experience and Complications -- 14.4 Management of Complications -- Conclusions -- References -- 15: Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Neck Dissection -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.1.1 Video-Assisted Central Compartment Dissection (VA-CCD) -- 15.1.2 Video-Assisted Lateral Neck Dissection (VALNED) -- 15.2 Indications -- 15.3 Surgical Technique -- 15.4 Personal Experience and Complications -- References. 16: Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques: Critical Appraisal and Future Perspectives -- 16.1 Parathyroidectomy -- 16.2 Thyroidectomy -- References -- Part IV: Intraoperative Adjuncts -- 17: Superior Laryngeal Nerve Monitoring -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 EBSLN Surgical Anatomy -- 17.2.1 Classifications -- 17.2.2 The Sternothyroid-Laryngeal Triangle -- 17.2.3 EBSLN Anastomoses -- 17.3 Incidence of EBSLN Injury -- 17.4 Diagnosis and Treatment of the EBSLN Injury -- 17.5 EBSLN Monitoring Technique -- 17.5.1 Equipment and Setup -- 17.5.2 Definitions of EBSLN Monitoring -- 17.6 Technique A -- 17.6.1 IONM of the EBSLN: Stimulation-CTM Twitch [5] -- 17.7 Technique B -- 17.7.1 IONM of the EBSLN: Stimulation-Glottic EMG Signal [5] -- 17.7.2 Normative Data of the EBSLN Monitoring -- Conclusion -- References -- 18: Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Monitoring -- 18.1 Applications of IONM -- 18.2 Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring Standards -- 18.2.1 Introduction -- 18.2.2 Technique: IONM -- 18.2.3 The Equipment Setup -- 18.2.4 Anesthesia -- 18.2.5 Loss of Signal and Its Interpretation (Fig. 18.3) -- 18.2.6 Prognostic Testing Errors -- 18.3 Promising Advances in IONM -- 18.3.1 Continuous Vagal Monitoring and Neural Injury Prevention -- 18.3.2 Superior Laryngeal Nerve (SLN) Monitoring -- 18.3.3 Neural Monitoring and Staged Thyroidectomy in Thyroid Cancer Surgery: An Emerging Concept -- 18.3.4 Intraoperative Identification of Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve -- References -- 19: Hemostatic Devices -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Harmonic Scalpel -- 19.3 LigaSure -- 19.4 BiClamp -- 19.5 Comparison Between Devices -- References -- 20: Topical Hemostatic Agents -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Indications -- 20.3 Topical Hemostatic Agents -- 20.3.1 Passive Hemostatics -- 20.3.1.1 Cellulose-Based Hemostatic Agents. 20.3.1.2 Gelatin-Based Hemostatic Agents.
9783319200651
Endoscopic surgery.
Electronic books.
RD33.53
616.44
Minimally Invasive Therapies for Endocrine Neck Diseases. - 1st ed. - 1 online resource (303 pages)
Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I: Ultrasound Imaging -- 1: Ultrasound Features of Thyroid, Parathyroid, Neck Lymph Nodes: Normal and Pathologic Pattern -- 1.1 Thyroid -- 1.1.1 Normal Neck Anatomy and Standard Ultrasound Examination -- 1.1.2 Diffuse Thyroid Enlargement -- 1.1.3 Focal Enlargement -- 1.1.3.1 Echogenicity -- 1.1.3.2 Calcifications -- 1.1.3.3 Margins -- 1.1.3.4 Halo -- 1.1.3.5 Vascularization -- 1.1.3.6 Taller Than Wide -- 1.1.3.7 Stiffness -- 1.1.3.8 Associated Features -- 1.2 Neck Lymph Node -- 1.3 Parathyroid -- References -- 2: Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy -- 2.1 Procedure -- 2.2 Contraindications -- 2.3 Complications -- 2.4 Thyroglobulin in Washout Fluid from Lymph Node FNAB -- References -- 3: Cytology of Thyroid Lesions -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Non-neoplastic Lesions -- 3.3 Indeterminate Lesions -- 3.4 Suspicious for Malignancy -- 3.5 Malignant Neoplasms -- 3.6 Reporting Systems for Thyroid Cytology -- References -- 4: Molecular Markers in Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsies -- 4.1 FNAB Material Retrieval, Conservation, Work-Up -- 4.2 Assessment of Molecular Abnormality in Cytological Sample -- 4.2.1 MicroRNA -- 4.2.2 Gene Mutations -- 4.2.3 Gene Translocations -- 4.2.4 Gene Amplifications -- 4.2.5 Gene Expression Variation -- 4.2.6 Aberrant Gene Methylation -- 4.2.7 Veracyte Afirma Gene Expression Classifier (GEC): Analytical and Clinical Value -- 4.3 Impact on Diagnosis -- 4.4 Impact on Surgical Choice -- 4.5 Future Perspectives -- References -- Part II: Ultrasound-Guided Interventional Techniques -- 5: Percutaneous Ethanol Injection for the Management of Thyroid Lesions -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Cytological Assessment -- 5.2.1 Technique -- 5.2.1.1 Cystic Nodules -- 5.2.1.2 Viscous Cystic Nodules -- 5.2.1.3 Complex Nodules -- 5.2.1.4 Solid Nodules. 