Psychiatry.

Intro -- Psychiatry Lecture Notes -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Quick guides -- History-taking checklist -- Mental State Examination checklist -- Structure of a psychiatric case presentation -- 1 Getting started -- What is psychiatry? -- Where is psychiatry going? -- Why study psychiatry? -- Useful knowledge -- Useful skills -- Useful attitudes -- How to start psychiatry -- The psychiatric interview -- Psychiatric assessment -- Diagnostic categories -- Psychiatric classification -- After the assessment: summarizing and communicating the information -- 2 The basic psychiatric assessment -- Approaching a psychiatric assessment -- What is the mental state examination (MSE)? -- Components of the basic psychiatric assessment -- When is a physical examination necessary? -- Basic investigations -- FURTHER READING -- 3 Diagnosis-specific assessments -- When to use this chapter -- How to assess cognitive function -- What do you need to find out? -- When do you need to assess cognition? -- Cognitive impairment: history and MSE -- How to assess psychosis -- What do you need to find out? -- When do you need to assess for psychosis? -- Psychosis: history -- Psychosis: MSE -- How to assess depression -- What do you need to find out? -- When do you need to assess for depression? -- Depression: history -- Depression: MSE -- How to assess mania -- What do you need to find out? -- When do you need to assess for mania? -- Mania: history -- Mania: MSE -- How to assess anxiety and stress-related disorders -- What do you need to find out? -- When do you need to assess for anxiety disorders? -- Anxiety: history and MSE -- How to assess somatic symptoms and somatoform disorders -- What do you need to find out? -- When do you need to assess for a somatoform disorder? -- Somatoform disorders: history and MSE -- How to assess eating disorders.

What do you need to find out? -- When do you need to assess for an eating disorder? -- Eating disorders: history -- How to assess sleep -- When do you need to assess sleep? (Box 3.13) -- Sleep history -- Further assessment -- How to assess alcohol and other substance misuse -- What do you need to find out? -- When do you need to assess for substance misuse? -- Assessment of alcohol misuse -- Use of other substances -- How to assess an unresponsive patient -- What do you need to find out? -- The unresponsive patient: history and MSE (Box 3.15) -- FURTHER READING -- 4 Risk: harm, self-harm and suicide -- Risk in psychiatry -- Risk assessment -- Formulation of risk -- Risk management -- Suicide and self-harm -- Definitions -- Self-harm -- Suicide -- Assessment of suicide risk -- Assessment following SH -- Management after SH -- Risks to others -- Assessment of risk to others -- Management of risk to others -- FURTHER READING -- 5 Completing and communicating the assessment -- How to use this chapter -- Diagnosis -- Aetiology (see Chapter 6) -- Management -- Prognosis -- Summarizing and communicating cases -- Written and oral case summaries -- Problem lists -- Letters between psychiatrists and GPs -- 6 What causes mental health problems? -- Thinking about aetiology inpsychiatry -- Epidemiology -- Sociology -- Psychological factors -- Biological models -- FURTHER READING -- 7 Treatment -- Drug treatments -- Principles and practice of prescribing -- Antidepressants -- Mood stabilizers -- Anxiolytics -- Antipsychotics -- Anticholinergics -- Drugs for dementia -- Drugs for substance dependence -- Prescribing in specific groups -- Other biological treatments -- Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) -- Psychosurgery -- Psychological treatments (the psychotherapies) -- Factors common to all psychotherapies -- Simple forms of psychotherapy.

The major types of specific psychotherapy -- Other psychotherapies -- Social treatments -- Acute social interventions -- Social interventions during psychiatric care -- The wider social environment -- FURTHER READING -- 8 Psychiatric services and specialties -- Organization of psychiatric services -- Trends in service delivery and organization -- Psychiatric specialties -- General adult psychiatry -- Psychiatry of old age (psychogeriatrics) -- Child and adolescent psychiatry -- Liaison psychiatry (psychological medicine) -- Substance abuse psychiatry -- Forensic psychiatry -- Learning (intellectual) disability psychiatry -- Groups with special psychiatric needs -- The homeless -- Ethnic minorities -- People with psychiatric comorbidity (multiple psychiatric diagnoses) -- Healthcare workers -- Prisoners -- FURTHER READING -- 9 Mood disorders -- Depressive disorder -- Dysthymia -- Psychotic depression -- Atypical depression -- Reactive and endogenous depression -- Mixed anxiety and depressive disorder -- Epidemiology of depressive disorder (Table 9.1) -- Management of depressive disorders -- Drug treatment -- Psychological treatment -- Non-response to first-line treatment -- Psychiatric referral for depression -- Prevention of relapse -- Prognosis -- Bipolar disorder -- Hypomania -- Mania -- Mixed affective states -- Cyclothymia -- Management of bipolar disorder -- Treatment of mania and mixed episodes -- Treatment of depressive episodes -- Prevention of relapse -- Organic mood disorders -- Other aspects of mood disorders -- Puerperal (postpartum) disorders -- Premenstrual syndrome -- Other psychiatric issues specific to women -- Grief -- Normal grief -- Abnormal (pathological) grief -- Grief and depression -- FURTHER READING -- 10 Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders -- General characteristics of neurosis.

