Frontiers in Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Volume 3.

Intro -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- List of Contributors -- P2Y12-Receptor Antagonists and the Concept of Tailored Strategy -- INTRODUCTION -- ADP RECEPTORS -- P2Y12 RECEPTOR -- P2Y12 INHIBITORS -- Thienopyridines -- Ticlopidine -- Clopidogrel -- Prasugrel -- Ticagrelor -- Cangrelor -- Elinogrel -- BX 667 -- THE CONCEPT OF PERSONALIZED THERAPY -- Factors Influencing Clopidogrel Variability -- Anti-Platelet Function Testing -- Platelet Aggregometry -- Flow Cytometry -- Shear-Dependent Assay -- Platelet Counting -- Thrombelastography -- Anti-Platelet Function Testing &amp -- Clinical Impact -- Genotype Testing -- Genetic Testing &amp -- Clinical Impact -- Inter-Individual Variability of New P2Y12 Inhibitors -- Personalized Therapy -- CONCLUSION -- ABBREVIATIONS -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Evolution of Heart Failure Pharmacotherapy -- INTRODUCTION -- CHRONIC SYSTOLIC HEART FAILURE -- β-Blockers -- Beta Blockers and Special Populations -- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) -- Diuretics -- Aldosterone Antagonists -- Digoxin -- Hydralazine/Isosorbide Dinitrate -- Ivabradine -- Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) -- Statins -- ACUTE DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE -- Classification -- Management -- Diuretics -- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) -- β-blockers -- Aldosterone Antagonists -- Vasopressin Antagonists -- Vasodilators -- Natriuretic Peptides -- Inotropes -- Novel Agents for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure in Development -- HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION -- β-Blockers -- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) -- Calcium Channel Blockers -- Digoxin -- Aldosterone Antagonists -- MISCELLANEOUS DRUG THERAPIES -- CONCLUSION -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.

REFERENCES -- Vasopressin and the Cardiovascular System: Receptor Physiology and Clinical Implications -- INTRODUCTION -- HISTORICAL ASPECTS -- PHYSIOLOGY OF VASOPRESSIN -- Structure of Vasopressin and Related Peptides -- Structure of Vasopressin -- Structure of Related Peptides -- Synthesis of Vasopressin -- Metabolism -- Factors Affecting Vasopressin Release -- Osmoregulation -- Baroregulation -- Neurohormonal Stimuli -- Plasma Levels of Vasopressin -- Vasopressin Levels in Health -- Vasopressin Levels During Illness -- Measurement of Plasma Vasopressin Levels -- Vasopressin Receptors -- Receptor Structure -- Receptor Subtypes -- V1A Receptor -- V1B or V3 Receptor -- V2 Receptor -- Oxytocin Receptor -- Purinergic Receptors -- Down Regulation of Vasopressin Receptors -- Systemic Effects of Vasopressin -- Renal Effects -- Vasoconstrictor Effects -- Vasodilator Effects -- Effects of Vasopressin on Heart -- Endocrine Effects -- Effects on Coagulation System -- Other Effects -- Therapeutic Applications of Vasopressin -- Nocturnal Enuresis -- Diabetes Insipidus -- Bleeding Abnormalities -- Oesophageal Varices Haemorrhage -- Abdominal Distension &amp -- Abdominal X-ray -- Vasodilatory Shock States -- Hemorrhagic Shock -- Other Uses -- Future -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Clinical Review Focusing on Therapeutic Strategies -- CONCEPT OF CEREBRAL SMALL VESSEL DISEASE -- ANATOMY OF CEREBRAL SMALL VESSELS -- Central System -- Cortical System -- Conducting Arteries -- Distributing Arteries -- CLASSIFICATION OF CEREBRAL SMALL VESSEL DISEASES -- PATHOLOGY OF TYPES 1 AND 2 CEREBRAL SMALL VESSEL DISEASES -- Type 1 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (Arteriolosclerosis) -- Vascular Changes -- Parenchymatous Changes -- Type 2 Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (Sporadic and Hereditary Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy).

