Radiobiology for the Radiologist.

Intro -- Preface to the First Edition -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- SECTION I For Students of Diagnostic Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Radiation Oncology -- 1 Physics and Chemistry of Radiation Absorption -- TYPES OF IONIZING RADIATIONS -- Electromagnetic Radiations -- Particulate Radiations -- ABSORPTION OF X-RAYS -- DIRECT AND INDIRECT ACTION OF RADIATION -- ABSORPTION OF NEUTRONS -- ABSORPTION OF PROTONS AND HEAVIER IONS SUCH AS CARBON -- SUMMARY OF PERTINENT CONCLUSIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 2 Molecular Mechanisms of DNA and Chromosome Damage and Repair -- GENERAL OVERVIEW OF DNA STRAND BREAKS -- MEASURING DNA STRAND BREAKS -- DNA REPAIR PATHWAYS -- Base Excision Repair -- Nucleotide Excision Repair -- DNA Double-Strand Break Repair -- Nonhomologous End-Joining -- Homologous Recombination Repair -- Crosslink Repair -- Mismatch Repair -- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DNA DAMAGE AND CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS -- CHROMOSOMES AND CELL DIVISION -- THE ROLE OF TELOMERES -- RADIATION-INDUCED CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS -- EXAMPLES OF RADIATION-INDUCED ABERRATIONS -- CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS IN HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES -- SUMMARY OF PERTINENT CONCLUSIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 3 Cell Survival Curves -- REPRODUCTIVE INTEGRITY -- THE IN VITRO SURVIVAL CURVE -- THE SHAPE OF THE SURVIVAL CURVE -- MECHANISMS OF CELL KILLING -- DNA as the Target -- The Bystander Effect -- Apoptotic and Mitotic Death -- Autophagic Cell Death -- Senescence -- SURVIVAL CURVES FOR VARIOUS MAMMALIAN CELLS IN CULTURE -- SURVIVAL CURVE SHAPE AND MECHANISMS OF CELL DEATH -- ONCOGENES AND RADIORESISTANCE -- GENETIC CONTROL OF RADIOSENSITIVITY -- INTRINSIC RADIOSENSITIVITY AND CANCER STEM CELLS -- EFFECTIVE SURVIVAL CURVE FOR A MULTIFRACTION REGIMEN -- CALCULATIONS OF TUMOR CELL KILL -- Problem 1 -- Answer -- Problem 2 -- Answer -- Problem 3 -- Answer -- Problem 4 -- Answer.

THE RADIOSENSITIVITY OF MAMMALIAN CELLS COMPARED WITH MICROORGANISMS -- SUMMARY OF PERTINENT CONCLUSIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 4 Radiosensitivity and Cell Age in the Mitotic Cycle -- THE CELL CYCLE -- SYNCHRONOUSLY DIVIDING CELL CULTURES -- THE EFFECT OF X-RAYS ON SYNCHRONOUSLY DIVIDING CELL CULTURES -- MOLECULAR CHECKPOINT GENES -- THE EFFECT OF OXYGEN AT VARIOUS PHASES OF THE CELL CYCLE -- THE AGE-RESPONSE FUNCTION FOR A TISSUE IN VIVO -- VARIATION OF SENSITIVITY WITH CELL AGE FOR HIGH-LINEAR ENERGY TRANSFER RADIATIONS -- MECHANISMS FOR THE AGE-RESPONSE FUNCTION -- THE POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS OF THE AGE-RESPONSE FUNCTION IN RADIOTHERAPY -- SUMMARY OF PERTINENT CONCLUSIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 5 Fractionated Radiation and the Dose-Rate Effect -- OPERATIONAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF RADIATION DAMAGE -- Potentially Lethal Damage Repair -- Sublethal Damage Repair -- MECHANISM OF SUBLETHAL DAMAGE REPAIR -- REPAIR AND RADIATION QUALITY -- THE DOSE-RATE EFFECT -- EXAMPLES OF THE DOSE-RATE EFFECT IN VITRO AND IN VIVO -- THE INVERSE DOSE-RATE EFFECT -- THE DOSE-RATE EFFECT SUMMARIZED -- BRACHYTHERAPY OR ENDOCURIETHERAPY -- Intracavitary Brachytherapy -- Permanent Interstitial Implants -- SUMMARY OF PERTINENT CONCLUSIONS -- Potentially Lethal Damage Repair -- Sublethal Damage Repair -- Dose-Rate Effect -- Brachytherapy -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 6 Oxygen Effect and Reoxygenation -- THE NATURE OF THE OXYGEN EFFECT -- THE TIME AT WHICH OXYGEN ACTS AND THE MECHANISM OF THE OXYGEN EFFECT -- THE CONCENTRATION OF OXYGEN REQUIRED -- CHRONIC AND ACUTE HYPOXIA -- Chronic Hypoxia -- Acute Hypoxia -- THE FIRST EXPERIMENTAL DEMONSTRATION OF HYPOXIC CELLS IN A TUMOR -- PROPORTION OF HYPOXIC CELLS IN VARIOUS ANIMAL TUMORS -- EVIDENCE FOR HYPOXIA IN HUMAN TUMORS -- TECHNIQUES TO MEASURE TUMOR OXYGENATION -- Oxygen Probe Measurements -- Markers of Hypoxia -- REOXYGENATION.

