Introductory Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences.

Intro -- Introductory Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Glossary of Symbols -- Part I: Descriptive Statistics -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Why Study Statistics? -- Descriptive and Inferential Statistics -- Populations, Samples, Parameters, and Statistics -- Measurement Scales -- Independent and Dependent Variables -- Summation Notation -- Ihno's Study -- Summary -- Exercises -- Thought Questions -- Computer Exercises -- Bridge to SPSS -- Chapter 2 Frequency Distributions and Graphs -- The Purpose of Descriptive Statistics -- Regular Frequency Distributions -- Cumulative Frequency Distributions -- Grouped Frequency Distributions -- Real and Apparent Limits -- Interpreting a Raw Score -- Definition of Percentile Rank and Percentile -- Computational Procedures -- Deciles, Quartiles, and the Median -- Graphic Representations -- Shapes of Frequency Distributions -- Summary -- Exercises -- Thought Questions -- Computer Exercises -- Bridge to SPSS -- Chapter 3 Measures of Central Tendency and Variability -- Introduction -- The Mode -- The Median -- The Mean -- The Concept of Variability -- The Range -- The Standard Deviation and Variance -- Summary -- Exercises -- Thought Questions -- Computer Exercises -- Bridge to SPSS -- Chapter 4 Standardized Scores and the Normal Distribution -- Interpreting a Raw Score Revisited -- Rules for Changing μ and σ -- Standard Scores (z Scores) -- T Scores, SAT Scores, and IQ Scores -- The Normal Distribution -- Table of the Standard Normal Distribution -- Illustrative Examples -- Summary -- Exercises -- Thought Questions -- Computer Exercises -- Bridge to SPSS -- Part II: Basic Inferential Statistics -- Chapter 5 Introduction to Statistical Inference -- Introduction -- The Goals of Inferential Statistics -- Sampling Distributions -- The Standard Error of the Mean.

The z Score for Sample Means -- Null Hypothesis Testing -- Assumptions Required by the Statistical Test for the Mean of a Single Population -- Summary -- Exercises -- Thought Questions -- Computer Exercises -- Bridge to SPSS -- Appendix: The Null Hypothesis Testing Controversy -- Chapter 6 The One-Sample t Test and Interval Estimation -- Introduction -- The Statistical Test for the Mean of a Single Population When σ Is Not Known: The t Distributions -- Interval Estimation -- The Standard Error of a Proportion -- Summary -- Exercises -- Thought Questions -- Computer Exercises -- Bridge to SPSS -- Chapter 7 Testing Hypotheses About the Difference Between the Means of Two Populations -- The Standard Error of the Difference -- Estimating the Standard Error of the Difference -- The t Test for Two Sample Means -- Confidence Intervals for μ1 − μ2 -- The Assumptions Underlying the Proper Use of the t Test for Two Sample Means -- Measuring the Size of an Effect -- The t Test for Matched Samples -- Summary -- Exercises -- Thought Questions -- Computer Exercises -- Bridge to SPSS -- Chapter 8 Nonparametric Tests for the Difference Between Two Means -- Introduction -- The Difference Between the Locations of Two Independent Samples: The Rank-Sum Test -- The Difference Between the Locations of Two Matched Samples: The Wilcoxon Test -- Summary -- Exercises -- Thought Questions -- Computer Exercises -- Bridge to SPSS -- Chapter 9 Linear Correlation -- Introduction -- Describing the Linear Relationship Between Two Variables -- Interpreting the Magnitude of a Pearson r -- When Is It Important That Pearson's r Be Large? -- Testing the Significance of the Correlation Coefficient -- The Relationship Between Two Ranked Variables: The Spearman Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient -- Summary -- Exercises -- Thought Questions -- Computer Exercises -- Bridge to SPSS.

Appendix: Equivalence of the Various Formulas for r -- Chapter 10 Prediction and Linear Regression -- Introduction -- Using Linear Regression to Make Predictions -- Measuring Prediction Error: The Standard Error of Estimate -- The Connection Between Correlation and the t Test -- Estimating the Proportion of Variance Accounted for in the Population -- Summary -- Exercises -- Thought Questions -- Computer Exercises -- Bridge to SPSS -- Chapter 11 Introduction to Power Analysis -- Introduction -- Concepts of Power Analysis -- The Significance Test of the Mean of a Single Population -- The Significance Test of the Proportion of a Single Population -- The Significance Test of a Pearson r -- Testing the Difference Between Independent Means -- Testing the Difference Between the Means of Two Matched Populations -- Choosing a Value for d for a Power Analysis Involving Independent Means -- Using Power Analysis Concepts to Interpret the Results of Null Hypothesis Tests -- Summary -- Exercises -- Thought Questions -- Computer Exercises -- Bridge to SPSS -- Part III: Analysis of Variance Methods -- Chapter 12 One-Way Analysis of Variance -- Introduction -- The General Logic of ANOVA -- Computational Procedures -- Testing the F Ratio for Statistical Significance -- Calculating the One-Way ANOVA From Means and Standard Deviations -- Comparing the One-Way ANOVA With the t Test -- A Simplified ANOVA Formula for Equal Sample Sizes -- Effect Size for the One-Way ANOVA -- Some Comments on the Use of ANOVA -- A Nonparametric Alternative to the One-Way ANOVA: The Kruskal-Wallis H Test -- Summary -- Exercises -- Thought Questions -- Computer Exercises -- Bridge to SPSS -- Appendix: Proof That the Total Sum of Squares Is Equal to the Sum of the Between-Group and the Within-Group Sum of Squares -- Chapter 13 Multiple Comparisons -- Introduction.

Fisher's Protected t Tests and the Least Significant Difference (LSD) -- Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) -- Other Multiple Comparison Procedures -- Planned and Complex Comparisons -- Nonparametric Multiple Comparisons: The Protected Rank-Sum Test -- Summary -- Exercises -- Thought Questions -- Computer Exercises -- Bridge to SPSS -- Chapter 14 Introduction to Factorial Design: Two-Way Analysis of Variance -- Introduction -- Computational Procedures -- The Meaning of Interaction -- Following Up a Significant Interaction -- Measuring Effect Size in a Factorial ANOVA -- Summary -- Exercises -- Thought Questions -- Computer Exercises -- Bridge to SPSS -- Chapter 15 Repeated-Measures ANOVA -- Introduction -- Calculating the One-Way RM ANOVA -- Rationale for the RM ANOVA Error Term -- Assumptions and Other Considerations Involving the RM ANOVA -- The RM Versus RB Design: An Introduction to the Issues of Experimental Design -- The Two-Way Mixed Design -- Summary -- Exercises -- Thought Questions -- Computer Exercises -- Bridge to SPSS -- Part IV: Nonparametric Statistics for Categorical Data -- Chapter 16 Probability of Discrete Events and the Binomial Distribution -- Introduction -- Probability -- The Binomial Distribution -- The Sign Test for Matched Samples -- Summary -- Exercises -- Thought Questions -- Computer Exercises -- Bridge to SPSS -- Chapter 17 Chi-Square Tests -- Chi Square and the Goodness of Fit: One-Variable Problems -- Chi Square as a Test of Independence: Two-Variable Problems -- Measures of Strength of Association in Two-Variable Tables -- Summary -- Exercises -- Thought Questions -- Computer Exercises -- Bridge to SPSS -- Appendix -- Statistical Tables -- Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises -- Data From Ihno's Experiment -- Glossary of Terms -- References -- Index.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.