Nanotechnology in Industrial Wastewater Treatment.

Cover -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- About the Authors -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Background and Motivation -- 1.2 Objective of this Book -- 1.3 Scope of this book -- 1.4 Organization of this book -- Chapter 2: Introduction to nanotechnology -- 2.1 What is Nanometer Scale? -- 2.2 What is a Nanomaterial? -- 2.3 Definition of Nanoscience and nanotechnology -- 2.4 History of Nanotechnology -- 2.5 Classification of Nanostructured Materials -- 2.5.1 Carbon based materials -- 2.5.2 Metal based materials -- 2.5.3 Dendrimers -- 2.5.4 Composites -- 2.6 Unique Properties of Nanomaterials -- Chapter 3: Heavy metals and their presence in wastewater -- 3.1 Heavy Metal Pollution in the Aquatic Environment -- 3.2 Sources of Heavymetals -- 3.3 Toxicology of Common Heavy Metals -- 3.3.1 Cadmium(Cd) -- 3.3.2 Copper (Cu) -- 3.3.3 Lead (Pb) -- 3.3.4 Nickel (Ni) -- 3.3.5 Iron (Fe) -- 3.3.6 Cobalt (Co) -- 3.3.7 Zinc (Zn) -- 3.3.8 Arsenic (As) -- 3.3.9 Mercury (Hg) -- 3.3.10 Chromium(Cr) -- Chapter 4: Treatment techniques of heavy metals in wastewater -- 4.1 Conventional Treatment of Metal-Laden Wastewater -- 4.1.1 Chemical precipitation -- 4.1.2 Ion exchange -- 4.1.3 Coagulation/flocculation -- 4.1.4 Membrane filtration -- 4.1.5 Cementation -- 4.1.6 Flotation -- 4.1.7 Electrochemical treatment -- 4.1.8 Adsorption -- 4.2 Development of Nanotechnology in Water and Wastewater Treatment -- 4.2.1 Recent application of nanotechnology in water and wastewater treatment -- 4.2.2 Adsorption -- 4.2.3 Photocatalysis in wastewater treatment -- 4.2.4 Nanomembrane in wastewater treatment -- 4.2.5 Antimicrobial activity -- Chapter 5: Synthesis techniques of nanomaterials -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Chemical Synthesis Method of Nanomaterials -- 5.2.1 Chemical precipitation technique -- 5.2.2 Physical synthesis method of Nanomaterials.

Chapter 6: Experimental techniques -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Technique for Characterization of Nanomaterials -- 6.2.1 X-ray diffraction -- 6.2.2 Field emission scanning electron microscopy -- 6.2.3 Energy dispersive X-ray -- 6.2.4 Transmission electron microscopy -- 6.2.5 Surface area analysis -- 6.2.6 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy -- 6.2.7 Magnetization measurement -- 6.2.8 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy -- 6.2.9 Zeta potential -- 6.2.10 Atomic absorption spectrometry -- Chapter 6.1: Case Study: Synthesis of Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles -- 6.3 Introduction -- 6.4 Experimental Details -- 6.4.1 Synthesis of Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles -- 6.4.2 Characterizations of Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles -- 6.5 Results and Discussion -- 6.5.1 X-ray diffraction of Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles -- 6.5.2 Microstructure of Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles -- 6.5.3 FTIR studies of Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles -- Chapter 6.2: Case Study: Synthesis of CaO nanoparticles -- 6.6 Introduction -- 6.7 Experimental Details -- 6.7.1 Synthesis of CaO nanoparticles -- 6.7.2 Characterizations -- 6.8 Results and Discussion -- 6.8.1 X-ray diffraction studies -- 6.8.2 Microstructure studies -- 6.8.3 Infrared spectroscopy studies -- Chapter 6.3: Case Study: Synthesis of CaS nanoparticles -- 6.9 Introduction -- 6.10 Experimental Details -- 6.10.1 Synthesis of CaS nanoparticles -- 6.10.2 Characterizations -- 6.11 Results and Discussion -- 6.11.1 X-ray diffraction studies CaS nanoparticles -- 6.11.2 Microstructure of synthesized particles -- 6.11.3 Optical properties of synthesized particles -- 6.11.4 Mechanism of synthesis of CaS nanoparticles -- Chapter 6.4: Case Study: Synthesis of γ-Fe3O2 nanotubes -- 6.12 Introduction -- 6.13 Experimental Details -- 6.13.1 Synthesis of γ -Fe3O2 nanotubes -- 6.13.2 Characterization -- 6.14 Results and Discussion -- 6.14.1 XRD analysis and XPS analysis.

6.14.2 Microstructure studies -- 6.14.3 Magnetic studies -- 6.14.4 Adsorption-desorption isotherms and pore size distribution -- 6.14.5 Mechanism of synthesis of γ-Fe2O3 nanotubes -- Chapter 7: Performance of nanomaterials in heavy metals removal -- 7.1 Performance of Ca(OH)2, CaO, and CaS Nanoparticles in Heavy Metals Removal -- 7.1.1 Introduction -- 7.1.2 Experimental details -- 7.1.3 Results and discussion -- 7.2 Performance of γ -Fe2O3 Nanotubes in Heavy Metals Removal -- 7.2.1 Introduction -- 7.2.2 Experimental details -- 7.2.3 Results and discussion -- Chapter 8: Continuous treatment of heavy metals by nanomaterials -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Experimental Details -- 8.2.1 Materials -- 8.2.2 Bench scale system set-up for the multistage treatment system -- 8.2.3 Operation of the multistage treatment unit -- 8.2.4 Analytical method -- 8.2.5 Calculations -- 8.3 Results and Discussion -- 8.3.1 Performance of plug flow reactor (c) -- 8.3.2 Performance of stirred tank reactor (f) -- 8.3.3 Performance of stirred tank reactor (i) and Magnetic filtration unit (j) -- 8.3.4 Performance of multistage bench scale continuous reactor -- 8.3.5 Economic feasibility study of multistage bench scale reactor -- Appendices -- Appendix A: Dose dependent study for commercial lime -- A.1 Dose dependent study -- Appendix B: Continuous multistage bench-scale treatment of heavy metals from wastewater -- B.1 Image of reactor (c) -- B.2 Image of reactor (f) -- B.3 Image of reactor (i) -- References -- Index.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.