The Demographics of Innovation : Why Demographics Is a Key to the Innovation Race.

The Demographics of Innovation: Why Demographics is a Key to the Innovation Race -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- About the Author -- Introduction -- Part I: Theory and Policy -- Chapter 1: Global Demographic Trends -- Factors behind Ultra-Low Fertility Rates -- World's Population Forecast by Country -- Least Developed Countries and Africa -- Other Developing Countries -- Emerging Countries -- Developed Countries -- Religion, Culture, and Fertility Rates -- The West and Christian Countries -- Muslim Countries -- East Asian Countries -- Out-of-Wedlock Births -- Aging Trends -- Urbanization -- Chapter 2: Demographics and Innovation -- Economic Theory of Innovation -- Types of Innovation: Adaptive Innovation and Frontier Innovation -- Historical Trends of Innovation -- Social Changes Driven by Innovation -- Innovation Capabilities of Different Countries -- How to Promote Innovation? -- The Scale Effect -- The Agglomeration Effect -- The Aging Effect -- Other Factors that Can Enhance Innovation -- Trade Liberalization -- Anti-trust Policies to Encourage Competition -- Government Investment in Basic Research -- Investment in Military Technology -- Investment in Infrastructure -- Good Financial Market and Adequate Venture Capital -- Innovation and Education -- Chapter 3: Demographics and the Economy -- Low Fertility and Old-Age Support -- Low Fertility and Demographic Dividend/Deficit -- Can High Fertility Lower the Per Capita Asset Level? -- Can High Fertility Cause Unemployment? -- Robots, Unemployment, and Innovation -- A Little Bit of Economic Science Fiction -- Impact of Aging on Different Industries -- Entertainment and Tourism Industries -- Health Industry -- Financial Industry -- Real-Estate Industry -- Manufacturing Industry -- Energy and Commodities -- Demographics and Macroeconomy -- Demographics and Inequality.

Is Greater Equality Always Better? -- Global Inequality -- Long-Term Inequality Trends -- Immigration and Inequality -- Policy Choices to Reduce Inequality -- Chapter 4: Resource and Environment -- Natural Resources and Economic Growth -- Clean Energy -- World Food Production -- Will Water Become Scarce? -- Demographics and the Environment -- Air Pollution -- Urban Congestion -- Country Population and City Population -- Too Many People in Beijing? -- Planning for a Mega City Comprised of 30 Million People -- Chapter 5: Public Policy -- Recent Pro-fertility Policies in Developed Countries -- Reversal of Fertility Policy in Asia -- Analysis of Pro-fertility Policy -- Financial Support -- Daycare and Education Support -- Maternity Leave -- Building a Pro-fertility Culture -- Marriage Ratio and Out-of-Wedlock Births -- The Future of Pro-fertility Policies -- Immigration -- Welfare Immigrants -- Unskilled Immigrants -- Highly Skilled Immigrants -- Internal Migration -- The War for Talent -- Competition among Countries: Large Countries vs. Small Countries -- A Tale of Ctrip.com: An Analogy between Company Size and Country Size -- Policy Pitfall of a Large Country -- Policy Strategies of Small Countries -- Language Barrier and the English Advantage -- Trade vs. Immigration -- Brexit and Donald Trump's Presidency -- Education Reform -- Part II: The Race of Innovation -- Chapter 6: Japan -- The Aging of the Japanese Economy -- The Lost Decades -- The Aging of Japanese Firms -- The Aging of Japanese Society -- Chapter 7: China -- Will the Twenty-First Century be the Century of China? -- Risk of Transiting from Manufacturing to Service -- Risk of a Widening Income Gap -- Risk of Political Reform -- Environmental and Natural Resource Risk -- The Demographic Advantage of China -- The Aging of the Chinese Economy -- The Great Demographic Transition of China.

Drastic Demographic Change as a Result of the One-Child Policy -- Gender Imbalance -- The End of the One-Child Policy -- Forecasting China's Fertility Rate -- China to Adopt Pro-fertility Policy -- Deterioration of Demographics -- The Impact of Demographic Change on the Chinese Economy and Innovation -- Policy Suggestions -- Conclusion -- Chapter 8: The United States of America -- A History of Innovation in the United States -- Does the United States have an Inherent Advantage in Innovation? -- The Fertility Advantage -- Immigration Advantage -- Is Inequality a Problem? -- China vs. the United States -- Policy Recommendations -- Predicting the Effects of Donald Trump's Presidency -- The Thucydides Trap: A Conflict between China and the United States -- Chapter 9: Europe -- The Historical Innovation Champion -- Is it Too Early to Write Off Germany? -- Is the United Kingdom Different? -- Is Russia a Part of Europe? -- The Prospect of Innovation in Europe -- Fertility and Aging -- What is Causing the Difference in Fertility Rates? -- Immigration -- But What About the Skill Level of Immigrants? -- Muslim Immigration -- Brexit and the Future of the European Union -- Policy Recommendations -- Other Developed Countries -- Conclusion -- Chapter 10: India -- History of India -- Is India's Growth Sustainable? -- The Scale Advantage -- India's Infrastructure Problem -- Export and Balance of Trade -- Political System -- Poverty and Inequality -- Brain Drain or Brain Gain? -- Natural Resources -- The Environment -- Future Economic Outlook -- Other Developing Countries -- Conclusion -- Epilogue: Historical Competition Among Civilizations: An Essay on Transportation Technology, Demographics and the Race of Innovation -- References -- Index -- End User License Agreement.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.