Polysaccharide-Based Nanocrystals : Chemistry and Applications.

Intro -- Polysaccharide-Based Nanocrystals -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Polysaccharide Nanocrystals: Current Status and Prospects in Material Science -- 1.1 Introduction to Polysaccharide Nanocrystals -- 1.2 Current Application of Polysaccharide Nanocrystals in Material Science -- 1.3 Prospects for Polysaccharide Nanocrystal-Based Materials -- List of Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 2 Structure and Properties of Polysaccharide Nanocrystals -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Cellulose Nanocrystals -- 2.2.1 Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystals -- 2.2.1.1 Acid Hydrolysis Extraction of Cellulose Nanocrystals -- 2.2.1.2 Effects of Acid Type -- 2.2.1.3 Effects of Pretreatment -- 2.2.2 Structure and Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals -- 2.2.2.1 Structure and Rigidity of Cellulose Nanocrystals -- 2.2.2.2 Physical Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals -- 2.3 Chitin Nanocrystals -- 2.3.1 Preparation of Chitin Nanocrystals -- 2.3.1.1 Extraction of Chitin Nanocrystals by Acid Hydrolysis -- 2.3.1.2 Extraction of Chitin Nanocrystals by TEMPO Oxidation -- 2.3.2 Structure and Properties of Chitin Nanocrystals -- 2.3.2.1 Structure and Rigidity of Chitin Nanocrystals -- 2.3.2.2 Properties of Chitin Nanocrystal Suspensions -- 2.4 Starch Nanocrystals -- 2.4.1 Preparation of Starch Nanocrystals -- 2.4.1.1 Extraction of Starch Nanocrystals by Acid Hydrolysis -- 2.4.1.2 Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment -- 2.4.1.3 Effect of Pretreatment -- 2.4.2 Structure and Properties of Starch Nanocrystals -- 2.4.2.1 Structure of Starch Nanocrystals -- 2.4.2.2 Properties of Starch Nanocrystal Suspensions -- 2.5 Conclusion and Prospects -- List of Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 3 Surface Modification of Polysaccharide Nanocrystals -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Surface Chemistry of Polysaccharide Nanocrystals.

3.2.1 Surface Hydroxyl Groups -- 3.2.2 Surface Groups Originating from Various Extraction Methods -- 3.3 Approaches and Strategies for Surface Modification -- 3.3.1 Purpose and Challenge of Surface Modification -- 3.3.2 Comparison of Different Approaches and Strategies of Surface Modification -- 3.4 Adsorption of Surfactant -- 3.4.1 Anionic Surfactant -- 3.4.2 Cationic Surfactant -- 3.4.3 Nonionic Surfactant -- 3.5 Hydrophobic Groups Resulting from Chemical Derivatization -- 3.5.1 Acetyl and Ester Groups with Acetylation and Esterification -- 3.5.2 Carboxyl Groups Resulting from TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation -- 3.5.3 Derivatization with Isocyanate Carboamination -- 3.5.4 Silyl Groups Resulting from Silylation -- 3.5.5 Cationic Groups Resulting from Cationization -- 3.6 Polymeric Chains from Physical Absorption or Chemical Grafting -- 3.6.1 Hydrophilic Polymer -- 3.6.2 Polyester -- 3.6.3 Polyolefin -- 3.6.4 Block Copolymer -- 3.6.5 Polyurethane and Waterborne Polyurethane -- 3.6.6 Other Hydrophobic Polymer -- 3.7 Advanced Functional Groups and Modification -- 3.7.1 Fluorescent and Dye Molecules -- 3.7.2 Amino Acid and DNA -- 3.7.3 Self-Cross-linking of Polysaccharide Nanocrystals -- 3.7.4 Photobactericidal Porphyrin Molecule -- 3.7.5 Imidazolium Molecule -- 3.7.6 Cyclodextrin Molecule and Pluronic Polymer -- 3.8 Concluding Remarks -- List of Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 4 Preparation of Polysaccharide Nanocrystal-Based Nanocomposites -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Casting/Evaporation Processing -- 4.2.1 Solution Casting/Evaporation Processing -- 4.2.2 Solution Casting in Aqueous Medium -- 4.2.2.1 Dispersion Stability of Polysaccharide Nanocrystals in Aqueous Medium -- 4.2.2.2 Blending with Hydrophilic Polymers -- 4.2.2.3 Blending with Hydrophobic Polymers -- 4.2.3 Solution Casting in Organic Medium.

