Practical Handbook of Marine Science.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Author -- Chapter 1: Physiography -- I: Ocean Provinces -- A. Ocean Dimensions -- B. Physiographic Provinces -- 1. Continental Margin Province -- 2. Deep-Ocean Basin Province -- 3. Mid-Ocean Ridge Province -- C. Benthic and Pelagic Provinces -- 1. Benthic Province -- 2. Pelagic Province -- II: Conclusions -- References -- 1.1. General Features of the Earth -- References -- References -- 1.2. General Characteristics of the Oceans -- 1.3. Appendices, Conversion Factors, Measures, and Units -- Chapter 2: Marine Chemistry -- I: Seawater Composition -- A. Major Constituents -- B. Minor and Trace Elements -- C. Nutrient Elements -- 1. Nitrogen -- 2. Phosphorus -- 3. Silicon -- D. Gases -- E. Organic Compounds -- F. Dissolved Constituent Behavior -- G. Vertical Profiles -- 1. Conservative Profile -- 2. Nutrient-Type Profile -- 3. Surface Enrichment and Depletion at Depth -- 4. Mid-Depth Minima -- 5. Mid-Depth Maxima -- 6. Mid-Depth Maxima or Minima in the Suboxic Layer (~1 km) -- 7. Maxima and Minima in Anoxic Waters -- H. Salinity -- II: Conclusions -- References -- 2.1. Periodic Table -- References -- 2.2. Composition of Seawater -- References -- 2.3. Properties of Seawater -- References -- 2.4. Atmospheric and Fluvial Fluxes -- 2.5. Trace Elements -- 2.6. Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Chemistry -- 2.7. Organic Matter -- 2.8. Decomposition of Organic Matter -- 2.9. Oxygen -- 2.10. Nutrients -- 2.11. Carbon Dioxide -- 2.12. Calcium Carbonate -- Chapter 3: Physical Oceanography -- I: Introduction -- II: Seawater Properties -- A. Temperature -- B. Salinity -- C. Density -- III: Open Ocean Circulation -- A. Wind-Driven Circulation -- 1. Ocean Gyres -- 2. Meanders, Eddies, and Rings -- 3. Equatorial Currents -- 4. Antarctic Circumpolar Current.

5. Convergences and Divergences -- 6. Ekman Transport, Upwelling, and Downwelling -- 7. Langmuir Circulation -- B. Surface Water Circulation -- 1. Atlantic Ocean -- 2. Pacific Ocean -- 3. Indian Ocean -- 4. Southern Ocean -- 5. Arctic Ocean -- C. Thermohaline Circulation -- 1. Atlantic Ocean -- 2. Pacific Ocean -- 3. Indian Ocean -- 4. Arctic Ocean -- IV: Estuarine and Coastal Ocean Circulation -- A. Estuaries -- B. Coastal Ocean -- 1. Currents -- 2. Fronts -- 3. Waves -- V: Physical Oceanography Instrumentation -- VI: Conclusions -- References -- 3.1. Light -- 3.2. Temperature -- 3.3. Salinity -- 3.4. Density -- 3.5. Tides -- 3.6. Wind -- 3.7. Waves and Their Properties -- 3.8. Coastal Waves and Currents -- 3.9. Estuarine Circulation -- 3.10. Ocean Circulation -- 3.11. Direct and Remote Sensing Oceanographic Applications -- 3.12. Sampling Platforms -- Chapter 4: Marine Geology -- I: Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Basins -- II: Seafloor Topographic Features -- A. Mid-Ocean Ridges -- B. Deep Ocean Floor -- 1. Abyssal Hills -- 2. Abyssal Plains -- 3. Seamounts -- 4. Aseismic Ridges -- 5. Deep-Sea Trenches -- C. Continental Margins -- 1. Continental Shelf -- 2. Continental Slope -- 3. Continental Rise -- III: Sediments -- A. Deep Ocean Floor -- 1. Terrigenous Sediment -- 2. Biogenous Sediment -- 3. Pelagic Sediment Distribution -- 4. Authigenic Sediment -- 5. Volcanogenic Sediment -- 6. Cosmogenic Sediment -- 7. Deep-Sea Sediment Thickness -- B. Continental Margins -- 1. Continental Shelves -- 2. Continental Slopes and Rises -- IV: Conclusions -- References -- 4.1. Astronomical and Earth Properties -- 4.2. Ocean Basins -- 4.3. Plate Tectonics, Mid-Ocean Ridges, and Ocean Crust Formation -- 4.4. Hydrothermal Vents -- 4.5. Lava Flows and Seamounts -- 4.6. Submarine Canyons and Oceanic Trenches -- 4.7. Heat Flow -- 4.8. Continental Margins.