5.2.2 Assessment of the Response to PEIT -- 5.2.3 Side Effects -- 5.3 PEIT of Thyroid Cysts -- 5.3.1 Rationale -- 5.3.2 Results -- 5.3.3 Indications for Clinical Practice -- 5.4 Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodules (AFTNs) -- 5.4.1 Rationale -- 5.4.2 Results -- 5.4.3 Indications for Clinical Practice -- 5.5 Cold Nodules -- 5.5.1 Rationale -- 5.5.2 Results -- 5.5.3 Indications for Clinical Practice -- 5.6 Cervical Metastasis of Thyroid Cancer -- 5.6.1 Rationale -- 5.6.2 Results -- 5.6.3 Indications for Clinical Practice -- 5.7 Other Neck Lesions -- 5.8 Costs -- Conclusions -- References -- 6: Percutaneous Laser Thermal Ablation (LAT): Techniques, Indications, Experience and Complications -- 6.1 Principles and Technique -- 6.2 Experience -- 6.2.1 Cold Nodules -- 6.2.2 Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodules -- 6.2.3 Cystic Lesions -- 6.2.4 Cervical Recurrences of Thyroid Tumours -- 6.3 Tolerability and Safety -- 6.3.1 Tolerability -- 6.3.2 Complications -- 6.4 Conclusions and Indications -- References -- 7: Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Procedure -- 7.2.1 Devices -- 7.2.2 The Trans-isthmic Approach and Moving Shot Technique -- 7.3 Indications -- 7.4 Clinical Outcomes -- 7.5 Complications -- Conclusion -- References -- 8: High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation (HI-FU) in Endocrine Neck Diseases -- 8.1 Technique -- 8.2 Indications -- 8.2.1 Thyroid Disease -- 8.2.1.1 Euthyroid Nodular Goiters -- 8.2.1.2 Nodular Hyperthyroidism -- 8.2.1.3 Not Estimated Indications -- 8.2.2 Parathyroid Neck Disease -- 8.3 Experience and Complications -- 8.4 Management of Complications -- Conclusion -- References -- 9: Mini-Invasive Techniques for the Treatment of Thyroid Nodules: Critical Issues -- 9.1 PEI -- 9.2 Laser and Radiofrequency Thermal Ablation. 9.2.1 Are There US or Clinical Features or Physical Parameters Which Can Predict the Extent of Volume Reduction? Or That Can Predict Poor Response? -- 9.2.2 What Is the Best Nodule Volume for Treatment? -- 9.2.3 Is Thermal Ablation Better Than PEI in Cystic Nodules? Is There a Limit in the Solid/Colloid Ratio for Selecting Nodules to Submit to Mini-Invasive Procedures? -- 9.2.4 How Frequent Is Nodule Regrowth? How Long Does Volume Reduction Last? -- 9.2.5 Is a Single Treatment Session Enough? How Many Repeated Treatment Sessions Are Required to Significantly Increase the Nodule Volume Reduction? How Long After the First Procedure Can a Second Treatment Be Planned? -- 9.2.6 Are the Hyperfunctioning Nodules Suitable for Thermal Ablation? -- 9.2.7 Is There a Risk of Not Detecting Malignancy in Nodules Undergoing Thermal Ablation? -- 9.2.8 Is There a Precocious Thyroid Hormone Release After Treatment Causing Risk of Transient Thyrotoxicosis? -- 9.2.9 Is Thermal Ablation Cost-Effective? -- 9.2.10 Is Thermal Ablation Suitable for Treating Thyroid Cancer? -- 9.2.10.1 Local Recurrent Thyroid Cancer -- 9.2.10.2 Primary Tumor -- 9.2.11 Is a Technique (Laser or Radiofrequency) More Effective Than the Other? -- 9.3 HIFU -- 9.4 Microwave -- References -- Part III: Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques -- 10: Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Thyroidectomy (MIVAT) -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Indications -- 10.3 Instruments -- 10.4 Surgical Technique -- 10.4.1 Anaesthesia -- 10.4.2 Patient Position -- 10.4.3 Surgical Equipment -- 10.4.4 Surgical Steps -- 10.5 Personal Series -- 10.6 MIVAT: Evidence-Based Recommendations -- References -- 11: Locoregional Anesthesia in Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Benefits of Locoregional Anesthesia -- 11.3 Contraindications to Locoregional Anesthesia. 