Contemporary Debates in Applied Ethics.

Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Issues of Life and Death -- Issues in Justice -- Issues of Privacy and the Good -- Issues of Cosmospolitanism and Community -- Ethical Theory -- CHAPTER ONE: Theories of Ethics -- Case Ethics -- Normative Ethical Theory -- Meta-ethics -- Contractarianism/Contractualism -- Contractarianism -- Contractualism -- Consequentialism -- Deontology -- Virtue Theory -- CHAPTER TWO: The Wrong of Abortion -- Human Embryos and Fetuses are Complete (though Immature) Human Beings -- No-Person Arguments: The Dualist Version -- No-Person Arguments: The Evaluative Version -- The Argument that Abortion is Justified as Non-intentional Killing -- CHAPTER THREE: The Moral Permissibility of Abortion -- Introduction -- The Moral Status of Embryos and Early Fetuses -- Abortion and Gestational Assistance -- Intimacy, Pregnancy, and Motherhood -- Norms of Responsible Creation -- CHAPTER FOUR: In Defense of Voluntary Active Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide -- Important Concepts and Distinctions -- A Fundamental Defense of Assisted Suicide and Voluntary Active Euthanasia -- The argument -- The soundness of the argument -- Voluntary Passive Euthanasia versus Voluntary Active Euthanasia -- The argument -- An evaluation of the second argument -- Should Assisted Suicide and Voluntary Active Euthanasia Be Legal? -- CHAPTER FIVE: A Case Against Euthanasia -- Suicide: The Way (Rarely) Taken -- Three Arguments in Favor of Euthanasia -- Euthanasia as a Social, not Private, Act -- Euthanasia and the Law -- The Dutch Experience -- Not Pain but Loss of Control -- Catering to a Small Minority -- CHAPTER SIX: Empty Cages: Animal Rights and Vivisection -- The Benefits Argument -- What the Benefits Argument Omits -- The overestimation of human benefits.

The underestimation of human harms -- Comparisons across species -- Human Vivisection and Human Rights -- Why the Benefits Argument Begs the Question -- The Children of Willowbrook -- The Basis of Human Rights -- Why Animals Have Rights -- Challenging Human and Animal Equality: Speciesism -- Other Objections, Other Replies -- Conclusion -- CHAPTER SEVEN: Animals and Their Medical Use -- The Abolitionist Appeal to Animal Rights -- The "Anything Goes" View on Animals -- The Value of Lives and Quality of Life -- Two Senses of Moral Community -- Conclusion -- CHAPTER EIGHT: A Defense of Affirmative Action -- Introduction -- Affirmative Action as a Remedy for Past Injustices -- Affirmative Action as a Form of Compensatory Justice -- Standardized Tests and Race -- Affirmative Action and Equal Protection -- Conclusions -- CHAPTER NINE: Preferential Policies Have Become Toxic -- Framing the Issue -- Disentangling Race and Sex -- Affirmative Action for Black People: Evaluating the Arguments -- The compensatory (or backward-looking) argument -- Corrective argument -- Forward-looking arguments -- Assessing the Arguments -- Conclusion -- CHAPTER TEN: A Defense of the Death Penalty -- In Favor of the Death Penalty -- Retribution -- Deterrence -- Objections to the Death Penalty -- Objection 1 -- Objection 2 -- Objection 3 -- Objection 4 -- Conclusion -- CHAPTER ELEVEN: Why We Should Put the Death Penalty to Rest -- The Death Penalty in Theory: Saving Lives and Doing Justice -- The argument from deterrence -- The argument from justice and desert -- The Death Penalty in Practice -- Why the Death Penalty is Inconsistent with the Value of Justice -- Race -- Socio-economic status -- Quality of legal representation -- Why the Death Penalty is Inconsistent with Respect for the Value of Human Life -- A Final Point -- CHAPTER TWELVE: Compensation and Past Injustice.

