Demographic Change in Uruguay : Economic Opportunities and Challenges.

Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- About the Editors -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 Demographic Change and Social Policies in Uruguay -- Introduction -- Uruguay's Demography: 1950-2100 -- Income and Consumption Profiles and Their Impact on Social Spending -- The Impacts on Macroeconomics: The Challenge of Productivity -- Conclusions and Policy Challenges -- Structure of the Book -- Notes -- Reference -- Chapter 2 Current and Future Uruguayan Demographics -- Introduction -- Demographics: Past and Present -- Projections under Different Scenarios -- Dependency Ratios and the Demographic Dividend -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 National Transfer Accounts -- Introduction -- The Economic Life Cycle -- Public Transfers by Age Group -- The Effects of Demographic Change on the Support Ratio and the Public Accounts -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 4 Social Protection in a Demographic Transition -- Introduction -- Social Protection in Uruguay -- Income Transfers and Poverty -- Profile of Social Protection Beneficiaries in 2013 -- The Future of Social Protection -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 5 Population Aging and Challenges for Health Care -- Introduction -- A Brief Description of Uruguay's Health Care System -- Health Care Sector Expenditure and Financing -- Health Care Spending Forecasts, 2013-2100 -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 6 Demographic Change and the Education System -- Introduction -- Coverage and Completion -- Education Spending -- The Uruguayan Demographic Transition: Implications for Education Policy -- Final Considerations -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 7 Labor Market and Productivity -- Introduction -- Labor Participation and Productivity: Recent Evolution (1981-2013) -- What Can We Expect from the Evolution of Labor Force Participation?.

The Effects of Changes in Worker Productivity -- Final Comments -- Annex 7A: Some Key Labor Indicators -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 8 Demographic Transition in the International Context -- Introduction -- The Demographic Transition and the Demographic Dividend -- The Life-Cycle Deficit and Sustaining Consumption -- The Generosity of Public Social Spending -- Final Reflections -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 9 Macroeconomic Effects of Demographic Change: Contributions from a Long-Term Perspective -- Introduction -- Macroeconomic Impacts of Demographic Transition -- Demographics and the Uruguayan Economy -- The Demographic Transition and Economic Growth -- Intergenerational Transfers and Consumption Patterns -- Demographic Change and Fiscal Policy -- Conclusions -- Annex 9A: Marginal Propensity to Save and Income Level per Capita -- Annex 9B: Forecasts of IRPF + IASS and IVA + IMESI as a Percentage of GDP -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 10 Sources of Growth in a Context of Population Aging -- Introduction -- Aging and the Growth Dilemma -- Sources of Productivity Growth -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Boxes -- Box 2.1 Alternative Demographic Forecasts -- Box 3.1 The National Transfer Accounts System Relevance to Public Policy in Uruguay -- Box 3.2 Estimating Consumption and Labor Income by Age -- Box 3.3 Estimating the Public Transfer Accounts -- Box 7.1 Entry and Retirement Ages in the Labor Market -- Figures -- Figure 1.1 Evolution of Fertility and Mortality in Uruguay, 1884-2100 -- Figure 1.2 Median Population Age, Uruguay and Selected Countries, 1950-2100 -- Figure 1.3 Dependency Ratios in Uruguay, 1950-2100 -- Figure 1.4 Per Capita Income, Consumption, and Deficit by Age, 2013 -- Figure 1.5 Aggregate Income, Consumption, and Deficit by Age, 2013.

Figure 1.6 Life-Cycle Deficit in Uruguay and Selected Countries by Age as a Proportion of Average Income between Ages 30-49 -- Figure 1.7 Economic Support Ratio, 2010-2100 -- Figure 1.8 Relationship between Net Public Transfer per Capita to the Elderly and Children, Uruguay and Selected Countries, Various Years -- Figure 1.9 Per Capita Consumption and Transfers in Social Sectors by Age, 2013 -- Figure 1.10 Consumption and Transfers in Social Sectors, 2013-2100 -- Figure 1.11 Per Capita Public Spending on Social Protection by Age and Program, 2013 -- Figure 1.12 Aggregate Public Spending on Social Protection by Age and Program, 2013 -- Figure 1.13 Education Enrollment by Simulation Scenario, 2013-2100 -- Figure 1.14 Education Expenditure by Simulation Scenario, 2013-2100 -- Figure 1.15 Total Projected Labor Market Participation Rates by Simulation Scenario, 2013-2100 -- Figure 1.16 Gross Savings Rate, Uruguay and Selected Countries, 1986-2013 -- Figure 1.17 Consumption Profiles Ages 40-65, Uruguay and Selected Countries, Available Years -- Figure 1.18 GDP per Capita by Simulation Scenario, 2015-2100 -- Figure B2.1.1 Evolution of the Population in Three Alternative Demographic Scenarios, 1996-2050 -- Figure 2.1 Total Estimated Population, Selected Years -- Figure 2.2 Uruguay's Population Pyramid, 1908 and 1950 -- Figure 2.3 Births, Deaths, Natural Increase, and Total Fertility, 2000-12 -- Figure 2.4 Evolution of the Total Population and Major Age Groups, 1950-2100 -- Figure 2.5 Population by Age, 2000, 2050, and 2100 -- Figure 2.6 Life Expectancy at Age 65, by Gender, 1950-2100 -- Figure 2.7 Dependency Ratio among Children, the Elderly, and in Total, 1950-2100 -- Figure 3.1 Per Capita Income and Consumption by Age, 2013 -- Figure 3.2 Total Public and Private Consumption and the "Consumption Remainder" per Capita by Age, 2013.

