Surgery at a Glance.

Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Preface -- List of abbreviations -- Part 1 Clinical presentations at a glance -- 1: Neck lump -- Definition -- Differential diagnosis -- Thyroid -- Neoplasm -- Inflammatory -- Congenital -- Vascular -- Important diagnostic features -- Children -- Young adults -- Over-40s -- 2: Dysphagia -- Definition -- Important diagnostic features -- Mural causes -- Intraluminal causes -- Extramural causes -- 3: Haemoptysis -- Definition -- Important diagnostic features -- Spurious haemoptysis -- True haemoptysis -- 4: Breast lump -- Definition -- Differential diagnosis -- Swelling of the whole breast (mammoplasia) -- Localized swellings in the breast -- Swellings behind the breast -- 5: Breast pain -- Definition -- Important diagnostic features -- Non-breast conditions -- Mastalgia due to breast pathology -- Mastalgia without breast pathology -- 6: Nipple discharge -- Definition -- Differential diagnosis -- Physiological discharges -- Pathological discharges -- 7: Gastrointestinal bleeding/1 -- Definitions -- Upper GI bleeding -- Important diagnostic features -- Oesophagus -- Stomach -- Duodenum -- Gastrointestinal bleeding/2 -- Lower GI bleeding -- Important diagnostic features -- Small intestine -- Colon -- Rectum -- Anus -- 8: Dyspepsia -- Definition -- Differential diagnosis -- Oesophagus -- Stomach -- Duodenum -- Gallstones -- 9: Vomiting -- Definitions -- Important diagnostic features -- Central vomiting -- Reflex vomiting -- 10: Acute abdominal pain -- Definitions -- Important diagnostic features -- History of the pain -- Abdominal examination -- 11: Chronic abdominal pain -- Definition -- Important diagnostic features -- Irritable bowel syndrome -- Adhesions -- Mesenteric angina -- Meckel's diverticulum -- 12: Abdominal swellings (general) -- Definition -- Important diagnostic features -- 'Fat'.

'Flatus' -- 'Fluid' -- 'Faeces' -- 'Fetus' -- 'Flipping big mass' -- 13: Abdominal swellings (localized) - upper abdominal/1 -- Abdominal swellings (localized) - upper abdominal/2 -- 14: Abdominal swellings (localized) - lower abdominal -- 15: Jaundice -- Definition -- Differential diagnosis -- Pre-hepatic/haemolytic jaundice -- Hepatic/hepatocellular jaundice -- Post-hepatic/obstructive jaundice -- 16: Diarrhoea -- Definitions -- Important diagnostic features -- Acute diarrhoea -- Chronic diarrhoea -- 17: Altered bowel habit/constipation -- Definitions -- Important diagnostic features -- Chronic constipation -- 18: Groin swellings -- Definition -- Important diagnostic features -- Inguinal hernia -- Femoral hernia -- Principles of hernia surgery -- 19: Claudication -- Definition -- Differential diagnosis -- Vascular -- Neurological -- 20: Acute warm painful leg -- Definitions -- Important diagnostic features -- Infection -- Trauma -- Degenerative -- Tumours -- Vascular -- 21: Acute 'cold' leg -- Definition -- Important diagnostic features -- Isolated arterial embolus -- Trauma -- Thrombosis (in situ) -- 22: Leg ulceration -- Definition -- Important diagnostic features -- Venous ulcers -- Arterial ulcers -- Diabetic ulcers -- Malignant ulcers -- Miscellaneous ulcers -- 23: Dysuria -- Definitions -- Important diagnostic features -- Urinary tract infection -- Other causes of dysuria -- 24: Urinary retention -- Definitions -- Differential diagnosis -- Age -- Mechanical -- 25: Haematuria -- Definitions -- Important diagnostic features -- Kidney -- Ureter -- Bladder -- Prostate -- Urethra -- 26: Scrotal swellings -- Definition -- Differential diagnosis -- Scrotum -- Testis -- 27: Stomas and incisions -- Definitions -- Indications for common stomas -- Siting and care of a stoma -- Features to recognize a stoma -- Complications of stomas.