11.4 Relevant Anatomy -- 11.5 Types of Locoregional Block -- 11.6 Types of Local Anesthesia -- 11.7 Monitored Anesthesia Care -- 11.8 Patient Selection -- 11.9 Complications Specific to Locoregional Anesthesia -- Conclusion -- References -- 12: Robotic Thyroidectomy -- 12.1 Remote Access Robotic Thyroidectomy Techniques -- 12.1.1 RAT Technique -- 12.1.2 RFT Technique -- 12.2 Indications for Remote Access Robotic Thyroid Surgery -- 12.2.1 RAT Patient Selection -- 12.2.2 RFT Patient Selection -- 12.3 Experience and Complications -- 12.3.1 RAT Outcomes -- 12.3.2 RFT Outcomes -- 12.4 Management of Complications -- References -- 13: Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Parathyroidectomy (MIVAP) -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Surgical Technique -- 13.3 Indications -- 13.4 Experience and Complications -- 13.5 Advantages and Disadvantages -- 13.6 Avoiding Complications -- 13.6.1 Postoperative Hematoma -- 13.6.2 Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury -- 13.6.3 Hypocalcemia and Hypoparathyroidism -- References -- 14: Endoscopic Parathyroidectomy -- 14.1 Techniques -- 14.1.1 Minimally Invasive Radioguided Approach (MIRP) -- 14.1.2 Open Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy (OMIP) -- 14.1.3 Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Parathyroidectomy (MIVAP) -- 14.1.4 Endoscopic Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy (EMIP) -- 14.1.5 Lateral Endoscopic Parathyroidectomy -- 14.1.6 Robotic Transaxillary Parathyroidectomy -- 14.2 Indications -- 14.3 Experience and Complications -- 14.4 Management of Complications -- Conclusions -- References -- 15: Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Neck Dissection -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.1.1 Video-Assisted Central Compartment Dissection (VA-CCD) -- 15.1.2 Video-Assisted Lateral Neck Dissection (VALNED) -- 15.2 Indications -- 15.3 Surgical Technique -- 15.4 Personal Experience and Complications -- References. 16: Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques: Critical Appraisal and Future Perspectives -- 16.1 Parathyroidectomy -- 16.2 Thyroidectomy -- References -- Part IV: Intraoperative Adjuncts -- 17: Superior Laryngeal Nerve Monitoring -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 EBSLN Surgical Anatomy -- 17.2.1 Classifications -- 17.2.2 The Sternothyroid-Laryngeal Triangle -- 17.2.3 EBSLN Anastomoses -- 17.3 Incidence of EBSLN Injury -- 17.4 Diagnosis and Treatment of the EBSLN Injury -- 17.5 EBSLN Monitoring Technique -- 17.5.1 Equipment and Setup -- 17.5.2 Definitions of EBSLN Monitoring -- 17.6 Technique A -- 17.6.1 IONM of the EBSLN: Stimulation-CTM Twitch [5] -- 17.7 Technique B -- 17.7.1 IONM of the EBSLN: Stimulation-Glottic EMG Signal [5] -- 17.7.2 Normative Data of the EBSLN Monitoring -- Conclusion -- References -- 18: Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Monitoring -- 18.1 Applications of IONM -- 18.2 Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring Standards -- 18.2.1 Introduction -- 18.2.2 Technique: IONM -- 18.2.3 The Equipment Setup -- 18.2.4 Anesthesia -- 18.2.5 Loss of Signal and Its Interpretation (Fig. 18.3) -- 18.2.6 Prognostic Testing Errors -- 18.3 Promising Advances in IONM -- 18.3.1 Continuous Vagal Monitoring and Neural Injury Prevention -- 18.3.2 Superior Laryngeal Nerve (SLN) Monitoring -- 18.3.3 Neural Monitoring and Staged Thyroidectomy in Thyroid Cancer Surgery: An Emerging Concept -- 18.3.4 Intraoperative Identification of Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve -- References -- 19: Hemostatic Devices -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 Harmonic Scalpel -- 19.3 LigaSure -- 19.4 BiClamp -- 19.5 Comparison Between Devices -- References -- 20: Topical Hemostatic Agents -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Indications -- 20.3 Topical Hemostatic Agents -- 20.3.1 Passive Hemostatics -- 20.3.1.1 Cellulose-Based Hemostatic Agents. 20.3.1.2 Gelatin-Based Hemostatic Agents.
9783319200651
Endoscopic surgery.
Electronic books.
RD33.53
616.44