The Climate Modelling Primer.

Intro -- The Climate Modelling Primer -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- About the Companion Website -- 1 Why Model Climate? -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 What is a climate model? -- 1.2.1 Climate modelling and cooking: feeding good -- 1.2.2 Climate models are much more than code -- 1.3 Multiple reasons for climate modelling -- 1.3.1 Climate models test the robustness of prevailing theory -- 1.3.2 Climate models illuminate salient features and core uncertainties -- 1.3.3 Climate models reveal the apparently simple to be complex and vice versa -- 1.3.4 Climate models raise new questions and suggest analogies -- 1.3.5 Climate models expose prevailing wisdom as compatible or incompatible with existing data and hence direct collection of new data -- 1.3.6 Climate models explain -- 1.3.7 Climate models bound (bracket) outcomes within plausible ranges -- 1.3.8 Climate models train practitioners and educate the general public -- 1.3.9 Climate models discipline the policy dialogue -- 1.3.10 Climate models encourage sensible thinking and informed discussion -- 1.4 Climat e models: sound components in careful combination -- 1.4.1 Ingredients and method -- 1.4.2 Climate model prediction: getting the right result for the correct reason -- 1.4.3 Climate models pushing the envelope -- 1.5 Climate modelling: about this book -- 1.5.1 Climate modelling: read the label and exercise care -- 1.5.2 The Climate Modelling Primer -- 1.6 Summary: research and review -- 2 The Evolution of Climate Models -- 2.1 Introducing climate modelling -- 2.1.1 The need for simplification -- 2.1.2 Resolution in time and space -- Types of climate models -- 2.2.1 Energy balance climate models -- 2.2.2 One-dimensional radiative-convective climate models -- 2.2.3 Dimensionally constrained climate models -- 2.2.4 General circulation models.

2.2.5 Interactive biogeochemistry and stable isotopes -- 2.3 History of climate modelling -- 2.3.1 Genesis in post-World War 2 technology -- 2.3.2 Evolution of climate models - not a simple timeline -- 2.3.3 The evolution of predictions, projections and forecasts -- 2.4 Sensitivity of climate models -- 2.4.1 Definitions and terminology -- 2.4.2 Equilibrium climatic states -- 2.4.3 Equilibrium conditions and transitivity of climate systems -- 2.4.4 Climate tipping points -- 2.5 Parameterisation of climatic processes -- 2.5.1 Interactions in the climate system -- 2.5.2 Justifying and evaluating parameterisation -- 2.5.3 The need for observations -- 2.6 Simulation of the full, interacting climate system: one goal of modelling -- 2.6.1 A simple model of 'climate control' -- 2.6.2 Goals of this book and the 10 reasons for climate modelling -- 2.7 Summary: research and review -- 3 Energy Balance Models -- 3.1 Balancing the planetary radiation budget -- 3.2 The structure of energy balance models -- 3.2.1 Zero-dimensional energy balance models -- 3.2.2 One-dimensional energy balance models -- 3.3 Parameterising the climate system for energy balance models -- 3.3.1 Energy balance model parameters -- 3.3.2 Comparing Budkyo ' s and Sellers' energy balance models -- 3.4 Simple climate models -- 3.4.1 Energy balance model - a spreadsheet climate model -- 3.4.2 Energy balance model implementation in Xojo™ -- 3.4.3 Gaian geophysiology -- 3.5 Energy balance and glacier models -- 3.5.1 Isotopic EBM-like model with a dynamic ice sheet -- 3.5.2 Milankovitch cycles and ice sheets -- 3.5.3 Glaciers: energy-based components of global climate models -- 3.5.4 Snowball Earth -- 3.6 Box models - another form of energy balance model -- 3.6.1 Zonal box models that maximise planetary entropy production -- 3.6.2 A simple box model of the ocean-atmosphere.

3.6.3 MAGICC : box model development of great value -- 3.6.4 A coupled atmosphere, land and ocean energy balance box model -- 3.6.5 Super simple simulator: clouds and rain in chaos -- 3.7 Energy balance models: deceptively simple -- 3.8 Summary: research and review -- 4 Intermediate Complexity Models -- 4.1 Why lower complexity? -- 4.2 One-dimensional radiative-convective models -- 4.2.1 The structure of global radiative-convective models -- 4.3 Radiation: the driver of climate -- 4.3.1 Shortwave radiation -- 4.3.2 Longwave radiation -- 4.3.3 Heat balance at the surface -- 4.3.4 Convective adjustment -- 4.4 Experiments with radiative-convective models -- 4.4.1 One-dimensional radiative-convective model sensitivity testing -- 4.4.2 One-dimensional radiative-convective model applied to the very early Earth -- 4.4.3 Development of radiative-convective models -- 4.4.4 'Singling out' column models -- 4.5 Reduced complexity models -- 4.5.1 Deterministic versus stochastic approach -- 4.5.2 Parameterisations for two-dimensional statistical dynamical modelling -- 4.5.3 'Column' processes in two-dimensional statistical dynamical models -- 4.6 The spectrum of Earth system models of intermediate complexity -- 4.6.1 An upgraded energy balance model -- 4.6.2 Multi-column radiative-convective models -- 4.6.3 A severely truncated spectral general circulation climate model -- 4.6.4 Repeating sectors in a global ' grid ' model -- 4.6.5 A two-and-a-half-dimensional model: CLIMBER -2 -- 4.6.6 McGill palaeoclimate model -- 4.6.7 A simplified global climate model with water isotopologues: the LMDZ -iso GCM -- 4.6.8 An all-aspects, severely truncated Earth system model of intermediate complexity: MoBidiC -- 4.6.9 Earth system models of intermediate complexity predict future release of radiocarbons from the oceans -- 4.6.10 The forthcoming interglacial protracted.

4.7 Why are some climate modellers Flatlanders? -- 4.8 Summary: research and review -- 5 Coupled Climate System Models -- 5.1 Three-dimensional models of the climate system -- 5.2 Configuring the climate -- 5.2.1 Finite grid formulation -- 5.2.2 Spectral atmospheric models -- 5.2.3 Re-gridding the planet -- 5.3 Computers for modelling climate -- 5.3.1 Computer architecture and numerical modelling -- 5.3.2 Coupling the climate -- 5.3.3 Creating climate ensembles -- 5.4 Modelling climate components -- 5.4.1 Atmospheric formulation -- 5.4.2 Atmospheric chemistry -- 5.4.3 The ocean -- 5.4.4 Carbon modelling and validating -- 5.4.5 Sea-ice -- 5.4.6 Land surface -- 5.5 Localising climate models -- 5.5.1 Regional climate modelling -- 5.6 'Complete' coupled climate models -- 5.6.1 Climate model prediction skills -- 5.6.2 Earth system and climate models -- 5.7 Summary: research and review -- 6 Through the Looking Glass -- 6.1 First reflection: a chef or a modeller? -- 6.2 Second reflection: knowledge 'boxes' -- 6.3 Third reflection: climate modelling collection -- 6.4 Fourth reflection: meeting real climate modellers -- 6.5 Fifth reflection: reasons for modelling -- 6.6 Reflections overview - book summary: research and review -- Collected Endnotes -- Hints and Solutions -- List of abbreviations -- List of symbols -- Bibliography -- Index.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.