Earthquake Prediction with Radio Techniques.

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Earthquakes and EQ Prediction -- 1.1 Fundamentals of Earthquakes -- 1.1.1 Naturally Occurring EQs -- 1.1.2 EQ Fault Types -- 1.1.3 EQs Away from Plate Boundaries (Interplate EQs) -- 1.1.4 Shallow-Focus and Deep-Focus EQs -- 1.1.5 Frequency of EQ Occurrence -- 1.2 Conventional EQ Prediction by Seismic Measurements -- 1.2.1 Historical Background -- 1.2.2 Measurement of EQs and Crustal Movement -- 1.2.3 Long-Term, Medium-Term, and Short-Term EQ Prediction -- 1.3 Nonconventional (Nonseismic) EQ Prediction with Radio Technique -- 1.3.1 Historical Introduction of EQ Prediction -- 1.3.2 Nonseismic (Mainly Electromagnetic) Short-Term Precursors -- References -- Chapter 2 Radio Communication and Radio Noise -- 2.1 Communication Systems -- 2.1.1 General Scheme of Communication and Communication Systems -- 2.1.2 General Scheme of Communication Systems -- 2.1.3 General Scheme of Communication Media -- 2.2 Propagating Media of Radio Communications -- 2.2.1 Radio Propagation Types -- 2.2.2 Radio Signal Transmission and Propagation Characteristics -- 2.3 Major Radio Propagation Types (General Characteristics) -- 2.3.1 Ground Wave Propagation -- 2.3.2 Tropospheric Propagation -- 2.3.3 Ionospheric Propagation/Earth-Space Propagation -- 2.4 Radio Noise -- References -- Chapter 3 DC/ULF Technique -- 3.1 Historical Introduction -- 3.2 DC Geoelectric Signals -- 3.2.1 VAN Observational Method -- 3.2.2 Selectivity Law: How to Estimate the EQ Epicenter -- 3.2.3 VAN Relationships: How to Estimate the EQ Magnitude -- 3.2.4 Variety of SES: How to Estimate the Time of a Coming EQ -- 3.2.5 Results of EQ Prediction Using VAN Method -- 3.2.6 Discussion -- 3.3 ULF Electromagnetic Emissions -- 3.3.1 Introduction -- 3.3.2 Three Major ULF Events -- 3.3.3 Correlation between ULF Emissions and EQs.

3.3.4 Existing ULF Networks in Japan -- 3.3.5 Analysis Methods of ULF Magnetic Field Variations -- 3.3.6 Characteristics of Seismogenic ULF Emissions and Current Activities -- 3.4 Generation Mechanism of DC/ULF Emissions -- 3.4.1 Microfracturing Mechanism -- 3.4.2 Induction Mechanism -- 3.4.3 Electrokinetic Mechanism -- 3.5 ULF Magnetic Field Depression -- 3.5.1 ULF Magnetic Field Depression as a New Phenomenon -- 3.5.2 An Example for the 2011 Japan EQ -- 3.5.3 Generation Mechanism of ULF Magnetic Field Depression -- References -- Chapter 4 ELF Techniques -- 4.1 Characteristics of Extremely Low-Frequency Waves -- 4.2 Theoretical Aspects of Propagation on VLF/ELF -- 4.2.1 Rays and Modes -- 4.2.2 Fresnel Reflection -- 4.3 Propagation of ELF Waves -- 4.4 Seismogenic ELF Electromagnetic Emissions -- 4.4.1 ELF Sensors and Selection of Frequency -- 4.4.2 Some Examples -- 4.4.3 Statistical Results -- 4.4.4 Generation Mechanism of Seismogenic ELF Emissions -- 4.5 Anomalies in SRs -- 4.5.1 An Event Study: 1999 Taiwan Chi-chi EQ -- 4.5.2 Statistical Results -- 4.6 ULF/ELF Electromagnetic Radiation before the March 11, 2011, Japanese EQ -- 4.6.1 ULF/ELF Precursor -- References -- Chapter 5 VLF/LF Techniques -- 5.1 Characteristics of ELF/VLF/LF Waves -- 5.2 Whistlers -- 5.2.1 Sources and Propagation -- 5.2.2 Refractive Index -- 5.2.3 Dispersion -- 5.2.4 Allied Phenomena -- 5.3 Theoretical Aspects of Propagation on VLF/ELF -- 5.3.1 Effect of the Earth´s Magnetic Field -- 5.3.2 Effects of Earth-Ionosphere Curvature -- 5.3.3 The Use of VLF/LF Subionospheric Propagation as a New Methodology -- 5.4 Anomalies of Subionospheric VLF/LF Propagation and Lower Ionospheric Perturbations in Possible Association with EQs -- 5.4.1 History of VLF/LF Subionospheric Method -- 5.4.2 Japanese VLF/LF Network -- 5.4.3 Short-Distance Propagation and VLF/LF Propagation Anomalies.

5.4.4 Long-Distance Propagation and Lower Ionospheric Perturbations -- 5.5 Seismogenic VLF/LF Emissions -- 5.6 Anomalous Propagation of Whistlers -- 5.6.1 Whistler Data Used in This Paper -- 5.6.2 Anomalous Whistlers and Seismic Activity -- 5.7 Generation Mechanism of Seismo-ionospheric Perturbations -- References -- Chapter 6 MF Techniques -- 6.1 Characteristics of MF Waves -- 6.2 Anomalies of MF Broadcasting Signals and Ionospheric and Atmospheric Perturbations -- 6.2.1 LF Radio Precursors -- 6.2.2 Propagation Characteristics of LF Anomalies and Discussion -- 6.2.3 Conclusion of LF Radio Waves -- References -- Chapter 7 HF/VHF/SHF Techniques -- 7.1 Uses of HF/VHF/SHF Waves -- 7.1.1 Instrument and Analysis -- 7.1.2 Ionosonde foF2 -- 7.1.3 GPS TEC -- 7.1.4 Doppler Shift -- 7.2 HF/VHF Bottomside Sounding and Ionospheric Perturbations -- 7.2.1 Seismo-ionospheric F-Region Precursor -- 7.3 Over-the-Horizon VHF Propagation and Atmospheric Perturbation -- 7.3.1 Characteristics of Over-the-Horizon VHF Propagation in Possible Association with EQs -- 7.3.2 Interferometric VHF Direction Finding -- 7.4 Line-of-Sight VHF Propagation -- 7.4.1 Wideband Measurement System -- 7.4.2 Statistical Analysis and Discrimination of Anomalous Data -- 7.4.3 Observation Results -- 7.4.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 Satellite Observations -- 8.1 Historical Introduction of Satellite Observations -- 8.2 Plasma Anomalies and Plasma Turbulence (Early Results) -- 8.2.1 Ion and Electron Density and Temperature -- 8.2.2 Energetic Particles -- 8.2.3 Infrared and Thermal Measurements -- 8.3 Radio Emissions in Different Frequency Ranges (Early Results) -- 8.3.1 Plasma Waves -- 8.4 The DEMETER Satellite and Observational Results -- 8.4.1 Scientific Payload -- 8.4.2 Operations and Data Processing -- 8.4.3 Scientific Results from DEMETER -- References.

Chapter 9 Summary and Conclusion -- 9.1 Summary of the Use of Radio Techniques in EQ Prediction -- 9.2 Future Directions -- References -- Index -- EULA.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.