Regional Cooperation in Amazonia : A Comparative Environmental Law Analysis.

Intro -- Regional Cooperation in Amazonia: A Comparative Environmental Law Analysis -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- List of Illustrations -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Geography of Amazonia -- 1.2 How to Define Amazonia -- 1.3 About This Book -- 2 History of Amazonia and Amazonian Deforestation -- 2.1 Occupation before Colonization -- 2.2 European Colonization -- 2.3 Independence -- 2.4 Military Regimes and Amazonian Occupation to Protect Borders -- 2.5 Reestablished Democracies -- 2.6 Conclusion -- 3 Threats to the Amazon Rainforest: Deforestation and Climate Change -- 3.1 Deforestation -- 3.2 Causes of Deforestation -- 3.2 Climate Change and Amazonia -- 3.4 Emissions in Amazonia -- 3.5 Conclusion -- 4 Early forms of Regional Cooperation: From Bilateral Agreements to Regional Integration -- 4.1 International Boundaries, Free Navigation, and Border Security -- 4.2 Environmental Agenda at the Global Level -- 4.3 Bilateral Agreements and the Idea for Binational Parks -- 4.4 Foundations of Regional Cooperation -- 4.5 Negotiations for an Amazon Club -- 4.6 Conclusion -- 5 First Period of Cooperation within the ACT's Framework (1978-1989): The Defensive-Protectionist Phase -- 5.1 Principles of the ACT -- 5.2 Territorial Scope of the ACT -- 5.3 Duration, Reservation and Dispute Resolution -- 5.4 Member Countries' Rights -- 5.5 Member Countries' Duties -- 5.6 Ratification -- 5.7 Institutional Structure of the ACT -- 5.8 Initial Development of Cooperation -- 5.9 Developments in International Forest Law -- 5.10 Conclusion -- 6 Second Period of Cooperation within the ACT's Framework (1989-1994): Boost and Political Strengthening -- 6.1 1989 Manaus Declaration -- 6.2 1992 Manaus Declaration -- 6.3 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), Rio de Janeiro.

6.4 Forest Certification -- 6.5 Institutional Development -- 6.6 Conclusion -- 7 Third Period of Cooperation within the ACT's Framework (1995-2002): Institutional Maturity -- 7.1 Institutional Development -- 7.2 The Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization -- 7.3 Financial Mechanism and External Assistance -- 7.4 Environmental Agenda -- 7.5 Developments in International Forest Law -- 7.6 Conclusion -- 8 Fourth Period of Cooperation within the ACT's Framework (2002-2009): Institutional Visibility -- 8.1 Institutional Development -- 8.2 The 2004-2012 Strategic Plan -- 8.3 Implementation of the Strategic Agenda -- 8.4 Institutional Crisis -- 8.5 Environmental Agenda -- 8.6 Developments in International Forest Law -- 8.7 Conclusion -- 9 Fifth Period of Cooperation within the ACT's Framework (2009-2017): Revitalizing the ACTO -- 9.1 Relaunch of the ACTO -- 9.2 Strategic Agenda of Amazon Cooperation (AECA) -- 9.3 Implementation of the Strategic Agenda -- 9.4 Environmental Agenda -- 9.5 Developments in International Forest Law -- 9.6 Conclusion -- 10 Critical Analysis of the ACT/ACTO -- 10.1 Should Forests be Regulated at the Regional Level? An Analysis of Forest Regulation at the Global, Regional, and National Levels -- 10.2 Is the ACTO the Appropriate Forum? -- 10.3 How Can the ACTO Achieve Tangible Results? -- 10.4 Experience from Brazil -- 10.5 Conclusion -- 11 Environmental Protection -- 11.1 Gaps in Regional Cooperation -- 11.2 Substantive Right to the Environment -- 11.3 Individual Duty to Protect the Environment -- 11.4 State's Duty to Protect the Environment -- 11.5 Balance between Economic Development and Environmental Protection -- 11.6 Constitutional Protection of the Amazon Rainforest -- 11.7 Conclusion -- 12 Protected Areas -- 12.1 Protected Areas and Indigenous Territories in Amazon Countries.

12.2 Deforestation in Protected Areas and Indigenous Territories -- 12.3 The Case for a Regional Effort for Protected Areas -- 12.4 Existing Regional Approaches for Protected Areas -- 12.5 Brazil's Amazon Region Protected Areas Program (ARPA) -- 12.6 Transboundary Protected Areas (TBPA) -- 12.7 Privately Protected Areas -- 12.8 Conclusion -- 13 Financial Mechanisms -- 13.1 Colombia's Amazon Vision -- 13.2 Brazil's Amazon Fund -- 13.3 Guyana-Norway Partnership -- 13.4 Ecuador's Yasuní-ITT Initiative -- 13.5 Ecuador's Socio Bosque Program -- 13.6 Conclusion -- 14 Stakeholders in Amazonia -- 14.1 Relevance of Stakeholders -- 14.2 Environmental Institutions in Amazon Countries -- 14.3 Amazonian Research Institutions -- 14.4 National Institutions Participating in Regional Cooperation -- 14.5 Participation of Third Parties and the Role of Multiple Stakeholders -- 14.6 Conclusion -- Appendices -- Appendix 1: Amazon Cooperation Treaty -- Appendix 2: Protocol of Amendment of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty -- Appendix 3: Declarations of Presidents of Amazon Countries -- Index.

In Regional Cooperation in Amazonia: A Comparative Environmental Law Analysis, Maria Antonia Tigre investigates efforts in regional cooperation for the protection of the Amazonian ecosystem by the eight countries in which the world's largest rainforest lies.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.