Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Diabetes and Obesity volume 3.

Intro -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- List of Contributors -- Exendin-4 and Its Derivatives for Diabetes and Obesity: Old Story and New Hope -- INTRODUCTION -- The Discovery of Exendin-4 -- Fundamental Aspects of Exendin-4 -- Present Status of Exendin-4 for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes -- INTERACTION OF EXENDIN-4 WITH GLP-1 RECEPTOR -- GLP-1 Receptor and Its Dimerization -- Exendin-4 Binding to GLP-1 Receptor -- MODIFICATION OF EXENDIN-4 AND RELATED APPLICATIONS -- Improved Stability and Binding Affinity -- Improved Oral Bioavailability -- Vitamin Conjugation -- Low Molecular Weight Chitosan Conjugation -- Cholera Toxin B Subunit Fusion -- Extended Half-life and Long Acting Preparations -- Dimeric Exendin-4 -- Bile Acid Conjugation -- Poly (Ethylene Glycol) Conjugation -- Human Serum Albumin Conjugation -- Albumin-Binding Domain Conjugation -- Hyaluronate Conjugation -- Mixed Strategies -- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- The Growth Hormone/Insulin-like Growth Factor System in the Management of Diabetes and Obesity -- INTRODUCTION -- Overview of the GH/IGF System -- Metabolic Actions of the GH/IGF System -- THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS -- Obesity -- Severe Insulin Resistance -- Type 2 Diabetes -- Type 1 Diabetes -- CONCLUSION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Insulin, Cardiovascular Function and Long-Term Diabetic Complications -- INTRODUCTION -- The Role of Hyperglycemia -- Insulin and Muscle Capillary Function -- Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity -- Insulin and Capillary Recruitment -- NO, Nitric Oxide, Endothelium-derived Relaxing Factor -- Insulin, Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow and Obesity -- Kidney: Insulin and Albumin Excretion -- Kidney: Albumin Excretion and Diabetic Nephropathy -- Long-term Diabetic Complications -- Drug Discovery Science -- CONCLUSION.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Pharmacological Relevance of Novel Biomarkers Associated with Diabetes-mellitus Related Infertility -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. TESTICULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY -- 2.1. Sertoli Cells: Morphology and Structure -- 2.2. Spermatogenesis: A Brief Overview -- 2.3. Regulation of Spermatogenesis -- 2.3.1. Hormonal Control of Spermatogenesis -- 3. TESTICULAR METABOLIC CO-OPERATION -- 3.1. The Metabolism of Sertoli Cells -- 3.2. The Metabolic Support of Developing Germ Cells -- 3.3. The Metabolic Requirements of Spermatozoa: Considerations about Glucose Metabolism -- 4. IMPACT OF DIABETIC STAGES IN MALE FERTILITY -- 4.1. Glycemic Trajectories: From the High-risk State to the Established Diabetes Mellitus -- 4.2. The Effects of Diabetes Mellitus in Male Fertility: A Clinical Perspective -- 5. DIABETES MELLITUS AS A THREAT FOR TESTICULAR METABOLISM -- 5.1. Testicular Oxidative Stress Induced by Progressive Diabetic Stages -- 6. TESTICULAR METABOLIC CO-OPERATION AS POTENTIAL PHARMACOLOGIC TARGET TO COUNTERACT DIABETES MELLITUS - ASSOCIATED SUBFERTILITY AND INFERTILITY -- 7. INSIGHTS IN THE EPIGENETIC OUTCOMES OF DIABETES MELLITUS ON MALE FERTILITY -- CONCLUSION -- ABBREVIATIONS -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Adipocytokines as Markers of Insulin Resistance -- 1. OBESITY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF OBESITY -- 1.1. Diagnostic Tools that Help Diagnose Obesity -- 1.2. Obesity Types -- 1.2.1. Simple Obesity -- 1.2.2. Secondary Obesity -- 1.2.3. Abdominal Obesity and Gluteal-femoral Obesity -- 2. OBESITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS -- 3. INSULIN RESISTANCE -- 4. GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO OBESITY -- 5. ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION -- 6. LIPID METABOLISM DISORDERS -- 7. ADIPOKINES AS MARKERS OF INSULIN RESISTANCE -- 7.1. Leptin.

7.2. Adiponectin -- 7.3. Resistin -- 7.4. Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) -- 7.5. Visfatin -- 7.6. Omentin -- 7.7. Chemerin -- 7.8. Vaspin -- 7.9. Apelin -- 8. ADIPOSE TISSUE CELLS -- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SUBJECT INDEX.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.