Abdominal and thoracic incisions -- Part 2 Surgical diseases at a glance -- 28: Anaesthesia - general -- Definitions -- Pre-operative assessment -- General anaesthesia -- Pre-operative fasting -- Aims and technique -- Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) -- Anaesthesia - regional -- Regional anaesthesia -- Aims and technique -- Regional anaesthetic techniques -- Sedation -- Postoperative pain control -- Analgesia in postoperative patients -- 29: Hypoxia -- Definitions -- Classification of hypoxia -- Common causes -- Postoperative causes (usually hypoxic hypoxia) -- General causes -- Clinical features -- In the unconscious patient -- In the conscious patient -- 30: Surgical infection - general -- Definitions -- Pathophysiology of bacterial infection -- Bacterial secretions -- Natural history of infection -- Management of surgical infection -- Preventive measures -- Management of established infection -- Surgical infection - specific -- Specific surgical infections -- Cellulitis -- Tetanus -- Gas gangrene -- Post-operative infections -- Essential management of post-operative pyrexia -- Wound infections -- Intra-abdominal infections -- Intra-abdominal abscess -- Respiratory infections -- Urinary tract infections -- Intravenous central line infection -- Pseudomembranous enterocolitis -- Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) -- 31: Sepsis -- Definitions -- Epidemiology -- Risk factors -- Pathophysiology -- Prognosis -- 32: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome -- Definitions -- Common surgical causes -- Pathophysiology -- Treatment -- 33: Shock -- Definition -- Common causes -- Hypovolaemic -- Cardiogenic -- Septic -- Anaphylactic/distributive -- Clinical features -- Hypovolaemic and cardiogenic -- Septic -- Anaphylactic -- Investigations and assessment -- Complications -- 34: Acute renal failure -- Definitions -- Common causes.

Pre-renal failure (volume depletion and hypotension, structurally intact nephrons) -- Intrinsic renal failure (structural and functional damage to kidney) -- Post-renal failure (obstruction to the passage of urine) -- Clinical features -- Oliguric phase -- Polyuric (recovery) phase -- Investigations -- Prognosis -- 35: Fractures -- Definitions -- Common causes -- Clinical features -- Investigations -- Complications -- Early -- Late -- 36: Orthopaedics - congenital and childhood disorders -- Definitions -- Classification -- General abnormalities -- Specific abnormalities -- Miscellaneous -- 37: Orthopaedics - metabolic and infective disorders -- Definitions -- Bone loss -- Osteoporosis -- Osteopenia -- Rickets/osteomalacia -- Osteolysis -- Hyperparathyroidism -- Dysplasia -- Infections -- 38: Arthritis -- Definitions -- Osteoarthritis (OA) -- Definition -- Aetiology -- Pathology -- Clinical features -- Investigations -- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) -- Definition -- Aetiology -- Pathology -- Clinical features -- Investigations -- Prognosis -- Other types of arthritis -- Gout -- Psoriatic arthritis -- Ankylosing spondylitis -- Reactive arthritis or Reiter's syndrome -- Haemophillic arthritis -- 39: Musculoskeletal tumours -- Definitions -- Epidemiology -- Classification of musculoskeletal tumours -- Clinical features -- Investigations -- Specific bone tumours -- Multiple myeloma -- Osteosarcoma -- Chondrosarcoma -- Ewing's sarcoma family of tumours -- 40: Burns -- Definitions -- Common causes -- Clinical features -- General -- Specific -- Investigations -- Complications -- Immediate -- Early -- Late -- 41: Major trauma - basic principles -- Definition -- Principles of management -- Patterns of injury -- Timing of death following trauma -- 42: Traumatic brain injury (head injury)/1 -- Definitions -- Epidemiology -- Pathophysiology -- Closed head injury.

Penetrating head injury -- Clinical features -- Investigations -- Traumatic brain injury (head injury)/2 -- Complications -- Skull fractures -- Intracranial haemorrhage -- Raised intracranial pressure -- Prognosis -- 43: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease -- Definitions -- Common causes -- Clinical features -- Investigations -- Complications -- Barrett's oesophagus -- Definition and aetiology -- Diagnosis (two criteria) -- Complications -- Management -- 44: Oesophageal carcinoma -- Definition -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Pathology -- Clinical features -- Investigations -- Prognosis -- 45: Peptic ulcer disease -- Definition -- Common causes -- Clinical features -- Duodenal ulcer and type II gastric ulcer (i.e. prepyloric and antral) -- Type I gastric ulcer (i.e. body of stomach) -- Investigations -- 46: Gastric carcinoma -- Definition -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Pathology -- Clinical features -- Investigations -- Prognosis -- 47: Malabsorption -- Definition -- Clinical features -- Differential diagnosis -- Coeliac disease -- Crohn's disease -- Cystic fibrosis -- Intestinal resection -- Whipple's disease (intestinal lipodystrophy) -- Bacterial overgrowth -- Radiation enteropathy -- Chronic ischaemic enteropathy -- Parasitic infection -- Investigations -- 48: Crohn's disease -- Definition -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Pathology -- Macroscopic -- Histology -- Clinical features -- Acute presentations (uncommon) -- Subacute presentations (common) -- Chronic presentations -- Perianal disease -- Extraintestinal features -- Investigations -- Prognosis -- 49: Acute appendicitis -- Definition -- Epidemiology -- Pathology -- Clinical features -- Investigations -- Differential diagnosis -- Complications -- 50: Diverticular disease -- Definition -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Pathology -- Macroscopic -- Histological -- Clinical features -- Investigations.

Prognosis.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.