TIME SEQUENCE OF REOXYGENATION -- MECHANISM OF REOXYGENATION -- THE IMPORTANCE OF REOXYGENATION IN RADIOTHERAPY -- HYPOXIA AND CHEMORESISTANCE -- HYPOXIA AND TUMOR PROGRESSION -- SUMMARY OF PERTINENT CONCLUSIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 7 Linear Energy Transfer and Relative Biologic Effectiveness -- THE DEPOSITION OF RADIANT ENERGY -- LINEAR ENERGY TRANSFER -- RELATIVE BIOLOGIC EFFECTIVENESS -- RELATIVE BIOLOGIC EFFECTIVENESS AND FRACTIONATED DOSES -- RELATIVE BIOLOGIC EFFECTIVENESS FOR DIFFERENT CELLS AND TISSUES -- RELATIVE BIOLOGIC EFFECTIVENESS AS A FUNCTION OF LINEAR ENERGY TRANSFER -- THE OPTIMAL LINEAR ENERGY TRANSFER -- FACTORS THAT DETERMINE RELATIVE BIOLOGIC EFFECTIVENESS -- THE OXYGEN EFFECT AND LINEAR ENERGY TRANSFER -- RADIATION WEIGHTING FACTOR -- SUMMARY OF PERTINENT CONCLUSIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 8 Acute Radiation Syndrome -- ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME -- EARLY LETHAL EFFECTS -- THE PRODROMAL RADIATION SYNDROME -- THE CEREBROVASCULAR SYNDROME -- THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYNDROME -- THE HEMATOPOIETIC SYNDROME -- THE FIRST AND MOST RECENT DEATHS FROM THE HEMATOPOIETIC SYNDROME -- PULMONARY SYNDROME -- CUTANEOUS RADIATION INJURY -- SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME -- TREATMENT OF RADIATION ACCIDENT VICTIMS EXPOSED TO DOSES CLOSE TO THE LD -- TRIAGE -- SURVIVORS OF SERIOUS RADIATION ACCIDENTS IN THE UNITED STATES -- RADIATION EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE CENTER -- SUMMARY OF PERTINENT CONCLUSIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 9 Medical Countermeasures to Radiation Exposure -- INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONS -- THE DISCOVERY OF RADIOPROTECTORS -- MECHANISM OF ACTION -- DEVELOPMENT OF MORE EFFECTIVE COMPOUNDS -- AMIFOSTINE (WR-2721) AS A RADIOPROTECTOR IN RADIOTHERAPY -- AMIFOSTINE AS A PROTECTOR AGAINST RADIATION-INDUCED CANCER -- A NEW FAMILY OF AMINOTHIOL RADIOPROTECTORS -- RADIATION MITIGATORS -- RADIONUCLIDE ELIMINATORS.

