Handbook of Acquired Communication Disorders in Childhood.

Intro -- 1 Introduction to Acquired Speech and Language Disorders in Childhood Introduction Speech and language disorders occurring in childhood can be divided into acquired disorders and developmental disorders. Acquired speech-language disorders are disturbances in speech-language function that result from some form of cerebral insult after language acquisition has already commenced (Hécaen, 1976). The cerebral insult, in turn, can result from a variety of etiologies, including head trauma, brain tumor -- 2 Acquired Childhood Aphasia Historical Perspective As outlined in Chapter 1, acquired childhood aphasia is a language disorder resulting from a cerebral lesion sustained in childhood subsequent to onset of language acquisition. Until the late 1970s, our understanding of the clinical features of this condition was dominated by a historic view that had evolved since the first description of acquired childhood aphasia in the mid-19th century (Cotard, 1868). According to the historic view, the symp -- 3 Acquired Childhood Aphasia Subsequent to Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been defined as "an insult to the brain, not of the degenerative or congenital nature, but caused by an external force, that may produce a diminished or altered state of consciousness" (National Head Injury Foundation, 1985). According to this definition, TBI occurs only in cases where the brain damage is caused by an external force and thereby excludes brain insult resulting -- 4 Language Disorders Subsequent to Treatment for Childhood Cancer Introduction New developments in the treatment of pediatric cancer have resulted in marked improvements in the 5-year survival rates of children treated for neoplastic conditions over recent decades. Although almost always rapidly fatal five decades ago (Southam, Craver, Dargeon, &amp.

Burchenal, 1951 -- Tivey, 1952), the 5-year survival rate of children treated for pediatric leukemia in the 1990s had risen to 72.8% (Boring, Squires, &amp -- -- 5 Language Disorders Associated with Childhood Metabolic Disorders Introduction Abnormal body metabolism can cause disturbances in brain development and function leading to a range of characteristic neurologic disorders. Systemic metabolic disorders for instance, such as inborn errors of metabolism, can lead to the accumulation of metabolites in the bloodstream and body tissues which may cause structural changes in the brain leading to a decline in intellectual function and, in some cases, speec -- 6 Language Disorders in Childhood Infectious Diseases Introduction Many different pathogens may invade the developing central nervous system (CNS) and are usually associated with high morbidity and mortality. Most varieties of intracranial infection have a diffuse effect and hence produce rather widespread neurologic symptomatology and any associated language disorder is nonspecific (i.e., does not fit into any of the historic aphasia syndromes) in nature and, therefore, liable to be lost among -- 7 Language Outcomes Following Acute Cerebral Anoxia in Childhood Introduction A continuous and adequate supply of oxygen to the brain is essential for the maintenance of normal brain function. According to Bell and Lastimosa (1980), although the brain constitutes only about 2% of the total body weight of the adult, it accounts for approximately 20% of the oxygen consumption of the entire body. In the nursing infant and in children up to 4 years of age, the proportion of the total body oxygen con.

8 Language Impairments in Neural Tube Disorders Introduction During the early weeks of pregnancy, the central nervous system (CNS), including both the brain and spinal cord, develops from a hollow cylinder of cells called the neural tube. Congenital malformations of the nervous system that arise from defective formation of the neural tube in the embryo are referred to as neural tube disorders. In that failure of the neural tube to form properly also causes disruption of supportive tissues such a -- 9 Language Dysfunction Associated with Childhood Convulsive Disorder (Landau-Kleffner Syndrome) Introduction Landau-Kleffner syndrome is a rare epileptic condition marked by an acquired aphasia in children who have previously had normal language and motor development. First described by Landau and Kleffner (1957), in this condition the child's language deteriorates in association with epileptiform discharges seen in their electroencephalogram (EEG). Although clinical seizures do not occur in all -- 10 Assessment and Treatment of Acquired Childhood Language Disorders Introduction Little research has been published regarding the efficacy and utility of various approaches to the assessment and treatment of language disorders in children with acquired brain injury. Consequently, the literature provides little advice and support to clinicians in their selection and application of appropriate assessment and treatment techniques for use with children with brain injuries under their care. To a lar.

11Acquired Dysarthria and Apraxia of Speech in Childhood Introduction As outlined in Chapter 1, dysarthria and apraxia of speech are both motor speech disorders involving disruption of the processes that occur within the nervous system responsible for the motor control of speech. According to Darley, Aronson, and Brown (1975), the term "dysarthria" is "a collective name for a group of related speech disorders that are due to disturbance in muscular control of the speech mechanism resulting from -- 12Dysarthria Subsequent to Traumatic Brain Injury in Childhood Introduction Dysarthria, a motor speech disorder resulting from neuromuscular impairments, is a commonly reported sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children (Bak, van Dongen, &amp -- Arts, 1983 -- Cahill, Murdoch, &amp -- Theodoros, 2002 -- Costeff, Groswasser, &amp -- Goldstein, 1990). Rate, strength, and coordination of the muscles subserving speech may be impaired to different degrees, affecting articulation, prosody, resonance, respiration, -- 13Dysarthria Following Treatment for Childhood Brain Tumors Introduction Brain tumors are a recognized cause of acquired speech disorder in childhood (Ammirati, Mirzai, &amp -- Samii, 1989 -- Brown, 1985 -- Cornwell, Murdoch, &amp -- Ward, 2005 -- Cornwell, Murdoch, Ward, &amp -- Kellie, 2003a -- Hudson, 1990 -- Hudson, Murdoch, &amp -- Ozanne, 1989 -- Murdoch &amp -- Hudson-Tennent, 1994 -- Rekate, Grubb, Aram, Hahn, &amp -- Ratcheson, 1985 -- Volcan, Cole, &amp -- Johnston, 1986). The nature and distribution of brain tumors differ, however, in childr.

14 Assessment and Treatment of Acquired Motor Speech Disorders in Childhood Introduction Specific descriptions of the nature, course, and prognosis of pediatric motor speech disorders are few in number. Consequently, reports in the literature have little to offer the clinician in either the diagnosis or treatment of acquired motor speech disorders in children. Most of the assessment and treatment strategies for dysarthria and acquired apraxia of speech have therefore been developed by researcher.

Provides comprehensive coverage of acquired motor speech and language disorders occurring in children in terms of their neuropathological basis, neurology, clinical symptomatology, prognosis, assessment, and treatment.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.