Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease.
Coulston, Ann M.
Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease. - 4th ed. - 1 online resource (1075 pages)
Front Cover -- Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- About the Editors -- Preface -- I. Research Methodology -- A. Assessment Methods for Research and Practice -- 1 Dietary Assessment Methodology -- I Introduction -- II Dietary Assessment Methods -- A Dietary Records -- B 24-Hour Dietary Recall -- C Food Frequency -- D Brief Dietary Assessment Instruments -- 1 Brief Instruments Assessing Fruit and Vegetable Intake -- 2 Brief Instruments Assessing Fat Intake -- 3 Brief Multifactor Instruments -- 4 Limitations of Brief Instruments -- E Diet History -- F Blended Instruments/Combined Instruments -- III Dietary Assessment in Different Study Designs -- A Cross-Sectional Surveys -- 1 Surveillance/Monitoring -- B Case-Control (Retrospective) Studies -- C Cohort (Prospective) Studies -- D Intervention Studies -- IV Dietary Assessment in Special Populations -- A Respondents Unable to Self-Report -- B Minority Populations -- C Children -- D Elderly -- V Selected Issues in Dietary Assessment Methods -- A Cognitive Testing Research Related to Dietary Assessment -- B Validation Studies -- C Calibration and Regression Calibration -- D Mode of Administration -- E Estimation of Portion Size -- F Choice of Nutrient and Food Database -- G Choice of Dietary Analysis Software -- H Estimating Usual Intakes of Nutrients and Foods -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Assessment of Dietary Supplement Use -- I Introduction -- A Rationale -- B Purposes of Dietary Supplement Intake Assessment -- 1 Obtain Total Intakes of Nutrients -- 2 Assess Risk of Toxicities -- 3 Assess Supplement-Drug and Supplement-Nutrient Interactions -- 4 Clarify Associations Between Dietary Supplement Intake, Healthcare, and Health Status. 5 Assess Conformity with Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Recommendations and Guidelines -- C Dietary Supplements Available -- D Health Profiles of Dietary Supplement Users -- E Prevalence of Dietary Supplement Use -- F Patterns of Dietary Supplement Use Among the Ill -- G Motivations for Dietary Supplement Use -- II Methods for Assessing Dietary Supplement Intake -- A Dietary Supplement Intake (Exposure) -- B Assessing Supplement Intake in Clinical Settings -- 1 Inpatient Settings -- 2 Outpatient Settings -- C Estimating Dietary Supplement Intake -- D Assessment of Dietary Supplement Intake in Some Large-Scale National Surveys -- 1 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey -- 2 National Health Interview Survey -- 3 National Cancer Institute's Diet and Health Questionnaire: A Public-Use Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire -- 4 Other Instruments for Assessing Dietary Supplement Intake in Epidemiological Studies -- E Other Instruments Used for Assessing Dietary Supplement Intake in Clinical Research Studies -- III Dietary Supplement Composition Databases for Analysis of Dietary Supplement Intake -- A Dietary Supplement Label Databases -- 1 NHANES Survey Label Database -- 2 Dietary Supplement Label Database -- 3 Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database -- 4 Trade Associations: Council for Responsible Nutrition and the Natural Products Association Database -- 5 Other Label Databases -- B Dietary Supplement Databases With Verified Chemical Analyses -- 1 USDA Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database -- 2 Consumerlabs.com -- 3 NSF -- C Computerized Dietary Assessment Programs that Include Dietary Supplements -- 1 University of Minnesota Dietary Supplement Module -- 2 NCI's Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recall -- 3 Other Computerized Dietary Assessment Programs -- IV The Dietary Supplement Label. A Dietary Supplement Label: Ingredients -- 1 Differences Between Food and Dietary Supplement Labels -- 2 Supplement Facts Label -- 3 Ingredient List -- B Dietary Supplement Label: Claims -- V Authoritative Information and Resources About Dietary Supplements -- A Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health -- 1 NIH RePORTER -- 2 Other ODS Resources -- B Food and Drug Administration -- 1 Center for Food Science and Nutrition (for Health Claims) -- 2 CFSAN's Consumer Adverse Events Reporting System and MedWatch -- 3 FDA Constituent Update -- C National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health -- D National Cancer Institute -- E Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services -- F National Library of Medicine -- 1 PubMed and MEDLINE (Public Use) -- 2 MedlinePlus -- G USDA National Agricultural Library/Food and Nutrition Information Center -- H Department of Defense -- I Uniformed Services University -- J Canadian Government Resources -- K U.S. Pharmacopoeia -- L Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics -- 1 Position Papers and Other Materials -- 2 Evidence Analysis Library -- 3 Practice Groups -- M Books -- VI How to Report Problems with Dietary Supplement Intake -- A Food and Drug Administration -- B Federal Trade Commission -- C Poison Control Centers -- Conclusions -- References -- 3 Physical and Clinical Assessment of Nutritional Status -- I Introduction -- A Why Assess Body Size, Shape, and Composition for Health? -- B Why Are Standardized Protocols and Valid and Reliable Measures Needed? -- II Assessment of Body Size and Shape -- A Field Techniques-Anthropometry -- 1 Height -- 2 Body Mass (Weight) -- 3 Weight for Height (BMI) -- 4 Arm Span -- 5 Girths -- 6 Circumference Ratios (Waist:Hip) -- 7 Bone Breadths -- 8 Somatotype -- B Laboratory Techniques-3D Scanning. III Assessment of Body Composition -- A Field Techniques -- 1 Skinfolds -- B Laboratory Techniques -- 1 Multicomponent Models -- 2 Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry -- 3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- 4 Ultrasound -- IV Clinical Considerations in Assessment of Nutrition Status -- A Consent to Conduct Measurements -- B Understanding Growth Changes -- C Tracking Somatic Growth Through the Life Span -- D Body Fat Changes Through the Life Span -- E Skeletal Size, Shape, and Bone Mineral Density -- F Muscle Tissue Changes -- G Use of Growth Charts and Normative Data Sets -- H Exercise and Changes in Body Composition -- I Athletes and Body Composition -- V Conclusion -- References -- 4 Energy Requirement Methodology -- I Introduction -- II Components of Daily Energy Expenditure -- A Resting Energy Expenditure -- 1 Determinants of REE -- a Body Size -- b Body Composition -- c Gender -- d Age -- e Physical Fitness and Activity -- f Hormonal Status -- g Ethnicity and Genetics -- h Environmental Influences -- i Weight Loss and Weight Gain -- 2 Adjustment of REE for Differences in Body Size -- 3 Measuring REE: Indirect Calorimetry -- 4 Estimating REE: Prediction Equations -- a Harris-Benedict Equations -- b DRI Equations -- c Predicting REE in Disease and Physiological Conditions -- d Thermic Effect of Food -- e Energy Expended in Physical Activity -- 5 Determinants of EEPA -- 6 Measuring EEPA -- a Objective Measures of EEPA -- Doubly Labeled Water -- Activity Monitors -- Heart Rate Monitoring -- Metabolic Chambers -- b Physical Activity Questionnaires -- III Total Energy Expenditure -- A Measuring Total Energy Expenditure -- 1 Indirect Calorimetry -- 2 Doubly Labeled Water -- a DLW Details -- b Advantages and Disadvantages of the DLW Technique -- c Estimating Total Energy Expenditure -- d Total Energy Expenditure in Special Populations. e Use of DLW to Estimate Energy Intake -- IV Recommended Energy Intakes -- References -- 5 Metabolomics -- I Introduction -- A Brief History -- B Relevance to Nutrition -- II Specimens -- A Blood Serum and Plasma Samples -- B Urine Samples -- C Cell Samples -- D Tissue Samples -- E Plant and Food Samples -- F General Study Design -- G Sample Preparation -- III Metabolomics Analytical Tools -- A Mass Spectrometry -- B Liquid Chromatography Resolved Mass Spectrometry -- C Gas Chromatography Resolved Mass Spectrometry -- D Other MS-Based Techniques -- E NMR Spectroscopy -- F Global Versus Targeted Metabolic Profiling -- IV Data Analysis -- A Data Pretreatment -- B Univariate Analysis -- C Multivariate Statistical Analysis -- D Unsupervised Statistical Methods -- E Supervised Statistical Methods -- F Correlation and Other Associative Approaches -- G Major Challenge: Unknown Metabolite Identification -- H Mechanistic Studies-Flux Analysis -- V Applications to Food and Nutrition -- VI Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- B. Research and Applied Methods for Observational and Intervention Studies -- 6 Translational Research: Concepts and Methods in Dissemination and Implementation Research -- I Introduction -- II Key Concepts in Translational Research -- III Common Frameworks in D& -- I Research -- A Diffusion of Innovations -- B RE-AIM Framework -- C Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services -- D Practical, Robust Implementation, and Sustainability Model -- E Interactive Systems Framework -- F The Consolidated Framework for Dissemination Research -- IV Common Study Designs and Approaches in D& -- I Research -- V Measures in D& -- I -- VI Examples from the Literature -- VII Additional Resources -- A Leading D& -- I Centers and Agencies -- B Research Tools for Identifying and Reporting Diverse Trial Types. C Resources for Selecting D&.
9780128029473
Dietetics.
Electronic books.