Compensation, Misfortune, and Life Plans -- The Effects of Compensation -- Closing Thoughts -- CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Must We Provide Material Redress for Past Wrongs? -- Some Definitions: Past Wrongs, Nozickian Compensation, Restitution -- The Non-identity Problem -- Responses to the Non-identity Problem -- The identity argument -- The timing argument -- Conclusion -- CHAPTER FOURTEEN: Bayesian Inference and Contractualist Justification on Interstate 95 -- Two Brackets -- Three Cases -- Two Questions -- Race and Racism -- CHAPTER FIFTEEN: Racial Profiling and the Meaning of Racial Categories -- Introduction -- Statistical Generalization -- Accuracy -- Generalization -- Content of the generalization -- What Profiling Expresses -- Generalizing about race -- Profiling and crime -- Profiling by the Government -- Expression and Interpretation -- Racial Profiling without Racism -- Conclusion -- CHAPTER SIXTEEN: Ticking Time-Bombs and Torture1 -- Origins of Ticking Time-Bomb Cases -- Utilitarian Views on Torture -- Deontological Views on Torture -- Rejecting Torture: Absolutism-in-Principle and Absolutism-in-Practice -- Conclusion -- CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: Torture and its Apologists -- Torture, Consequentialism and the "War on Terror" -- The "Ticking Bomb" Scenario -- The Consequences of Interrogational Torture -- A Real Case -- Why Torture is the Worst Thing We Can Do -- References -- CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: Same-Sex Marriage and the Definitional Objection -- The Definitional Objection -- Bob and Jane and the Essence of Marriage -- The New Natural Law (NNL) Theory -- Why Must Marriage Be Coital? -- Permanence, Exclusivity, and the Connection to Childrearing -- Conclusion -- CHAPTER NINETEEN: Making Sense of Marriage -- Introduction -- Marriage as a Basic Human Good -- Problems with the Revisionist View -- Sketching an Account of Marriage.

Comprehensive unifying acts: mind and body -- Comprehensive unifying goods: procreation and domestic life -- Comprehensive commitment: norms of permanence and exclusivity -- Closing Thoughts -- CHAPTER TWENTY: The Right to Get Turned On: Pornography, Autonomy, Equality -- Introduction -- What is Pornography? -- Sexual Autonomy -- Sexual Violence -- Sexual Inequality -- Making Pornography -- Sexual Identity -- Conclusion -- References -- CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE: "The Price We Pay"? Pornography and Harm -- What is Pornography? -- Pornography and Harm -- A Moral Right to Pornography? -- CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO: In Favor of Drug Decriminalization -- The Meaning of Decriminalization -- Three Approaches to Decriminalization -- How Debates about Drug Decriminalization Differ from other Decriminalization Debates -- Conclusion -- CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE: Against the Legalization of Drugs -- Introduction -- Ineffectiveness Objection -- Paternalism Objection -- Violation of Rights Objection -- High Costs of the Drug War Objection -- Effect on Imprisoned Youths Objection -- Racial Discrimination Objection -- Increase in Violence Objection -- Corruption of Foreign Governments Objection -- The Inconsistency Objection -- Unhealthy Foods Objection -- No Scientific Proof Objection -- Conclusion -- References -- CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR: Immigration: The Case for Limits -- Can There be an Unlimited Right of Migration Between States? -- Justifications for Limiting Immigration -- Conditions for an Ethical Immigration Policy -- CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE: The Case for Open Immigration -- The Problem of Immigration in the Modern World -- In Defense of Free Immigration -- Economic Arguments Against Open Borders -- Nationality and Immigration -- Immigration and Security -- Concluding Reflections -- CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX: The Moral Structure of Humanitarian Intervention.

Just Cause: Humanitarian Intervention as Defense of Persons -- The Question of Legitimacy -- Sovereignty and Culture -- Proportionality and Double Effect -- The Question of Intent -- Who May Intervene? -- The internal legitimacy of humanitarian intervention -- The problem of authority -- CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN: The Morality of Humanitarian Intervention -- Interstate Morality -- Legitimacy and Non-intervention -- Intervention in Illegitimate States -- Conclusion -- CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHT: Famine Relief: The Duties We Have to Others -- Positive Duties -- Negative Duties -- Conclusion -- CHAPTER TWENTY-NINE: Famine Relief and Human Virtue -- Drowning Babies -- Charity, Personal Autonomy, and the Right to do Wrong -- Charity as a virtue -- Charity and the right to do wrong -- Critical rejoinders -- Local Versus Distant Needs -- Local Reform and Distant Suffering -- Index.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.