Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Intro -- IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME -- IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter I Pathway for the Development of Drugs to Treat Irritable Bowel Syndrome: From Molecule Identification through Approval -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Molecule Identification and Preclinical Evalutions -- Pharmacodynamic Studies (Phase 1b) -- Phase 2 (2a and 2b) -- Phase 3 Program -- Selection of Clinical Trial Endpoints -- Health Economics -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter II The New Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Changing Trends and Causes -- Abstract -- Incidence of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Changing Trends -- North America and Western Europe -- Eastern Europe -- Asia, Middle-East, Australia and Central-South America -- Middle-East -- What are the Factors Behind the Epidemiology Trends? -- References -- Chapter III Neuroendocrine and Immune Interactions in Irritable Bowel Syndrome -- Introduction -- The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis -- Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Dysfunction in IBS -- Immune Activation in IBS -- Immune Activation and Serotonin -- The Potential Impact of Childhood Trauma on Neuroendocrine and Immune Functioning in IBS -- References -- Chapter IV Impact of Oxidative Stress on Diabetes Mellitus and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases -- Abstract -- 2. Introduction -- 2.1 ROS under Physiological Conditions -- 2.2 ROS under Pathological Conditions -- 2.3 Antioxidant Defence of Human Organism -- 2.4 Some Remarks to Antioxidant Enzymes and Substances from the Recent Literature -- 2.5 Non-enzymatic Substances of Endogenous or Exogenous Origin -- Thioredoxin (Trx) -- Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) -- Vitamin C -- Vitamin E -- Phytochemicals -- 2.6 Catalytic Antioxidants - New Therapeutic Possibilities -- 3. DNA Oxidative Damage and DNA Repair -- Nuclear DNA Damage and Repair.

MItochondrial DNA Damage and Repair -- 3.3 Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase -- 3.4 Diseases Related with Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage -- 4. Oxidative Stress and Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases -- 4.1 Diabetes Mellitus -- 4.1.1 ROS and Diabetes -- ROS, DNA Damage and DM -- ROS, DNA Repair and DM -- Some Contributions to Antioxidant Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus -- 4.2 Crohn´s Disease -- ROS and IBD -- ROS, DNA Damage, DNA Repair and IBD -- 5. Our Study Examining Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage and DNA Repair in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Crohn Disease -- 5.1 Hypothesis -- 5.2 Study Material -- 5.3 Methods -- 5.4 Results -- 5.4.2 Comparison of T1DM Patients versus Healthy Population -- The findings of lower GPx and AOC and high MDA both in adults and children with T1DM correspond with the results of other authors [130, 175, 176]. Results of patients with T2DM showed stimulation of antioxidant enzymes and low GSH. Low MDA could be explain5.4.1 Study of Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage and DNA Repair Capacity of Lymphocytes in Healthy Adults and Healthy Children -- 5.4.3 Comparison of T1DM Adult Group versus T1DM Children -- 5.4.4 Comparison of T1DM Adults Divided into 2 Subgroups Based on the Abscence or Presence of Diabetic Microvascular Complications with T1DM Children (Published by Varvarovska, Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 2004, Citation 136) -- 5.4.5 Study of CD Patients (Adults and Children) versus Healthy Adult Population -- 5.4.6 Comparison of Adult CD Patients with CD Children -- 5.4.7 Comparison of Adult Diabetic Patients and Patients with Crohn's Disease -- 5.4.8 Children with T1DM and CD Compared with Healthy Children -- 5.4.10 Comparison of all Groups of Patients versus Healthy Adults -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References.

Chapter V Adverse Effects of Corticosteroid Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Mechanisms of Actions of Corticosteroids -- Corticosteroid Formulations Used in Inflammatory Bowel Disease -- Adverse Effects of Corticosteroid Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Corticosteroid Toxicity) -- Metabolic and Endocrine -- Hyperglycemia, Diabetes Mellitus -- Hypertension -- Hyperlipidemia -- Alteration of Fat Distribution (Cushingoid Appearance, Buffalo Hump, Central Obesity, Weight Gain) -- Fluid Retention and Electrolyte Imbalance -- Fluid and Sodium Retention -- Hypokalemia -- Hypocalcemia -- Gynecological/ Sex Hormones -- Adrenal Suppression -- Ocular -- Cataract -- Glaucoma -- Gastrointestinal Complications -- Peptic Ulcer -- Pancreatitis -- Hepatic Steatosis -- Cutaneous -- Psychiatric Side Effects -- Neurologic Side Effects -- Musculoskeletal -- Osteopenia and Osteoporosis -- Osteonecrosis -- Myopathy -- Hematopoietic and Immulologic -- Infections -- Growth Retardation -- Pregnancy and Lactation -- Mortality by Corticosteroids in IBD Patients -- Quality of Life in Corticosteroid-Treated Patients -- How to Reduce or Avoid Corticosteroid-Related Adverse Events -- Conclusion -- Conflicts of Interest -- References -- Short Communication A Is Colonic Hypersensitivity Really a Biological Marker of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)? -A Role of Visceral Sensitivity on Pathophysiology of IBS. -- Introduction -- Possible Mechanism of Visceral Hypersensitivity in IBS -- Relationships between Visceral Hypersensitivity and Clinical IBS Symptoms -- Future directions -- References -- Short Communication B Spasmolytics in Irritable Bowel Syndrome a Meta-Analysis of their Controlled Clinical Trials -- Abstract -- Acknowledgments -- References.

Short Communication C Interviewer-Assisted Questionnaire Administration: An Innovation to Circumvent the Validation of the Rome Criteria in Resource-Limited Multicultural Settings -- Abstract -- Background -- Methods -- Results -- Conclusion -- References -- Index.

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