RM216 .N887 2017
615.8/54
Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease. - 4th ed. - 1 online resource (1075 pages)
Front Cover -- Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- About the Editors -- Preface -- I. Research Methodology -- A. Assessment Methods for Research and Practice -- 1 Dietary Assessment Methodology -- I Introduction -- II Dietary Assessment Methods -- A Dietary Records -- B 24-Hour Dietary Recall -- C Food Frequency -- D Brief Dietary Assessment Instruments -- 1 Brief Instruments Assessing Fruit and Vegetable Intake -- 2 Brief Instruments Assessing Fat Intake -- 3 Brief Multifactor Instruments -- 4 Limitations of Brief Instruments -- E Diet History -- F Blended Instruments/Combined Instruments -- III Dietary Assessment in Different Study Designs -- A Cross-Sectional Surveys -- 1 Surveillance/Monitoring -- B Case-Control (Retrospective) Studies -- C Cohort (Prospective) Studies -- D Intervention Studies -- IV Dietary Assessment in Special Populations -- A Respondents Unable to Self-Report -- B Minority Populations -- C Children -- D Elderly -- V Selected Issues in Dietary Assessment Methods -- A Cognitive Testing Research Related to Dietary Assessment -- B Validation Studies -- C Calibration and Regression Calibration -- D Mode of Administration -- E Estimation of Portion Size -- F Choice of Nutrient and Food Database -- G Choice of Dietary Analysis Software -- H Estimating Usual Intakes of Nutrients and Foods -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Assessment of Dietary Supplement Use -- I Introduction -- A Rationale -- B Purposes of Dietary Supplement Intake Assessment -- 1 Obtain Total Intakes of Nutrients -- 2 Assess Risk of Toxicities -- 3 Assess Supplement-Drug and Supplement-Nutrient Interactions -- 4 Clarify Associations Between Dietary Supplement Intake, Healthcare, and Health Status. 5 Assess Conformity with Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Recommendations and Guidelines -- C Dietary Supplements Available -- D Health Profiles of Dietary Supplement Users -- E Prevalence of Dietary Supplement Use -- F Patterns of Dietary Supplement Use Among the Ill -- G Motivations for Dietary Supplement Use -- II Methods for Assessing Dietary Supplement Intake -- A Dietary Supplement Intake (Exposure) -- B Assessing Supplement Intake in Clinical Settings -- 1 Inpatient Settings -- 2 Outpatient Settings -- C Estimating Dietary Supplement Intake -- D Assessment of Dietary Supplement Intake in Some Large-Scale National Surveys -- 1 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey -- 2 National Health Interview Survey -- 3 National Cancer Institute's Diet and Health Questionnaire: A Public-Use Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire -- 4 Other Instruments for Assessing Dietary Supplement Intake in Epidemiological Studies -- E Other Instruments Used for Assessing Dietary Supplement Intake in Clinical Research Studies -- III Dietary Supplement Composition Databases for Analysis of Dietary Supplement Intake -- A Dietary Supplement Label Databases -- 1 NHANES Survey Label Database -- 2 Dietary Supplement Label Database -- 3 Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database -- 4 Trade Associations: Council for Responsible Nutrition and the Natural Products Association Database -- 5 Other Label Databases -- B Dietary Supplement Databases With Verified Chemical Analyses -- 1 USDA Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database -- 2 Consumerlabs.com -- 3 NSF -- C Computerized Dietary Assessment Programs that Include Dietary Supplements -- 1 University of Minnesota Dietary Supplement Module -- 2 NCI's Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recall -- 3 Other Computerized Dietary Assessment Programs -- IV The Dietary Supplement Label. A Dietary Supplement Label: Ingredients -- 1 Differences Between Food and Dietary Supplement Labels -- 2 Supplement Facts Label -- 3 Ingredient List -- B Dietary Supplement Label: Claims -- V Authoritative Information and Resources About Dietary Supplements -- A Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health -- 1 NIH RePORTER -- 2 Other ODS Resources -- B Food and Drug Administration -- 1 Center for Food Science and Nutrition (for Health Claims) -- 2 CFSAN's Consumer Adverse Events Reporting System and MedWatch -- 3 FDA Constituent Update -- C National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health -- D National Cancer Institute -- E Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services -- F National Library of Medicine -- 1 PubMed and MEDLINE (Public Use) -- 2 MedlinePlus -- G USDA National Agricultural Library/Food and Nutrition Information Center -- H Department of Defense -- I Uniformed Services University -- J Canadian Government Resources -- K U.S. Pharmacopoeia -- L Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics -- 1 Position Papers and Other Materials -- 2 Evidence Analysis Library -- 3 Practice Groups -- M Books -- VI How to Report Problems with Dietary Supplement Intake -- A Food and Drug Administration -- B Federal Trade Commission -- C Poison Control Centers -- Conclusions -- References -- 3 Physical and Clinical Assessment of Nutritional Status -- I Introduction -- A Why Assess Body Size, Shape, and Composition for Health? -- B Why Are Standardized Protocols and Valid and Reliable Measures Needed? -- II Assessment of Body Size and Shape -- A Field Techniques-Anthropometry -- 1 Height -- 2 Body Mass (Weight) -- 3 Weight for Height (BMI) -- 4 Arm Span -- 5 Girths -- 6 Circumference Ratios (Waist:Hip) -- 7 Bone Breadths -- 8 Somatotype -- B Laboratory Techniques-3D Scanning. III Assessment of Body Composition -- A Field Techniques -- 1 Skinfolds -- B Laboratory Techniques -- 1 Multicomponent Models -- 2 Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry -- 3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- 4 Ultrasound -- IV Clinical Considerations in Assessment of Nutrition Status -- A Consent to Conduct Measurements -- B Understanding Growth Changes -- C Tracking Somatic Growth Through the Life Span -- D Body Fat Changes Through the Life Span -- E Skeletal Size, Shape, and Bone Mineral Density -- F Muscle Tissue Changes -- G Use of Growth Charts and Normative Data Sets -- H Exercise and Changes in Body Composition -- I Athletes and Body Composition -- V Conclusion -- References -- 4 Energy Requirement Methodology -- I Introduction -- II Components of Daily Energy Expenditure -- A Resting Energy Expenditure -- 1 Determinants of REE -- a Body Size -- b Body Composition -- c Gender -- d Age -- e Physical Fitness and Activity -- f Hormonal Status -- g Ethnicity and Genetics -- h Environmental Influences -- i Weight Loss and Weight Gain -- 2 Adjustment of REE for Differences in Body Size -- 3 Measuring REE: Indirect Calorimetry -- 4 Estimating REE: Prediction Equations -- a Harris-Benedict Equations -- b DRI Equations -- c Predicting REE in Disease and Physiological Conditions -- d Thermic Effect of Food -- e Energy Expended in Physical Activity -- 5 Determinants of EEPA -- 6 Measuring EEPA -- a Objective Measures of EEPA -- Doubly Labeled Water -- Activity Monitors -- Heart Rate Monitoring -- Metabolic Chambers -- b Physical Activity Questionnaires -- III Total Energy Expenditure -- A Measuring Total Energy Expenditure -- 1 Indirect Calorimetry -- 2 Doubly Labeled Water -- a DLW Details -- b Advantages and Disadvantages of the DLW Technique -- c Estimating Total Energy Expenditure -- d Total Energy Expenditure in Special Populations. e Use of DLW to Estimate Energy Intake -- IV Recommended Energy Intakes -- References -- 5 Metabolomics -- I Introduction -- A Brief History -- B Relevance to Nutrition -- II Specimens -- A Blood Serum and Plasma Samples -- B Urine Samples -- C Cell Samples -- D Tissue Samples -- E Plant and Food Samples -- F General Study Design -- G Sample Preparation -- III Metabolomics Analytical Tools -- A Mass Spectrometry -- B Liquid Chromatography Resolved Mass Spectrometry -- C Gas Chromatography Resolved Mass Spectrometry -- D Other MS-Based Techniques -- E NMR Spectroscopy -- F Global Versus Targeted Metabolic Profiling -- IV Data Analysis -- A Data Pretreatment -- B Univariate Analysis -- C Multivariate Statistical Analysis -- D Unsupervised Statistical Methods -- E Supervised Statistical Methods -- F Correlation and Other Associative Approaches -- G Major Challenge: Unknown Metabolite Identification -- H Mechanistic Studies-Flux Analysis -- V Applications to Food and Nutrition -- VI Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- B. Research and Applied Methods for Observational and Intervention Studies -- 6 Translational Research: Concepts and Methods in Dissemination and Implementation Research -- I Introduction -- II Key Concepts in Translational Research -- III Common Frameworks in D& -- I Research -- A Diffusion of Innovations -- B RE-AIM Framework -- C Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services -- D Practical, Robust Implementation, and Sustainability Model -- E Interactive Systems Framework -- F The Consolidated Framework for Dissemination Research -- IV Common Study Designs and Approaches in D& -- I Research -- V Measures in D& -- I -- VI Examples from the Literature -- VII Additional Resources -- A Leading D& -- I Centers and Agencies -- B Research Tools for Identifying and Reporting Diverse Trial Types. C Resources for Selecting D&.
9780128029473
Dietetics.
Electronic books.
RM216 .N887 2017
615.8/54