Neurotic symptoms and syndromes -- Stress-related and somatoform disorders -- Diagnosing neuroses -- Epidemiology of neurosis -- Management of neurosis -- Prognosis of neurosis -- Aetiology of neurosis -- The specific disorders -- Anxiety disorders -- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) -- Dissociative and conversion disorders -- Neurasthenia (chronic fatigue syndrome, or CFS) -- Depersonalization-derealization syndrome -- Stress-related disorders -- Somatoform disorders -- Functional somatic syndromes and their relationship to somatoform disorders -- Factitious disorders and malingering -- FURTHER READING -- 11 Eating, sleep and sexual disorders -- Eating disorders -- Anorexia nervosa -- Bulimia nervosa -- Sleep disorders -- Insomnia -- Excessive daytime sleepiness -- Parasomnias -- Sexual problems -- Sexual dysfunction -- Other sexual disorders -- FURTHER READING -- 12 Schizophrenia -- Clinical features -- Clinical features of acute schizophrenia -- Clinical subtypes of schizophrenia -- Clinical features of chronic schizophrenia -- Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia -- Differential diagnosis -- Acute schizophrenia -- Chronic schizophrenia -- Investigations -- Management -- Management of acute schizophrenia -- Early intervention -- Management of chronic schizophrenia -- Modes of treatment -- Prognosis -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Genetic factors -- Environmental factors -- The brain in schizophrenia -- Psychological and social theories -- The neurodevelopmental model -- Disorders related to schizophrenia -- Schizoaffective disorder -- Delusional disorders (paranoid psychoses) -- Schizotypal disorder -- FURTHER READING -- 13 Dementia, delirium and neuropsychiatry -- Dementia -- Clinical features of dementia -- Differential diagnosis of dementia -- The causes of dementia -- Assessment of dementia -- Management of dementia.

Prognosis of dementia -- Alzheimer's disease -- Vascular dementia -- Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) -- Parkinson's disease dementia -- Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) -- Huntington's disease -- Normal pressure hydrocephalus -- Prion disease -- Alcohol-induced dementia -- Delirium -- Clinical features of delirium -- Aetiology of delirium -- Management of delirium -- Prognosis of delirium -- Other organic disorders -- Organic psychiatric disorders -- Amnesic syndrome -- Epilepsy -- Head injury -- Other medical disorders associated with psychiatric disorders -- FURTHER READING -- 14 Substance misuse -- General issues -- Types of substance misuse -- Assessment of substance misuse -- Management of substance misuse -- Aetiology of substance misuse -- Alcohol -- Definitions and epidemiology of alcohol (mis)use -- Clinical features of alcohol misuse -- Management of alcohol problems -- Cannabis -- Epidemiology and pharmacology -- Adverse health effects -- Treatment -- Opioids -- Epidemiology and pharmacology -- Adverse health and social effects -- Clinical features -- Management -- Stimulants -- Amphetamines -- Cocaine -- 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) -- Hallucinogens -- Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) -- Other substances -- Phencyclidine -- Solvents -- Anabolic steroids -- Benzodiazepines -- Nicotine and caffeine -- 'Legal highs' -- FURTHER READING -- 15 Personality disorders -- Personality and personality disorder -- Personality disorder and psychiatric disorder -- Key aspects of personality disorder -- Diagnosis -- Classification -- Epidemiology -- Aetiology -- Specific personality disorders -- Cluster A personality disorders ('eccentric') -- Cluster B personality disorders ('dramatic') -- Cluster C personality disorder ('anxious') -- Management -- Prognosis -- Problems with the concept of personality disorder.

FURTHER READING.

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