4.9. Continental Shelves, Beaches, and Estuaries -- 4.10. Mineral Deposits and Marine Sediments -- Chapter 5: Marine Biology -- I: Introduction -- II: Trophic Relationships -- III: Marine Microbes -- A. Archaea -- B. Bacteria -- C. Fungi -- D. Viruses -- IV: Phytoplankton -- A. Major Taxonomic Groups -- 1. Diatoms -- 2. Dinoflagellates -- 3. Coccolithophores -- 4. Silicoflagellates -- B. Primary Production -- V: Zooplankton -- A. Zooplankton Classification -- 1. Taxonomic Groups -- 2. Classification by Size -- 3. Classification by Length of Planktonic Life -- B. Zooplankton Vertical Distribution -- VI: Benthos -- A. Benthic Flora -- 1. Salt Marshes -- 2. Seagrasses -- 3. Mangroves -- B. Benthic Fauna -- 1. Spatial Distribution -- 2. Reproduction and Larval Dispersal -- 3. Feeding Strategies, Burrowing, and Bioturbation -- 4. Biomass and Species Diversity -- VII: Nekton -- A. Fish -- 1. Representative Fish Faunas -- B. Crustaceans and Cephalopods -- C. Marine Mammals -- D. Marine Reptiles -- E. Seabirds -- VIII: Conclusions -- References -- 5.1. Primary Production in Marine Systems -- References -- 5.2. Primary Production and Distribution of Coastal Wetlands and Seaweeds -- 5.3. Bacteria -- 5.4. Marine Plankton -- 5.5. Protozoans -- 5.6. Benthic Flora -- 5.7. Benthic Fauna -- 5.8. Nekton -- 5.9. Food Webs -- 5.10. Carbon Flow -- 5.11. Coastal Systems -- 5.12. Deep-Sea Systems -- Chapter 6: Anthropogenic Effects -- I: Introduction -- II: Marine Pollution -- III: Types of Anthropogenic Impacts -- A. Habitat Loss and Alteration -- B. Development and Shoreline Hardening -- C. Eutrophication -- D. Organic Wastes -- E. Chemical Contaminants -- 1. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) -- 2. Halogenated Hydrocarbons -- 3. Metals -- 4. Radioactive Waste -- F. Oil, Natural Gas, and Electric Power Generation -- 1. Oil Pollution -- 2. Hydraulic Fracking.

3. Electric Generating Stations -- G. Marine Mining and Shipping -- 1. Marine Mining -- 2. Shipping -- H. Human-Altered Hydrological Regimes -- I. Dredging and Dredged-Material Disposal -- J. Introduced/Invasive Species -- K. Overfishing -- L. Mariculture -- M. Human-induced Sediment/Particulate Inputs -- N. Floatables/Solid Waste/Plastics -- O. Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise -- IV: Conclusions -- References -- 6.1. Sources of Marine Pollution -- 6.2. Watershed Effects -- 6.3. Contaminant Effects on Organisms -- 6.4. Nutrients -- 6.5. Organic Carbon -- 6.6. Blue Carbon Sequestration -- 6.7. Pathogens -- 6.8. Oil -- 6.9. Stockholm Convention on Persistant Organic Pollutants -- 6.10. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) -- 6.11. Halogenated Hydrocarbons -- 6.12. Heavy Metals -- 6.13. Radioactive Substances -- 6.14. Dredging and Dredged Material Disposal -- Chapter 7: Climate Change -- I: Introduction -- II: Climate Reconstruction -- III: Climate Change Factors -- IV: Climate Change Effects -- A. Warming Oceans -- B. Melting Ice Sheets and Mountain Glaciers -- C. Arctic Sea Ice -- D. Sea Level Rise -- V: Climate Change Consequences -- A. Coastal Communities -- B. Marine Ecosystems -- VI: Conclusions -- References -- 7.1. Drivers of Climate Change -- 7.2. Temperature Changes -- 7.3. Ice Loss -- 7.4. Sea Level Rise -- 7.5. Organism Responses -- 7.6. Shoreline Restoration -- Index.

The heavily-revised Practical Handbook of Marine Science, Fourth Edition continues its tradition as a state-of-the-art reference that updates the field of marine science to meet the interdisciplinary research needs of physical oceanographers, marine biologists, marine chemists, and marine geologists. Now published in full color.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.