Figure 3.3 Per Capita Education Consumption by Age, 2013 -- Figure 3.4 Per Capita Health Care Consumption by Age, 2013 -- Figure 3.5 Income and Consumption Aggregated by Age, 2013 -- Figure 3.6 Per Capita Life-Cycle Deficit by Age, 2013 -- Figure 3.7 Aggregate Life-Cycle Deficit by Age, 2013 -- Figure 3.8 Life-Cycle Deficit and Net Public Transfers per Capita by Age, 2013 -- Figure 3.9 Aggregate Life-Cycle Deficit and Net Public Transfers by Age, 2013 -- Figure 3.10 Public Inflows and Outflows per Capita by Age Group, 2013 -- Figure 3.11 Aggregate Public Inflows and Outflows by Age, 2013 -- Figure 3.12 Components of Public Inflows per Capita by Age, 2013 -- Figure 3.13 Components of Aggregate Public Inflows by Age, 2013 -- Figure 3.14 Components of Per Capita Public Outflows by Age Group by Average Labor Income for the 30-49 Age Group, 2013 -- Figure 3.15 Components of Aggregate Public Outflows by Age Group, 2013 -- Figure 3.16 Evolution of the Economic Support Ratio, 2013-2100 -- Figure 3.17 Life-Cycle Deficit/Consumption by Age Group, 2013, and Simulations for 2050 and 2100 Aggregate Values -- Figure 3.18 Evolution of the Life-Cycle Deficit/Aggregate Consumption for Three Age Groups, 2014-2100 -- Figure 3.19 Public Social Transfers in Uruguay, 2013-2100 -- Figure 3.20 Net Public Transfers/Inflows by Age Group, 2013, 2050, and 2100 -- Figure 3.21 Evolution of the Fiscal Support Ratio, 2013-2100 -- Figure 4.1 Percentage of Individuals in Poor Households by Age Group and Transfer Type, 2001 and 2013 -- Figure 4.2 Poverty Gap by Age Group and Transfer Type, 2001 and 2013 -- Figure 4.3 Beneficiaries by Social Protection Program and Age, 2013 -- Figure 4.4 Total Expenditure on Social Protection by Age Group and Program, Single-Year Age Groups, 2013 -- Figure 4.5 Per Capita Social Protection Expenditure by Age Group and Program, 2013.

Figure 4.6 Total Expenditure on Retirement Benefits and Pensions, 2013-2100 -- Figure 4.7 Expenditure on Family Allowances, Unemployment Insurance, and Maternity Insurance, 2013-2100 -- Figure 4.8 Total Social Protection Expenditure (Public Spending and Funded Social Security), 2013-2100 -- Figure 4.9 Total Expenditure on Retirement Benefits and Pensions, 2013-2100 -- Figure 5.1 Relative Capita Values by Age Group, 2014 -- Figure 5.2 Life Expectancy by Gender, 1988-2012 -- Figure 5.3 Principal Causes of Death, 1900-2002 -- Figure 5.4 Evolution of Total GDP and Health Care GDP at Constant Prices, 2005-13 -- Figure 5.5 Evolution of Total Health Care Spending, 2013-2100 -- Figure 5.6 Evolution of Health Care Spending Financed with Public Funds, 2013-2100 -- Figure 5.7 Total Impact and Impact of Change in Number of People Only, 2013-2100 -- Figure 5.8 Variation in the Relative Participation of Men by Age Group between 2013 and 2100 -- Figure 5.9 Variation in the Relative Participation of Women by Age Group between 2013 and 2100 -- Figure 5.10 Incidence of Each Risk Category in the Variability of Total Spending by Age Group and Gender -- Figure 5.11 Public Health Care Spending: Impact of Demographic Change and the Changes Established in Law No. 18,731, 2013-2100 -- Figure 5.12 Public Health Care Spending: Impact of Allocating State Health Services Administration Budget Based on Value of the Health Premiums, 2013-2100 -- Figure 6.1 Total Enrolled Students by Education Level, 1990-2013 -- Figure 6.2 Net Enrollment Ratios by Education Level, 1991-2013 -- Figure 6.3 Net Enrollment Ratios for Early Childhood Education, 1991-2013 -- Figure 6.4 Completion Rates by Education Level, 1991-2013 -- Figure 6.5 Over-Age Enrollment Ratio by Education Level, 1991-2013 -- Figure 6.6 Net Enrollment Ratios by Education Level and Household Income Quintile, 1991-2013.

Figure 6.7 Completion Rates by Education Level and Household Income Quintile, 1991-2013.

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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.