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS AS COUNTERMEASURES TO RADIATION -- SUMMARY OF PERTINENT CONCLUSIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 10 Radiation Carcinogenesis -- TISSUE REACTIONS (DETERMINISTIC EFFECTS) AND STOCHASTIC EFFECTS -- CARCINOGENESIS: THE HUMAN EXPERIENCE -- THE LATENT PERIOD -- ASSESSING THE RISK -- COMMITTEES CONCERNED WITH RISK ESTIMATES AND RADIATION PROTECTION -- RADIATION-INDUCED CANCER IN HUMAN POPULATIONS -- Leukemia -- Thyroid Cancer -- Breast Cancer -- Lung Cancer -- Bone Cancer -- Skin Cancer -- QUANTITATIVE RISK ESTIMATES FOR RADIATION-INDUCED CANCER -- DOSE AND DOSE-RATE EFFECTIVENESS FACTOR -- SUMMARY OF RISK ESTIMATES -- SECOND MALIGNANCIES IN RADIOTHERAPY PATIENTS -- Second Cancers after Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer -- Radiation Therapy for Carcinoma of the Cervix -- Second Cancers among Long-Term Survivors from Hodgkin Disease -- DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP FOR RADIATION CARCINOGENESIS AT HIGH DOSES -- CANCER RISKS IN NUCLEAR INDUSTRY WORKERS -- EXTRAPOLATING CANCER RISKS FROM HIGH TO LOW DOSES -- MORTALITY PATTERNS IN RADIOLOGISTS -- CHILDHOOD CANCER AFTER RADIATION EXPOSURE IN UTERO -- NONNEOPLASTIC DISEASE AND RADIATION -- SUMMARY OF PERTINENT CONCLUSIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 11 Heritable Effects of Radiation -- GERM CELL PRODUCTION AND RADIATION EFFECTS ON FERTILITY -- REVIEW OF BASIC GENETICS -- MUTATIONS -- Mendelian -- Chromosomal Changes -- Multifactorial -- RADIATION-INDUCED HERITABLE EFFECTS IN FRUIT FLIES -- RADIATION-INDUCED HERITABLE EFFECTS IN MICE -- RADIATION-INDUCED HERITABLE EFFECTS IN HUMANS -- INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION ESTIMATES OF HEREDITARY RISKS -- MUTATIONS IN THE CHILDREN OF THE A-BOMB SURVIVORS -- CHANGING CONCERNS FOR RISKS -- EPIGENETICS -- Imprinted Genes -- SUMMARY OF PERTINENT CONCLUSIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 12 Effects of Radiation on the Embryo and Fetus -- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE.

OVERVIEW OF RADIATION EFFECTS ON THE EMBRYO AND FETUS -- DATA FROM MICE AND RATS -- Preimplantation -- Organogenesis -- The Fetal Period -- EXPERIENCE IN HUMANS -- Survivors of the A-Bomb Attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Irradiated In Utero -- Exposure to Medical Radiation -- COMPARISON OF HUMAN AND ANIMAL DATA -- CANCER IN CHILDHOOD AFTER IRRADIATION IN UTERO -- OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE OF WOMEN -- THE PREGNANT OR POTENTIALLY PREGNANT PATIENT -- SUMMARY OF PERTINENT CONCLUSIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 13 Radiation Cataractogenesis -- CATARACTS OF THE OCULAR LENS -- LENS OPACIFICATION IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS -- RADIATION CATARACTS IN HUMANS -- THE LATENT PERIOD -- DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP FOR CATARACTS IN HUMANS -- SUMMARY OF PERTINENT CONCLUSIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 14 Radiologic Terrorism -- POSSIBLE SCENARIOS FOR RADIOLOGIC TERRORISM -- AVAILABILITY OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL -- HEALTH EFFECTS OF RADIATION -- EXTERNAL EXPOSURE TO RADIATION AND CONTAMINATION WITH RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS -- EXTERNAL CONTAMINATION -- INTERNAL CONTAMINATION -- MEDICAL MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN THE EVENT OF RADIOLOGIC TERRORISM -- FURTHER INFORMATION -- SUMMARY OF PERTINENT CONCLUSIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- 15 Doses and Risks in Diagnostic Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Cardiology, and Nuclear Medicine -- DOSES FROM NATURAL BACKGROUND RADIATION -- Cosmic Radiation -- Natural Radioactivity in the Earth's Crust -- Internal Exposure -- Areas of High Natural Background -- COMPARISON OF RADIATION DOSES FROM NATURAL SOURCES AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES -- DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY -- Dose -- Effective Dose -- Collective Effective Dose -- INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY AND CARDIOLOGY -- Patient Doses and Effective Doses -- Dose to Personnel -- NUCLEAR MEDICINE -- Historical Perspective -- Effective Dose and Collective Effective Dose -- Principles in Nuclear Medicine -- Positron Emission Tomography.

The Therapeutic Use of Radionuclides.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.