Dietary Supplements.

Intro -- DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: PRIMER AND FDA OVERSIGHT -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- AGING &amp -- DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS -- DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS -- What Is a Dietary Supplement? -- Should I Take a Dietary Supplement? -- What If I'm Over 50? -- Different Vitamin and Mineral Recommendations for People Over 50 -- What Are Antioxidants? -- What about Herbal Supplements? -- Are Dietary Supplements Safe? -- What's Best for Me? -- What Can I Do to Stay Healthy? -- For More Information -- DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: FDA SHOULD TAKE FURTHER ACTIONS TO IMPROVE OVERSIGHT AND CONSUMER UNDERSTANDING -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO RECOMMENDS -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- RESULTS IN BRIEF -- BACKGROUND -- FDA HAS MADE CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO THE NEW SERIOUS ADVERSE EVENT REPORTING REQUIREMENTS AND HAS RECEIVED AN INCREASED NUMBER OF REPORTS -- FDA Has Taken Several Actions in Response to the New Serious Adverse Event Reporting Requirements -- FDA Has Received an Increased Number of Adverse Event Reports Since Mandatory Reporting Went into Effect -- ALTHOUGH FDA HAS TAKEN SOME STEPS TO IDENTIFY AND ACT ON CONCERNS ABOUT THE SAFETY OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS, SEVERAL FACTORS LIMIT ITS OVERSIGHT -- FDA Has Taken Some Actions to Identify and Act on Concerns about the Safety of Dietary Supplements -- Several Factors Limit FDA's Ability to Identify and Act on Safety Concerns Related to Dietary Supplements -- FDA's Ability to Identify Safety Concerns Is Hindered by a Lack of Information -- FDA Dedicates Relatively Few Resources to Dietary Supplement Oversight -- FDA's Lack of Authority Limits Its Ability to Remove Products from the Market -- WHILE FDA HAS TAKEN SOME ACTIONS WHEN FOODS CONTAIN UNSAFE DIETARY INGREDIENTS, CERTAIN FACTORS MAY ALLOW UNSAFE PRODUCTS TOREACH CONSUMERS.

Companies Are Not Required to Notify FDA When They Make a Self-Determination That an Added Ingredient Is GRAS -- The Boundary between Dietary Supplements and Foods with Added Dietary Ingredients Is Not Always Clear -- FDA Conducts Limited Monitoring of Foods with Added Dietary Ingredients -- FDA HAS TAKEN LIMITED STEPS TO EDUCATE CONSUMERS ABOUT DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS, AND CONSUMERS REMAIN LARGELY UNINFORMED -- FDA Has Conducted Some Consumer Education about Dietary Supplements, but These Efforts Have Been Limited -- Consumers Are Not Well-Informed about the Safety, Efficacy, and Labeling of Dietary Supplements -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EXECUTIVE ACTION -- AGENCY COMMENTS AND OUR EVALUATION -- APPENDIX I: OBJECTIVES, SCOPE, AND METHODOLOGY -- APPENDIX II: DATA ON FDA'S ACTIONS TO IDENTIFY AND RESPOND TO SAFETY CONCERNS RELATED TO DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS -- Data on FDA's Actions to Identify Safety Concerns Related to Dietary Supplements -- Data on Adverse Events Related to Dietary Supplements -- Data on Consumer Complaints Related to Dietary Supplements -- Data on Inspections Related to Dietary Supplements -- Data on FDA's Actions to Respond to Safety Concerns Related to Dietary Supplements -- Data on Dietary Supplement-Related Warning Letters -- Data on Recalls Related to Dietary Supplements -- Data on Imports Related to Dietary Supplements -- Data on FDA Enforcement Actions Related to Dietary Supplements -- APPENDIX III: COMPARISON OF SELECT FOREIGN COUNTRIES' REGULATION OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS WITH THE UNITED STATES -- PPENDIX IV: COMMENTS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES -- APPENDIX V: GAO CONTACT AND STAFF ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- GAO Contact -- Staff Acknowledgments -- GAO'S MISSION -- OBTAINING COPIES OF GAO REPORTS AND TESTIMONY -- Order by Phone -- TO REPORT FRAUD, WASTE, AND ABUSE INFEDERAL PROGRAMS -- CONGRESSIONAL RELATIONS.

PUBLIC AFFAIRS -- End Notes -- FDA 101: DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS -- Talk with a Health Care Professional -- How Are Supplements Regulated? -- Are Supplements Safe? -- Be a Safe and Informed Consumer -- Report Problems -- For More Information -- FINAL RULE PROMOTES SAFE USE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS -- ENSURING QUALITY -- HOW FDA REGULATES SUPPLEMENTS -- ADVICE FOR CONSUMERS -- FORTIFY YOUR KNOWLEDGEABOUT VITAMINS -- WHY BUY VITAMINS? -- VITAMIN FACTS -- DEVELOP A VITAMIN STRATEGY -- SPECIAL NUTRIENT NEEDS -- Practice Safety with Dietary Supplements -- HOW VITAMINS ARE REGULATED -- RISKS OF OVERDOING IT -- FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS -- WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS -- REPORT PROBLEMS -- FOR MORE INFORMATION -- USING DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS WISELY -- KEY POINTS -- ABOUT DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS -- DIETARY SUPPLEMENT USE IN THE UNITED STATES -- FEDERAL REGULATION OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS -- SOURCES OF SCIENCE-BASED INFORMATION -- SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS -- DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS RESEARCH AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH -- SELECTED REFERENCES -- FOR MORE INFORMATION -- NCCAM Clearinghouse -- Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) -- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) -- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) -- MedWatch -- Federal Trade Commission (FTC) -- PubMed® -- National Library of Medicine's MedlinePlus and Dietary Supplements Labels Database -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- CHAPTER SOURCES -- INDEX.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.