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF CEREBRAL SMALL VESSEL DISEASE -- Deep Brain Infarcts -- White Matter Lesions -- Deep Intracerebral Haemorrhages -- Cerebral Microbleeds -- Others Markers of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Brain Atrophy and Enlarged Perivascular Spaces -- DIAGNOSIS OF CEREBRAL SMALL VESSEL DISEASE -- Imaging Studies -- Computed Tomography -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Transcranial Doppler Study -- Biomarkers as In-vivo Markers of Small Vessel Disease -- TREATMENT OF CEREBRAL SMALL VESSEL DISEASE -- Ischemic Stroke Caused by Small Vessel Disease: Acute Treatment and Secondary Prevention -- Thrombolysis -- Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease -- Symptomatic Treatment of Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease -- Memantine -- Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors -- Other Drugs -- Novel Approaches For Treatment of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease -- CONCLUSIONS -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Complement Blocking Therapeutic Strategies: A Prospective Approach for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases -- 1. COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION CASCADE AND PATHWAYS -- 1.1. Classical Pathway of Complement Activation -- 1.2. Mannose-Binding Lectin (MBL) Pathway -- 1.3. Alternative Pathway of Complement Activation -- 1.4. Complement Anaphylatoxins -- 1.5. Complement Anaphylatoxin Receptors -- 2. NATURALLY OCCURRING COMPLEMENT INHIBITORS AND REGULATORS -- 2.1. Natural Regulators at the Early level of Complement Activation -- C1-Esterase Inhibitor -- 2.2. Natural Regulators at the C3-Convertase Level -- Complement Receptors (CRs) -- 2.3. Natural Regulators at the C5-Convertase Level -- 3. COMPLEMENT INHIBITORS/REGULATORS AS THERAPEUTICS -- 3.1. C1-esterase Inhibitor (C1-INH) -- 3.2. Inhibitors at the C3 Convertase Level -- CR2-fH and mAb 1379.

3.3. Inhibitors at the C5 Convertase Level and Formation of MAC -- Pexelizumab and Eculizumab -- 4. COMPLEMENT SYSTEM IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS-RELEVANT CELL TYPES -- 4.1. Complement Activation in Vascular Endothelial Cells -- 4.2. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and the Complement Activation -- 4.3. Macrophages and Complement Activation -- 4.4. Interplay between Platelets and the Complement Cascade -- 4.5. Lipids and Complement -- 5. COMPLEMENT SYSTEM IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS -- 5.1. Atherosclerosis and Complement-mediated Effects in the Vasculature -- 5.2. Targeting Complement System in Experimental Atherosclerosis -- 5.3. Intervening Human Atherosclerosis via Complement Blocking Strategies -- 5.4. Complement As Circulating Biomarkers -- 6. COMPLEMENT AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION -- 6.1. Complement System is Activated in Myocardial Infarction -- 6.2. Complement Inhibition with C1-INH by MI and Myocardial IR-Injury -- 6.3. Complement Inhibition at C3 Convertase Level in MI -- 6.4. Complement Inhibition at C5 level with Anti-C5 Antibodies (Eculizumab) in MI -- 6.5. Inhibiting MBL-Pathway -- 6.6. Complement Inhibition at Effector Levels using C5a Receptor 1 Inhibitors -- 7. FUTURE OF COMPLEMENT INHIBITING THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- New Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Agents: Towards Recognition and Reduction of Gastrointestinal Harm -- INTRODUCTION -- PHARMACOLOGY OF AVAILABLE ANTIPLATELET AGENTS -- Aspirin -- Thienopyridines- Clopidogrel, Prasugrel, and Ticagrelor -- BLEEDING RISK OF AVAILABLE ANTIPLATELET AGENTS -- Aspirin -- Thienopyridines- Clopidogrel, Prasugrel, and Ticagrelor -- Current Strategies Towards Recognition and Reduction of Gastrointestinal Harm -- Chemoprophylaxis - Who to Treat? What Agents to Use? What is the Role of Helicobacter Pylori? -- PHARMACOLOGY OF TRADITIONAL AND NOVEL ANTI-COAGULANTS.

Warfarin -- Direct Thrombin Inhibitors - Dabigatran -- Factor Xa Inhibitors - Rivaroxaban and Apixaban -- BLEEDING RISK OF TRADITIONAL AND NOVEL ANTICOAGULANTS -- Warfarin -- Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, and Apixaban -- Drug Monitoring (nOACs) -- Reversal Strategies and Clinical Management of nOACs -- CONCLUSION -- ABBREVIATIONS -- CONFLICT OF INTEREST -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SUBJECT INDEX.

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