4.2.3.1 Dispersion Stability of Polysaccharide Nanocrystals in Organic Medium -- 4.2.3.2 Blending with Polymers in Organic Solvent -- 4.3 Thermoprocessing Methods -- 4.3.1 Thermoplastic Materials Modified with Polysaccharide Nanocrystals -- 4.3.2 Influence of Surface Modification of Polysaccharide Nanocrystals on Nanocomposite Thermoprocessing -- 4.4 Preparation of Nanofibers by Electrospinning Technology -- 4.4.1 Electrospinning Technology -- 4.4.1.1 Concepts -- 4.4.1.2 Formation Process of Nanofibers -- 4.4.1.3 Basic Electrospinning Parameters and Devices -- 4.4.1.4 Newly Emerging Electrospinning Techniques -- 4.4.2 Nanocomposite Nanofibers Filled with Polysaccharide Nanocrystals -- 4.4.2.1 Electrospun Nanofibers in Aqueous Medium -- 4.4.2.2 Electrospun Nanofibers in Non-aqueous Medium -- 4.5 Sol-Gel Method -- 4.5.1 Concepts of Sol-Gel Process -- 4.5.2 Polysaccharide Nanocrystal-Based or -Derived Nanocomposites Prepared by Sol-Gel Method -- 4.5.3 Chiral Nanocomposites Using Cellulose Nanocrystal Template -- 4.5.3.1 Inorganic Chiral Materials Based on Cellulose Nanocrystal Template -- 4.5.3.2 Chiral Porous Materials -- 4.5.3.3 Chiral Porous Carbon Materials -- 4.5.3.4 Metal Nanoparticle-Decorated Chiral Nematic Materials -- 4.6 Self-Assembly Method -- 4.6.1 Overview of Self-Assembly Method -- 4.6.2 Self-Assembly Method Toward Polysaccharide Nanocrystal-Modified Materials -- 4.6.2.1 Self-Assembly of Polysaccharide Nanocrystals in Aqueous Medium -- 4.6.2.2 Self-Assembly of Polysaccharide Nanocrystals in Organic Medium -- 4.6.2.3 Self-Assembly of Polysaccharide Nanocrystals in Solid Film -- 4.6.3 Polysaccharide Nanocrystal-Modified Materials Prepared by LBL Method -- 4.7 Other Methods and Prospects -- List of Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 5 Polysaccharide Nanocrystal-Reinforced Nanocomposites -- 5.1 Introduction.

5.2 Rubber-Based Nanocomposites -- 5.3 Polyolefin-Based Nanocomposites -- 5.4 Polyurethane and Waterborne Polyurethane-Based Nanocomposites -- 5.5 Polyester-Based Nanocomposites -- 5.6 Starch-Based Nanocomposites -- 5.7 Protein-Based Nanocomposites -- 5.8 Concluding Remarks -- List of Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 6 Polysaccharide Nanocrystals-Based Materials for Advanced Applications -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Surface Characteristics Induced Functional Nanomaterials -- 6.2.1 Active Groups -- 6.2.1.1 Importing Functional Groups or Molecules -- 6.2.1.2 Template for Synthesizing Inorganic Nanoparticles -- 6.2.2 Surface Charges and Hydrophilicity -- 6.2.2.1 Emulsion Nanostabilizer -- 6.2.2.2 High-Efficiency Adsorption -- 6.2.2.3 Permselective Membrane -- 6.2.3 Nanoscale and High Surface Area -- 6.2.3.1 Surface Cell Cultivation -- 6.2.3.2 Water Decontamination -- 6.3 Nano-Reinforcing Effects in Functional Nanomaterials -- 6.3.1 Soft Matter -- 6.3.1.1 Hydrogel -- 6.3.1.2 Sponge, Foam, Aerogel, and Tissue-Engineering Nanoscaffold -- 6.3.2 Special Mechanical Materials -- 6.3.3 Self-Healable and Shape-Memory Materials -- 6.3.4 Polymeric Electrolytes and Battery -- 6.3.5 Semi-conducting Material -- 6.4 Optical Materials Derived from Liquid Crystalline Property -- 6.5 Special Films and Systems Ascribed to Barrier Property -- 6.5.1 Drug Delivery - Barrier for Drug Molecules -- 6.5.2 Barrier Nanocomposites - Barrier for Water and Oxygen -- 6.6 Other Functional Applications -- 6.7 Concluding Remarks -- List of Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 7 Characterization of Polysaccharide Nanocrystal-Based Materials -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Mechanical Properties of Polysaccharide Nanocrystals -- 7.2.1 Intrinsic Mechanical Properties of Polysaccharide Nanocrystals -- 7.2.2 Mechanical Properties of Polysaccharide Nanocrystal Films.

7.3 Dispersion of Polysaccharide Nanocrystals -- 7.3.1 Observation of Polysaccharide Nanocrystals in Matrix -- 7.3.2 Three-Dimensional Network of Polysaccharide Nanocrystals -- 7.4 Mechanical Properties of Polysaccharide Nanocrystal-Based Materials -- 7.4.1 Influence of the Morphology and Dimensions of the Nanocrystals -- 7.4.2 Influence of the Processing Method -- 7.5 Polysaccharide Nanocrystal/Matrix Interfacial Interactions -- 7.6 Thermal Properties of Polysaccharide Nanocrystal-Based Materials -- 7.6.1 Thermal Properties of Polysaccharide Nanocrystals -- 7.6.2 Glass Transition of Polysaccharide Nanocrystal-Based Nanocomposites -- 7.6.3 Melting/Crystallization Temperature of Polysaccharide Nanocrystal-Based Nanocomposites -- 7.6.4 Thermal Stability of Polysaccharide Nanocrystal-Based Nanocomposites -- 7.7 Barrier Properties of Polysaccharide Nanocrystal-Based Materials -- 7.7.1 Barrier Properties of Polysaccharide Nanocrystal Films -- 7.7.2 Swelling and Sorption Properties of Polysaccharide Nanocrystal-Based Nanocomposites -- 7.7.3 Water Vapor Transfer and Permeability of Polysaccharide Nanocrystal-Based Nanocomposites -- 7.7.4 Gas Permeability of Polysaccharide Nanocrystal-Based Nanocomposites -- 7.8 Concluding Remarks -- List of Abbreviations -- References -- Index -- EULA.

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